Human Tenon's Fibroblasts Research Articles

Interferon‐alpha and interferon‐gamma modulate Fas‐mediated apoptosis in mitomycin‐C‐resistant human Tenon's fibroblasts

The aim of the study was to investigate, using a native mitomycin-C-resistant human Tenon's fibroblast cell line, the possibility that interferon-alpha and gamma could be used with Fas agonists as an alternative anti-fibrotic strategy to mitomycin-C in trabeculectomy. A clinically resistant and in vitro verified mitomycin-C-resistant human Tenon's fibroblast cell line was pretreated with interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma for 48 h before stimulation with an agonistic Fas antibody (CH11) for 2 days to induce cell death. Cell death assays were undertaken. Changes in apoptosis-related proteins were determined by flow cytometry and Western blot. Pretreatment with interferon-alpha or interferon-gamma for 48 h increased Fas, Fas-associated protein with death domain and caspase-8 expression. Protein expression was further increased by combined exposure to interferon-alpha and gamma. Pretreatment with cytokines had no effect on Fas-L and Bcl-2. Interferon-alpha alone did not change the rate of induced cell death. A combination of interferon-alpha and gamma synergistically increased the sensitivity of mitomycin-C-resistant human Tenon's fibroblast cell line to induced cell death. An antagonistic anti-Fas antibody (ZB4) completely blocked induced cell death. Broad caspase inhibitors specific for caspases-8 and -3 reduced induced deaths in interferon pretreated mitomycin-C-resistant human Tenon's fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma render mitomycin-C-resistant human Tenon's fibroblast cell line sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The mechanism involves increased death-inducing signalling complex formation by upregulation of Fas, Fas-associated protein with death domain and caspase-8 expression.

Suitability of Human Tenon’s Fibroblasts as Feeder Cells for Culturing Human Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells

Corneal epithelial regeneration through ex vivo expansion of limbal stem cells (LSCs) on 3T3-J2 fibroblasts has revealed some limitations mainly due to the corneal microenvironment not being properly replicated, thus affecting long term results. Insights into the feeder cells that are used to expand LSCs and the mechanisms underlying the effects of human feeder cells have yet to be fully elucidated. We recently developed a standardized methodology to expand human Tenon's fibroblasts (TFs). Here we aimed to investigate whether TFs can be employed as feeder cells for LSCs, characterizing the phenotype of the co-cultures and assessing what human soluble factors are secreted. The hypothesis that TFs could be employed as alternative human feeder layer has not been explored yet. LSCs were isolated from superior limbus biopsies, co-cultured on TFs, 3T3-J2 or dermal fibroblasts (DFs), then analyzed by immunofluorescence (p63α), colony-forming efficiency (CFE) assay and qPCR for a panel of putative stem cell and epithelial corneal differentiation markers (KRT3). Co-cultures supernatants were screened for a set of soluble factors. Results showed that the percentage of p63α(+)LSCs co-cultured onto TFs was significantly higher than those on DFs (p = 0.032) and 3T3-J2 (p = 0.047). Interestingly, LSCs co-cultures on TFs exhibited both significantly higher CFE and mRNA expression levels of ΔNp63α than on 3T3-J2 and DFs (p < 0.0001), showing also significantly greater levels of soluble factors (IL-6, HGF, b-FGF, G-CSF, TGF-β3) than LSCs on DFs. Therefore, TFs could represent an alternative feeder layer to both 3T3-J2 and DFs, potentially providing a suitable microenvironment for LSCs culture.

P-glycoprotein Blockers Augment the Effect of Mitomycin C on Human Tenon's Fibroblasts

Mitomycin C (MMC), which induces apoptosis in human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTF), is frequently used to retard wound healing after glaucoma surgery. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine whether adjunctive Verapamil and Cyclosporine could augment the cytotoxic effect of MMC on HTF. Fibroblast cell lines were established by explant culture from human tissue biopsy samples obtained during trabeculectomy procedures. Cells were exposed to MMC at varying concentrations (0.01-0.4 mg/ml) for 3 minutes, prior to washing in the presence or absence of the following drugs: Staurosporine (0.003mg/ml), Verapamil (2.5-0.25 mg/ml), or Cyclosporine (50-0.5 mg/ml). Following exposure, cells were cultured for 6 hours and surviving cells quantitated by haemocytometer counts. Both Verapamil and Staurosporine exhibited mild toxic effects on their own, but greatly enhanced the apoptotic effect of MMC. Staurosporine is too toxic to be considered clinically, so its augmentive effect on the activity of MMC was not studied further here. Doses as low as 0.25 mg/ml of Verapamil continued to show significant augmentation of the apoptotic effect of MMC Cyclosporine at a clinically used concentration (5 mg/ml) exhibited modest augmentation of the effect of MMC. Verapamil and Cyclosporine in clinically acceptable concentrations potentiate the effect of MMC and may obviate the need for high dose antimetabolites in trabeculectomy; however, further preclinical study is required. Adjunctive Verapamil or Cyclosporine may allow lower dose MMC to be used in glaucoma filtration surgery while maintaining the same antifibrotic effects.

Silibinin inhibits myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tenon fibroblasts and reduces fibrosis in a rabbit trabeculectomy model

To investigate the effect of silibinin in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and in animal trabeculectomy models. The effect of silibinin on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin in response to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was determined in human tenon fibroblasts (HTFs). Cell migration and collagen contraction arrays were used to demonstrate the functionality of silibinin-modulated HTFs. ELISA analysis was used to determine the effect of silibinin on the release of type 1 collagen and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The effect of silibinin on the activation of the TGF-β receptor-related pathway was evaluated by Western blotting. A rabbit model of trabeculectomy was established to assess the effect of silibinin in vivo. TGF-β1 elevated the expression of α-SMA and vimentin in HTFs; this elevation was inhibited by silibinin. TGF-β1 increased cell migration and collagen contraction of HTFs, which were also suppressed by silibinin. The production of both CTGF and type 1 collagen in TGF-β1-treated HTFs was inhibited by silibinin. The effects of silibinin on TGF-β1-stimulated HTFs were mediated via the down-regulation of TGF-β receptor-related SMAD signalling pathways. In the rabbit model of trabeculectomy, silibinin increased the period of decreasing intraocular pressure after trabeculectomy and reduced the production of collagen and α-SMA at the site of blebs in vivo. Silibinin inhibited the TGF-β receptor-related signalling pathway in TGF-β-treated HTFs and several of the downstream events associated with myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Silibinin also improved the outcome of trabeculectomies by reducing the fibrotic response in the bleb tissue in vivo.

Effects of transforming growth factor-β2 on human Tenon fibroblasts transformation and scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery

Background Research showed that transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) promotes scar formation.But its mechanism in scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery is worthy of studying.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of TGF-β2 on myofibroblast transition of human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) and scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery.Methods Tenon capsular tissue was obtained from 3 patients with strabismus during the surgery and was incubated in DMEM with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS).The cells were collected and passaged in the free-serum medium for 24 hours,and then 1,2,5,10,20 μg/L TGF-β2 was added into the medium respectively,to induce the transformation of HTFs,and 2 μg/L or 5 μg/L TGF-β2 was used to treat the HTFs for 6,24,48 and 72 hours.The control group was not treated with TGF-β2.The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and phosphorylation of the signaling proteins (pSmad2) in HTFs were detected by Western blot assay.The expressions of α-SMA and F-actin were located by cell immunofluorescine technique under the confocal immunofluorescence microscopy.Cell contractility was determined by collagen gel contraction assays.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Institute of Surgery Research of Daping Hospital,and informed consent was obtained from each patient or custodian initial of the study.Results The expression of α-SMA protein in the HTFs was increased significantly after the treatment of TGF-β2 in comparison with the control group and reached a peak at 24-48 hours.The α-SMA expression was gradually weakened in the 10 μg/L TGF-β2 groups.Little of α-SMA and F-actin were expressed in the control group.However,strong staining for α-SMA and F-actin were observed in the 1,2 and 5 μg/L TGF-β2 groups and then the staining weakened at the concentration of 10 μg/L.In addition,pSmad2 showed a stronger expression in the 2 μg/L TGF-β2 group than that in the PBS group and FBS group,with the strongest expression in 30 minutes through 2 hours.The untreated gel contracted (78.00±3.13)％ from its initial size,and contraction in the 1,2,5,10 μg/L TGF-β2 group were (63.88±1.78)％,(20.69±0.65)％,(19.49-±0.54)％,(16.24±0.84) ％,respectively,TGF-β2 increased HTFs contraction significantly (Fgroup =859.400,P =0.000).Conclusions TGF-β2 can induce transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblast into myofibroblast and increase cell contractility,with a concentration-dependent and time-dependent pattern to an extent.It may be the mechanism of scar formation after glaucoma filter surgery. Key words: Transforming growth factor-β2 ; Glaucoma/filtering surgery; Scar; Tenon fibroblast; α-Smooth muscle actin

A Novel Aptamer Targeting TGF-β Receptor II Inhibits Transdifferentiation of Human Tenon's Fibroblasts into Myofibroblast

To isolate aptamers that were bound to the extracellular segment of TGF-β receptor II (TβRII) and evaluate their effect on the TGF-β-induced transdifferentiation of fibroblasts. TβRII-binding aptamers were screened by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) from a single stranded DNA (ssDNA) library. Human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) were cultured and treated with TGF-β2, TGF-β2 and aptamer S58/68, or aptamer S58/68 alone. Western blot analysis was performed to determine levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the signaling protein phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2). α-SMA and p-Smad2 subcellular distribution and fibrous actin (F-actin) with rhodamine-phalloidin staining were evaluated by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell contractility was assessed in collagen gel contraction assays. Twenty-one sequences were obtained after eight rounds of selection. Two preferential sequences, aptamer S58 and S68, were isolated and used in the following experiments. Aptamer S58 significantly inhibited α-SMA expression and incorporation into actin stress fibers, as induced by TGF-β2. Aptamer S58 also suppressed TGF-β2-induced cell contraction. Furthermore, aptamer S58 inhibited the TGF-β2-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2. However, we did not find any effect of aptamer S68 on TGF-β2 activity in vitro. Our study revealed that a novel aptamer binding TβRII inhibited TGF-β2-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in HTFs.

Role of Heat Shock Protein 47 in Transdifferentiation of Human Tenon's Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts

BackgroundHeat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) is a well-known molecular chaperone in collagen synthesis and maturation. The aim of this study is to investigate its putative role in the transdifferentiation of Tenon’s fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.MethodsPrimary cultured human Tenon’s fibroblasts were exposed to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) for up to 48 hours. The mRNA levels of Hsp47 and α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were determined by quantitative real time RT-PCR. After delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules targeting Hsp47 into the cells, the expression of Hsp47 and αSMA proteins was determined by western immunoblotting.ResultsTGF-β1 increased the mRNA expressions of both Hsp47 and αSMA in human Tenon’s fibroblasts, as determined by quantitative real time RT-PCR. However, it induced the protein expression of only αSMA but not Hsp47, as determined by western immunoblots. When siRNAs specific for Hsp47 were introduced into those cells, the TGF-β1-induced expression of αSMA was significantly attenuated on western immunoblots; after 48 hours of exposure to TGF-β1, the relative densities of immunobands were 11.58 for the TGF-β1 only group and 2.75 for the siRNA treatment group, compared with the no treatment control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur data suggest that Hsp47 may be related to the TGF-β1-induced transdifferentiation of human Tenon’s fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.

Rac1 Inhibition Prevents Tissue Contraction and MMP Mediated Matrix Remodeling in the Conjunctiva

To evaluate the efficiency of Rac1 inhibition in preventing matrix contraction by Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. The involvement of Rac1 in serum-stimulated matrix contraction by human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) was investigated in a classic collagen contraction model and our ex vivo model of tissue contraction using immunocytochemistry, chemical inhibitors, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Matrix integrity was assessed using confocal reflection microscopy and Coomassie blue staining. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to assess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Serum induced Rac1 activation in HTF-populated collagen gels and stimulated HTFs to contract collagen matrices down to ~90% of their original size. Rac1 inhibition using NSC23766 or depletion using siRNA both significantly reduced HTF-mediated contraction. Early brief exposure to NSC23766 reduced HTF-mediated gel contraction by 70%, while transient treatment with the Rac1 inhibitor once a week decreased ex vivo tissue contraction down to serum-free levels. Transient exposure to NSC23766 prevented early cell protrusions, fiber alignment, and matrix degradation, as seen upon continuous exposure to broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor. However, unlike MMP inhibition, transient treatment with NSC23766 led to a significant reduction in MMP1 mRNA and protein expression during contraction, without increasing MMP2 and MMP14 expression. Rac1 inhibition efficiently prevents conjunctival tissue and collagen matrix contraction and prevents matrix degradation.

Suppression of Type I Collagen Expression by miR-29b via PI3K, Akt, and Sp1 Pathway in Human Tenon's Fibroblasts

To evaluate the expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their roles in human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs), and to establish an miRNA-based gene-silencing method for antifibrosis in vitro. The miRNA expression profile was analyzed by microarray using quiescent and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-stimulated primary HTFs, respectively. Candidate miRNAs were identified by quantitative RT-PCR. miRNAs potentially targeting fibrosis-related genes were predicted using a published algorithm. Predicted fibrosis-related genes regulated by candidate miRNAs were confirmed by transfection of the miRNA into HTF culture (with or without TGFβ1 treatment), followed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In all, 38 miRNAs were identified to be upregulated and 31 downregulated, in TGFβ1-stimulated HTFs. Among those, the miR-29b, downregulated in TGFβ1-treated HTFs, targeted a cadre of mRNAs that encode proteins involved in fibrosis, including PI3Kp85α, Sp1, and collagen type I alpha1 (Col1A1). Treatment of HTFs with TGFβ1 activated the PI3K/Akt/Sp1 pathway and, consequently, induced an increase in the expression of type I collagen. Overexpression of miR-29b inhibited the PI3K/Akt/Sp1 pathway, and attenuated the expression of Col1A1. CONCLUSIONS. miR-29b acted as a suppressor of type I collagen gene by repressing the PI3K/Akt/Sp1 pathway in HTFs. Overexpression of miR-29b protected subconjunctival tissues against collagen production and fibrosis. These findings provided a novel rationale for the development of miRNA-based strategies for attenuating scar formation after glaucoma filtering surgery.

Rosiglitazone attenuates activation of human Tenon’s fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor -β1

To investigate the influence of rosiglitazone on activation of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) and to access the possible mechanism. Cultured human Tenon's fibroblasts were pretreated in two different concentrations of rosiglitazone (5μmol/l and 10μmol/l) before being stimulated with 5ng/ml transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). The viability and proliferation of cells were accessed by cell count kit-8 assay; Cell migration was examined by the wound closure assay; Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and type I collagen (COL I) transcription were detected by RT-qPCR; The expression and localization of α-SMA protein were examined by Western-blot analysis and Immunofluorescence staining; Western-blot analysis was also used to check the expression of CTGF, COL I peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and phosphorylation of the signaling protein Smad2/3 Rosiglitazone is able to attenuate the up-regulation of α-SMA, CTGF, and COL I transcription, as well as affect protein expression, proliferation, and migration of cells; rosiglitazone also can increase PPAR-γ expression and attenuate Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Rosiglitazone can effectively attenuate activation of HTFs induced by TGF-β1 without obvious toxicity. The possible mechanism might be that rosiglitazone interferes with TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

The Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in the TGF-β-Induced Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation of Human Tenon's Fibroblasts

PurposeTo investigate the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation of human Tenon's fibroblasts.MethodsPrimary cultured human Tenon's fibroblasts were exposed to TGF-β1 for up to 48 hours. The mRNA levels of FAK, α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and β-actin were determined by quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of collagen type I, FAK, phospho-FAK, αSMA, and β-actin were determined by Western immunoblots. After the small interfering RNA targeting FAK (siRNAFAK) molecules were delivered into the cells, the expressions of αSMA proteins were determined by Western immunoblots.ResultsIn human Tenon's fibroblasts, TGF-β1 significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of αSMA. However, when the action of FAK was inhibited using siRNAFAK, the TGF-β1-induced expression of αSMA was attenuated.ConclusionsOur data suggest that FAK may be associated with the TGF-β1-induced transdifferentiation of human Tenon's fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which is the essential step of subconjunctival fibrosis.

Extracellular Matrix Elasticity Modulates TGF-β–Induced p38 Activation and Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation in Human Tenon Fibroblasts

Extracellular matrix and the cytokine TGF-β influence scar formation in an interdependent fashion. In this study, the impact of extracellular matrix elasticity on TGF-β-induced signal transduction and myofibroblast transdifferentiation was examined. Primary human tenon fibroblasts were seeded on collagen-coated glass coverslips (rigid environment) or collagen or polyacrylamide gels (elastic environment) of different compliance and stimulated with TGF-β. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis for the marker gene α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and SMA incorporation into stress fibers was determined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. CTGF transcription was assessed by RT-qPCR. Signaling pathways were examined by Western blot using phosphospecific antibodies and by immunofluorescence microscopy. TGF-β-dependent myofibroblast transdifferentiation was enhanced in a stiff environment. Increasing matrix elasticity attenuated TGF-β-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the associated CTGF expression. TGF-β-induced p38 activation was reduced on elastic substrates. The results suggest that matrix elasticity influences TGF-β-dependent activation of p38 signaling and subsequent myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Biomechanical cues represent an important determinant of scarring processes. Therefore, cellular signals elicited by mechanotransduction deserve consideration in the design of novel antifibrotic strategies.

2A Peptide-based, Lentivirus-mediated Anti-death Receptor 5 Chimeric Antibody Expression Prevents Tumor Growth in Nude Mice

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF superfamily, induces tumor cell death via death receptors on target cells, without adverse effects on most normal cells. Its receptors are therefore an attractive target for antibody-mediated tumor therapy. Here, we report the creation of a lentivirus vector constructed by linking the heavy chain and the light chain of the antibody with a 2A/furin self-processing peptide in a single open reading frame that expresses a novel chimeric antibody (named as zaptuximab) with tumoricidal activity, which is consisted of the variable region of a mouse anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody, AD5-10, and the constant region of human immunoglobulin G1. Lentivirus-expressed zaptuximab bound specifically to its antigen, DR5, and exhibited significant apoptosis-inducing activity in various tumor cell lines. The packaged recombinant virus lenti-HF2AL showed strong apoptosis-inducing activity in vitro. Meanwhile, inoculated subcutaneous human colon HCT116 tumor formation in nude mice were inhibited significantly. Moreover, there was a synergistic effect of mitomycin C (MMC) on the observed tumoricidal efficacy, prolonging the life span of nude mice with orthotopic human lung tumor cancers. These data suggest that lentivirus-mediated, 2A peptide-based anti-DR5 chimeric antibody expression may have clinical utility as an anticancer treatment and may represent a rational adjuvant therapy in combination with chemotherapy.

Inhibition effect of P27 tumor suppressor gene transfection on human Tenon's fibroblast cells

目的 探讨阳离子脂质体介导的P27抑癌基因对体外培养的人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞增生的抑制作用.方法 收集斜视患者矫正手术过程中获取的球筋膜囊组织制备成组织块,采用贴壁法在DMEM+质量分数10%胎牛血清培养液中进行培养和传代.采用脂质体介导的方法,将构建的增强型绿色荧光蛋白(pEGFP)-N1 P27真核表达质粒转染体外培养的人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞为pEGFP-N1 P27转染组,同时以重组质粒pEGFP-N1的空质粒转染组为空载体组,另设部分未转染的成纤维细胞为未转染组.Western blot法检测P27蛋白在人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞中的表达,用流式细胞技术进行细胞周期分析,MTT法检测P27基因对培养的人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞活性的影响,检测值以细胞的吸光度(A490)值表示.结果 荧光倒置显微镜下见转染成功的成纤维细胞呈绿色荧光.Western blot检测显示,pEGFP-N1 P27转染组中可见宽大的蛋白条带,证实人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞在蛋白水平表达P27基因.细胞周期分析结果表明,pEGFP-N1 P27转染组73.16%的人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞处于G0-G1期,26.84%处于S期,而空载体组的人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞在G0-G1期、S期者分别为63.29%和58.16%,未转染组分别为36.71%和41.84%.MTT法检测表明,pEGFP-N1 P27转染组人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞的A490值为0.079±0.054,明显低于空载体组的0.127±0.106和未转染组的0.180±0.007,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000,P=0.011).结论 转染的P27基因对体外培养的人眼球筋膜囊成纤维细胞的增生具有抑制作用,并能够抑制成纤维细胞的活性。

Inhibition of TGF beta 2 shRNA on human Tenon's capsular fibroblasts

目的 观察转化生长因子-β2(TGF-β2)特异性短发夹RNA(shRNA)对人眼Tenon囊成纤维细胞(TCFs)TGF-β2表达的影响及对人TCFs增生的抑制作用.方法 根据小干扰RNA(siRNA)的设计原则,针对TGF-β2基因序列特征构建特异性shRNA载体,转染培养的人TCFs.MTT比色法检测细胞的增生情况;ELISA法检测shRNA对TGF-β2蛋白表达的抑制作用.结果 TGF-β2 shRNA转染组的细胞增生及TGF-β2蛋白的表达均受到抑制.转染24、48、72h后MTT比色法检测显示,TGF-β2 shRNA转染组培养的Tenon囊的成纤维细胞的增生值分别为0.5426±0.05、0.5210±0.03、0.4055±0.04,明显低于阴性对照组的0.5655±0.03、0.5378±0.03、0.5268±0.04,3个组和各时间点的总体差异均有统计学意义(F组=54.691,P=0.000;Ftime=66.888,P=0.000).ELISA法检测显示,TGF-β2 shRNA转染组TGF-β2蛋白的表达水平下降,24、48、72h TGF-β2蛋白的表达量分别为(543.58±25.32)、(400.26±30.74)、(202.72 ±23.24)ng/L,明显低于阴性对照组的(659.78±20.95)、(547.45±24.65)、(442.87±17.43)ng/L 及空白组的(721.75±30.19)、(756.61±30.19)、(787.60±18.37) ng/L,3个组和各时间点的总体差异均有统计学意义(F组=163.082,P=0.000;F时间=31.498,P=0.000).结论 TGF-β2特异性shRNA能显著抑制人TCFs TGF-β2的表达,载体介导的TGF-β2特异性shRNA对眼前节术后的抗瘢痕化治疗具有潜在的可能性。

Author Response: The Effect of Bevacizumab on Human Tenon Fibroblasts in Ocular Wound Healing

Author Response: The Effect of Bevacizumab on Human Tenon Fibroblasts in Ocular Wound Healing

The Effect of Bevacizumab on Human Tenon Fibroblasts in Ocular Wound Healing

The Effect of Bevacizumab on Human Tenon Fibroblasts in Ocular Wound Healing

Mycophenolic acid suppresses human pterygium and normal tenon fibroblast proliferation in vitro

AimsTo investigate whether mycophenolic acid (MPA) exerts antifibrotic effects on pterygium fibroblasts (PFB) with and without stimulation with fibrogenic cytokines, and to compare the efficacy of MPA with mitomycin (MMC)...

Potentiation of Bortezomib-Induced Apoptosis by TGF-β in Cultured Human Tenon's Fibroblasts: Contribution of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

To investigate the effects of bortezomib on cell apoptosis and proliferation in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) after cotreatment with TGF-β. The effect of bortezomib on the apoptosis and cell proliferation of cultured HTFs was determined with FACS analysis and 3-[4,5-demethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay with or without cotreatment of TGF-β. The apoptotic effect of cotreatment of bortezomib and TGF-β through the PI3K/Akt pathway was determined by Western blot analysis. The mRNA level of Bcl-2 and Bax was determined by RT-PCR. p53 expression, DNA-PKcs cleavage, and c-Jun phosphorylation were determined. Cotreatment with bortezomib (5 μM) and TGF-β (10 μM) increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in HTFs on FACS analysis, whereas either bortezomib or TGF-β treatment alone did not. The MTT assay also showed that when bortezomib was cotreated with TGF-β, the cell proliferation of HTFs induced by TGF-β treatment was significantly decreased at 72-hour incubation. The cotreatment of bortezomib and TGF-β specifically decreased the Akt phosphorylation induced by TGF-β, indicating on Western blot analysis that these changes are mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. The mRNA level of an apoptosis-related factor, Bcl-2, was significantly reduced, and p53 expression, DNA-PKcs cleavage, and c-Jun phosphorylation were increased after cotreatment. Bortezomib-induced apoptosis is potentiated by TGF-β cotreatment in cultured HTFs by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, indicating that the effect of bortezomib may be potentiated when the level of TGF-β is elevated, as is observed in the postoperative period.

Antifibrotic Activity of Bevacizumab on Human Tenon's Fibroblasts In Vitro

To evaluate the effect of the anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody bevacizumab on primary human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) in an in vitro model of wound healing. Fibroblasts were cultured in RPMI media, and bevacizumab was administered at a concentration ranging from 0.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. Fibroblast viability and cell death were assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, BrdU assay, and live/dead assay. Fibroblast contractility was assessed in floating collagen gels. Morphologic changes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Antifibrosis activities were compared with 5-fluorouracil. Bevacizumab induced a significant dose-related reduction of HTF cell number at 12.5 mg/mL at 72 hours (P < 0.05). Under serum-free conditions, bevacizumab induced significant fibroblast cell death at concentrations greater than 7.5 mg/mL (P < 0.05). Bevacizumab caused a moderate inhibition of fibroblast gel contraction from baseline (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed marked vacuolization in bevacizumab-treated fibroblasts. Bevacizumab disrupted fibroblast proliferation, inhibited collagen gel contraction ability, and induced fibroblast cell death at concentrations greater than 7.5 mg/mL in serum-free conditions. These results demonstrated that bevacizumab inhibited a number of fibrosis activities in culture. These activities may underpin the antifibrosis effect proposed in vivo.