Human-technology Interaction Research Articles

Editorial: A Look at the Digitalisation of Education in the Context of Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications

In this article digital transformation in education and the associated ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) are considered. In order to make use of the innovation potential of mixed reality and artificial intelligence in vocational education and training, it is argued in this article that a constructive approach should be used for the ethical, legal, and social implications. To this end, after the introduction and a brief presentation of the potential of digital technologies, selected ethical, legal, and social implications are discussed in order to provide starting points and recommendations for a reflective approach to the ELSI aspects. Keywords: Digital transformation, Mixed Reality (MR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Learning An-alytics (LA), Human-Technology Interaction (HTI), ELSI

Human-Technology Interaction Factors Associated With the Use of Electronic Personal Health Records Among Younger and Older Adults: Secondary Data Analysis.

BackgroundAn electronic personal health record (ePHR), also known as a personal health record (PHR), has been broadly defined as an electronic application through which individuals can access, manage, and share their health information in a secure and confidential environment. Although ePHRs can benefit individuals as well as caregivers and health care providers, the use of ePHRs among individuals continues to remain low.ObjectiveThe current study aims to examine the relationship between human-technology interaction factors and ePHR use among adults and then to compare the different effects of human-technology interaction factors on ePHR use between younger adults (18-54 years old) and older adults (55 years of age and over).MethodsWe analyzed data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5 cycle 3) collected from US adults aged 18 years old and over in 2019. Descriptive analysis was conducted for all variables and each item of ePHR use. Bivariate tests (Pearson correlation coefficient for categorical variable and F test for continuous variables) were conducted over 2 age groups. Finally, after adjustments were made for sociodemographics and health care resources, a weighted multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the relationship between human-technology interaction factors and ePHR use.ResultsThe final sample size of 1363 (average age 51.19) was divided into 2 age groups: 18 to 54 years old and 55 years old and older. The average level of ePHR use was low (mean 2.76, range 0-8). There was no significant difference in average ePHR use between the 2 age groups. Including clinical notes was positively related to ePHR use in both groups: 18 to 54 years old (β=.28, P=.005), 55 years old and older (β=.15, P=.006). Although accessing ePHRs using a smartphone app was only associated with ePHR use among younger adults (β=.29; P<.001), ease of understanding health information in ePHRs was positively linked to ePHR use only among older adults (β=.13; P=.003).ConclusionsThis study found that including clinical notes was positively related to ePHR use in both age groups, which suggested that including clinical notes as a part of ePHRs might improve the effective use of ePHRs among patients. Moreover, accessing ePHRs using a smartphone app was associated with higher ePHR use among younger adults while ease of understanding health information in ePHRs was linked to higher ePHR use among older adults. The design of ePHRs should provide the option of being accessible through mobile devices to promote greater ePHR use among young people. For older adults, providers could add additional notes to explain the health information recorded in the ePHRs.

The Use of Self-service Technology to Complement Human Touch Services in Bangkok

The development of science and technology brings to people, fast, convenient and more accurate service experience. Human-technology interaction is now a controversial topic. Hospitality has always been, and will always be, a people-driven industry. So, it's a challenge to find a way to integrate technology with this people-driven industry. The aim of this study is to explore how to remain the human touch in the self-service technology (SST) experience. And eventually aim is finding ways to create exceptional service for guests.

Reshaping Human Factors Education in Times of Big Data: Practitioner Perspectives

Human Factors Engineering (HFE) is an applied discipline that uses a wide range of methodologies to better the design of systems and devices for human use. Underpinning all human factors design is the maxim to fit the human to the task/machine/system rather than vice versa. While some HFE methods such as task analysis and anthropometrics remain relatively fixed over time, areas such as human-technology interaction are strongly influenced by the fast-evolving technological trend. In times of big data, human factors engineers need to have a good understanding of topics like machine learning, advanced data analytics, and data visualization so that they can design data-driven products that involve big data sets. There is a natural lag between industrial trends and HFE curricula, leading to gaps between what people are taught and what they will need to know. In this paper, we present the results of a survey involving HFE practitioners (N=101) and we demonstrate the need for including data science and machine learning components in HFE curricula.

Technical mediation and digital technologies in construction practice

ABSTRACT Digital technologies and users of these technologies interact with each other in different ways. This study explores the influence of this interaction on users’ behavior in construction practice: where and how do digital technologies in construction interact with their users, and what is their effect? The theory of technical mediation is applied to understand these influences. This theory deepens the analysis of human-technology interactions by adding that humans and technologies co-shape each other. Based on a literature review and studies of construction projects, technologies such as Building Information Modelling, Radio Frequency Identification, and Augmented/Virtual Reality are studied. Mediating effects of these technologies are analyzed from two perspectives: from which side does technology grasp the human body, what are the force and visibility of these impacts? It is shown that digital technologies in construction practice play different ‘actant’ roles by influencing or directing users in certain directions: digital technologies become natural extensions of the body (physical influence), function as ‘quasi-others’ (cognitive influence) or determine possible human–technology interactions through a ‘decisive’ design (contextual influence). Different preconditions for successful implementing and using these technologies can be related to these actant roles.

Man at the centre of technology. A philosophical investigation of anthropological knowledge in man-machine-interfaces

The paper aims to examine the construction, circulation, and transformation of knowledge about man (anthropological knowledge) in human-technology interaction in the 20th century. The analysis focuses on the prerequisites of the industrial working world and its implicit knowledge about human beings. However, the basis and starting point of technical adaptation is usually ignored: The concepts of “man” and the anthropological knowledge gained experimentally from a anthropocentric designed interface. Based on the concept of an intuitive interface design this problem will be investigated. The questions posed by this article as well as the objectives associated with them open up an interdisciplinary framework between philosophy of technology, philosophical anthropology and history of science given that they not only focus – by means of historical reconstruction – on historical changes in technological developments. They also address the issue of generation and transformation of anthropological knowledge in the definitions and interactions of “man” and “technology”.

User Interface Pattern for AR in Industrial Applications

The background of the paper is that there are currently no specifications or guidelines for the design of a user interface for an augmented reality system in an industrial context. In this area, special requirements apply for the perception and recognition of content, which are given by the framework conditions of the industrial environment, the human–technology interaction, and the work task. This paper addresses the software-technical design of augmented reality surfaces in the industrial environment. The aim is to give first design examples for software tasks by means of sample solutions. For a user-oriented implementation, the methods of personas and an empirical investigation were used. Personas are a stereotypical representation of end users that reflect their characteristics and requirements. For the subsequent development of the pattern catalog, different prototypes with layout and interaction variants were tested in an empirical study with 50 participants. By observing the current realizations, these can be examined more closely in terms of their specific use in an industrial environment. The result is a pattern catalog with 26 solutions for layout and interaction variants. For the layout variants, no direct favorite of the testers could be ascertained; the existing solutions already offer a wide spectrum, which are chosen according to personal preferences. For interaction, on the other hand, it is important to enable fast input. During the study, gesture control revealed weaknesses in this regard. This can be supportive in the development of an industrial augmented reality system regarding a user-oriented representation of the interface.

Young people’s sharing of sexualized digital imagery

The ubiquity of smartphones and social media has introduced new ways of being connected and engaged in digitally mediated spaces, including the possibilities of exchanging private sexualized digital imagery – a practice known as ‘sexting’. In this paper, we study the ways in which young people’s engagement in both consensual and non-consensual sexting practices is facilitated – and sometimes even accelerated – by technology. Our study is based on focus group interviews with young people aged 16-21, 6 months of digital ethnography on social and digital media, and posts concerning sexting written by young people on Danish counselling websites. We draw on perspectives from postphenomenology and new materialism in order to focus on human-technology interactions and how digital technologies shape social processes and interactions when young people exchange sexualized digital images and videos. We attend to the ways the affordances of social media (e.g., spreadability, ephemerality and persistence) facilitate and mediate young people’s sharing of sexualized imagery and how the affects emerging through these processes produce intensities, fantasies and intimacies, which both motivate and accelerate these practices. Our analyses seek to refine current understandings of young people’s production and sharing of sexualized digital imagery. Moreover, we argue that there is a need for further development of psychological concepts and analyses that can adequately grasp the nuances of the complex digital and visual intimate, social, sexual processes of young people’s lives and advance the research field of sexting among young people.

Towards the Development of Digital Manufacturing Ecosystems for Sustainable Performance: Learning from the Past Two Decades of Research

Although the Internet of Things (IoT), advanced manufacturing technologies, and cloud manufacturing contribute to developing a digital manufacturing ecosystem that enhances energy efficiency and resource utilization, manufacturing processes are vulnerable to timely production and delivery. The digital manufacturing systems in Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) minimized the human-technology interactions to foster productivity and material flow. However, there is scarce research to gauge the efficiency of these digital technologies in the entire manufacturing process; also, little is known about the collaborative efforts among countries to achieve sustainable manufacturing performance through the digitalization of the production process. Thus, this systematic review aimed to highlight the effectiveness of the digital manufacturing systems for sustainable product development and the collaborative research on the subject. We selected 52 research articles for this review by following the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) statement. The literature classifications were developed using text frequency algorithms in VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands) Results exposed literature from 2005 to 2020 can be categorized into four major research streams: digital transformation, digital manufacturing ecosystem, performance management, and sustainability. The study’s findings revealed that the manufacturing processes are moving towards the IoT, digital devices, and smart factories that are entirely dependent on digital technologies. The digital manufacturing ecosystem is dependent on the availability of digital technologies to all stakeholders. The study concluded that digital technologies are improving manufacturing efficiency and process effectiveness. However, this requires infrastructure that primarily available in developed countries; thus, the digital transformation in underdeveloped regions is deliberate and requires more collaborative research.

Governance nell’innovazione: Sanità Digitale, Mobile Health, Big Data, Virtual Reality

The introduction of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) was one of the most remarkable innovations of recent decades. ICT brings with it a remarkable technological background that conveys all kinds of information and multimedia content with a significant change in human-technology interaction and significant implications also in the health sector. The constant process of digitization is increasingly affecting national health systems (SSN) and they turn out to be influenced by the process itself, where the literature shows itself in favor of the use of technologies in health, improving their effectiveness and efficiency. These include eHealth, Telemedicine, Electronic Health File, Big Data, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, ePrescription. The technologies allow, even remotely, to have an always active and direct contact, between the various professionals, and between professionals and users, and are also useful for the training of both healthcare professionals and users themselves. The use of technology in the healthcare sector should therefore be encouraged as it allows direct contacts between users and healthcare personnel, speed and correlation of data analysis, tracking, time and cost savings, reduction of errors and a positive environmental impact with a reduction in the use of printed paper. For all the points listed, the technological revolution in hospital and territorial care can no longer be postponed.

What makes AI ‘intelligent’ and ‘caring’? Exploring affect and relationality across three sites of intelligence and care

This paper scrutinises how AI and robotic technologies are transforming the relationships between people and machines in new affective, embodied and relational ways. Through investigating what it means to exist as human ‘in relation’ to AI across health and care contexts, we aim to make three main contributions. (1) We start by highlighting the complexities of philosophical issues surrounding the concepts of “artificial intelligence” and “ethical machines.” (2) We outline some potential challenges and opportunities that the creation of such technologies may bring in the health and care settings. We focus on AI applications that interface with health and care via examples where AI is explicitly designed as an ‘augmenting’ technology that can overcome human bodily and cognitive as well as socio-economic constraints. We focus on three dimensions of ‘intelligence’ - physical, interpretive, and emotional - using the examples of robotic surgery, digital pathology, and robot caregivers, respectively. Through investigating these areas, we interrogate the social context and implications of human-technology interaction in the interrelational sphere of care practice. (3) We argue, in conclusion, that there is a need for an interdisciplinary mode of theorising ‘intelligence’ as relational and affective in ways that can accommodate the fragmentation of both conceptual and material boundaries between human and AI, and human and machine. Our aim in investigating these sociological, philosophical and ethical questions is primarily to explore the relationship between affect, relationality and ‘intelligence,’ the intersection and integration of ‘human’ and ‘artificial’ intelligence, through an examination of how AI is used across different dimensions of intelligence. This allows us to scrutinise how ‘intelligence’ is ultimately conveyed, understood and (technologically or algorithmically) configured in practice through emerging relationships that go beyond the conceptual divisions between humans and machines, and humans vis-à-vis artificial intelligence-based technologies.

Menyoal Argumen Kebebasnilaian Teknologi dan Merumuskan Disiplin Ilmu Teknologi Islam

Abstract The notion that technology is value-free is becoming a prevalent view amongst the technology practitioners, as depicted in the phrase “guns don’t kill people, people do”. This is inseparable from the definition of technology which has been narrowed down to a mere tools/artifacts and the shortcomings inherent in the existing human-technology interaction model. This paper aims to re-discuss to which extent the value-free argument of technology holds true. Based on the worldview analysis, it is evident that technology is in fact value-laden. A more comprehensive human-technology interaction model is additionally proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the previous models. Having proven that technology is in fact value-laden, this paper then examines how the comprehensive teaching of Islam as a worldview can provide as a basis for the discipline of Islamic technology, i.e. a discipline of knowledge which aims to formulate how the worldview of Islam serves as the foundation for the technological development and (contemporary) technology evaluation. Some topics on the worldview of Islam that are relevant to the inventor and user of technology as well as its implementation on the practical level are addressed to show the wide-ranging scope of the discipline of Islamic technology.

Paradigm To Human Technology Interaction in Food Industry Service

Paradigm To Human Technology Interaction in Food Industry Service

Adaptivity and adaptability as design parameters of cognitive worker assistance for enabling agile assembly systems

Assembly processes are characterized by frequent changes and a high density of information being displayed to workers. These challenges necessitate cognitive worker assistance solutions that are individually and situatively adaptable. Adaptation in digital assistance is primarily based on the type of human-technology interaction, which essentially can be deterministic, adaptive or adaptable. Hence, this paper presents a method for determining the type of adaptation appropriate for functionalities of cognitive worker assistance in series production. Adaptivity and adaptability function as design parameters concerning dialog initiatives in system interaction. While adaptivity is characterized by system-initiated changes, adaptability implies an interaction initiative of the assembly operator. Based on defined functionalities according to product- and process-specific framework conditions, scenario-based characteristics are identified and categorized. Beside different user perspectives, information technology efforts for implementing assistance systems are examined to evaluate the potential for enabling agile assembly systems.

Человек и техника: новый антропологический поворот в культуре

The relevance of the study is associated with the need for a detailed analysis of the new anthropological foundations in culture in the context of the new sociocultural situation. It the context of the digitalization of culture, in modern philosophy, interest is shifting to the study of technologies and their impact on human life and behavior. Also, the problem of studying the essence of man, his nature and spirituality fades into the background. The aim of the research is to study the processes of transformation of human understanding in the context of human-technology interaction in digital culture, the direct impact of these processes on human perception and behavior. The author analyzes the processes of digitalization of culture. During analyzing the processes of digitalization of culture, the author relied on modern foreign theoretical and applied research, as well as on the hermeneutic method. This research is interdisciplinary, because it combines data from the fields of philosophy, neurophysiology and psychology. The researching is accompanying such factors as: the transformation of a person into a resource for making technological decisions, pseudo-economic positivism, the formation of a model of a schizoid personality, the dominance of neuroscientific explanations in the field of human nature. The author describes a neurobiological model for explaining human behavior, which considers a person in terms of determinism. The result of this model is a deterministic understanding of consciousness. These circumstances allow us to conclude about the delayed effects of the digitalization of culture, one of the essential in which is the ignorance of a person and his spirituality. The author concludes that a significant consequence of the digitalization of culture is a new anthropological turn in the understanding of man and his spirituality. This anthropological turn testifies to the need to return to man and his spirituality, the basis for the study of which will be the creation of a new direction in modern Russian philosophical anthropology, which is of an interdisciplinary nature. In the context of the digitalization of culture, a rethinking of the very concept of a person, the spiritual aspects of his existence in modern society and culture is required.

Man at the centre of technology. A philosophical investigation of anthropological knowledge in man-machine-interfaces

The paper aims to examine the construction, circulation, and transformation of knowledge about man (anthropological knowledge) in human-technology interaction in the 20th century. The analysis focuses on the prerequisites of the industrial working world and its implicit knowledge about human beings. However, the basis and starting point of technical adaptation is usually ignored: The concepts of “man” and the anthropological knowledge gained experimentally from a anthropocentric designed interface. Based on the concept of an intuitive interface design this problem will be investigated. The questions posed by this article as well as the objectives associated with them open up an interdisciplinary framework between philosophy of technology, philosophical anthropology and history of science given that they not only focus – by means of historical reconstruction – on historical changes in technological developments. They also address the issue of generation and transformation of anthropological knowledge in the definitions and interactions of “man” and “technology”.

Trust Toward Robots and Artificial Intelligence: An Experimental Approach to Human-Technology Interactions Online.

Robotization and artificial intelligence (AI) are expected to change societies profoundly. Trust is an important factor of human–technology interactions, as robots and AI increasingly contribute to tasks previously handled by humans. Currently, there is a need for studies investigating trust toward AI and robots, especially in first-encounter meetings. This article reports findings from a study investigating trust toward robots and AI in an online trust game experiment. The trust game manipulated the hypothetical opponents that were described as either AI or robots. These were compared with control group opponents using only a human name or a nickname. Participants (N = 1077) lived in the United States. Describing opponents with robots or AI did not impact participants’ trust toward them. The robot called jdrx894 was the most trusted opponent. Opponents named “jdrx894” were trusted more than opponents called “Michael.” Further analysis showed that having a degree in technology or engineering, exposure to robots online and robot use self-efficacy predicted higher trust toward robots and AI. Out of Big Five personality characteristics, openness to experience predicted higher trust, and conscientiousness predicted lower trust. Results suggest trust on robots and AI is contextual and it is also dependent on individual differences and knowledge on technology.

Understanding acceptance of eHealthcare by IoT natives and IoT immigrants: An integrated model of UTAUT, perceived risk, and financial cost

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern disruptive technological approach that connects devices and people in a smart way at any time and at any place. The development of IoT is forecast to generate high economic value, improve efficiency of enterprises’ operational processes, and benefit the personal and professional lives of its end users. This new model of human–technology interaction is under-researched, especially with regard to eHealth. The current study aims to close this research gap by investigating IoT adoption in eHealthcare from the customer perspective and by including financial cost in the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. The model is validated based on data collected from a randomly selected sample of 268 potential users of IoT-based healthcare devices in France. Structural modeling reveals that the cost of using IoT in eHealthcare is the key barrier to IoT adoption. Age is a significant mediator of customers’ intention to use IoT in eHealthcare and inspires the formulation of two new categories: IoT natives and IoT immigrants. The findings have practical application for IoT developers, policymakers, and potentially for marketers.

Smartphone-Based Experience Sampling in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Feasibility and Usability Study.

BackgroundDaily functioning of people with cognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is usually depicted by retrospective questionnaires, which can be memory-biased and neglect fluctuations over time or contexts.ObjectiveThis study examines the feasibility and usability of applying the experience sampling method (ESM) in people with MCI to provide a detailed and dynamic picture of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive patterns in everyday life.MethodsFor 6 consecutive days, 21 people with MCI used an ESM app on their smartphones. At 8 semi-random timepoints per day, participants filled in momentary questionnaires on mood, activities, social context, and subjective cognitive complaints. Feasibility was determined through self-reports and observable human-technology interactions. Usability was demonstrated on an individual and group level.ResultsOf the 21 participants, 3 dropped out due to forgetting to carry their smartphones or forgetting the study instructions. In the remaining 18 individuals, the compliance rate was high, at 78.7%. Participants reported that momentary questions reflected their daily experiences well. Of the 18 participants, 13 (72%) experienced the increase in awareness of their own memory functions as pleasant or neutral.ConclusionsSupport was found for the general feasibility of smartphone-based experience sampling in people with MCI. However, many older adults with MCI are currently not in possession of smartphones, and study adherence seems challenging for a minority of individuals. Momentary data can increase the insights into daily patterns and may guide the person-tailored development of self-management strategies in clinical settings.

Measuring hospital process service quality: emerging technologies’ challenge

PurposeIn the mobile internet era, the path and mechanism of hospital patient-perceived quality have been changed radically. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale that adequately captures the characteristics of hospital service quality from the patient’s perspective under the background of the mobile internet.Design/methodology/approachBased on previous related research and interviews with focus groups, this paper conceptualized, constructed, refined and tested a multiple-item scale that examined key dimensions of hospital process service quality in the mobile context. To validate this scale, data were collected through two formal surveys in Chinese hospitals and were used to test the reliability and validity of the instrument.FindingsThe final measurement scale contains three dimensions, that is, environment conditions, attitude and behavior and technical convenience. With the help of this quality scale, hospital managers could have a better understanding of patients’ expectations under the new condition and pinpoint appropriate initiatives to fill the service gap.Originality/valueThis study focuses on service quality measurement issues related to the application of mobile internet technology in traditional clinical settings, such as hospitals. This paper develops an original and specific service quality scale that catches the online and offline characteristics of the hospital process in the mobile setting and considers both human-technology interaction and human-human interaction.