Human Stomach Cancer Cell Line Research Articles

Isolation of a new iso-quinoline alkaloid and cytotoxicity studies of pure compounds and crude extracts of Ravenia spectabilis engl

A new 2-quinolone alkaloid, iso-oligophyline (1), and two very unusual C34 terpenoids, proposed names ravespanol (2) and ravespanone (3), along with two known compounds, β-sitosterol (4), and methyl linoleate (5), were isolated from the leaf extract of Ravenia spectabilis engl. Methyl linoleate constitutes the first report of isolation from this species. We have already reported the isolation of atanine (6), oligophyline (7), ravenoline (8), and arborinine (9) from the plant. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometric analysis, the structure of the isolated chemicals was determined. The crude fractions and four compounds (6,7,8 and 9) were evaluated for a cytotoxicity study on a panel of six human stomach cancer cell lines (SCL, SCL-6, SCL-37′6, SCL-9, K-3, N21) by MTT assay. Among the plant extracts and isolated compounds, petroleum ether fraction and compound 7 exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against SCL and SCL-6 cells, where the IC50 values were 17.9 and 16.56 μM, respectively.

Chromatin Remodeling-Related PRDM1 Increases Stomach Cancer Proliferation and Is Counteracted by Bromodomain Inhibitor.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are some of the main public health threats to the world. Even though surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy are available for their treatments, these approaches provide limited success in reducing mortality, making the identification of additional therapeutic targets mandatory. Chromatin remodeling in cancer has long been studied and related therapeutics are widely used, although less is known about factors with prognostic and therapeutic potential in such areas as gastrointestinal cancers. Through applying systematic bioinformatic analysis, we determined that out of 31 chromatin remodeling factors in six gastrointestinal cancers, only PR/SET domain 1 (PRDM1) showed both expression alteration and prognosis prediction. Analyses on pathways, therapies, and mediators showed that cell cycle, bromodomain inhibitor IBET151, and BET protein BRD4 were, respectively involved in PRDM1-high stomach cancer, while cell line experiments validated that PRDM1 knockdown in human stomach cancer cell line SNU-1 decreased its proliferation, BRD4 expression, and responsiveness to IBET151; accordingly, these results indicate the contribution by PRDM1 in stomach cancer formation and its association with BRD4 modulation as well as BET inhibitor treatment.

STUDY ON ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND ETHANOL EXTRACT’S FROM ARTEMISIA SCOPARIA WALDST.et KIT GROWN IN MONGOLIA

Mongolia is rich in medicinal plants. Essential oils of aromatic and medicinal plants generally have a diverse range of activities because they possess many active constituents that work through a several modes of action. Artemisia, the largest genus of the family Asteraceae, has a number of effects against human and plant diseases [8].This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant, cytotoxic activities of aerial parts ethanol extracts from Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit grown in Mongolia. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the essential oil and ethanol extract was determined by using DPPH and MTT assays. The ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than essential oil. The essential oil of Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit with a concentration of 150 mg/ml or 3μg/disk inhibits the growth of S.enterica 10.6±0.58 mm, B.subtillus 11.6±1.15 mm, and has a moderate bacterial activity.The half-lethal dose (IC50) 56.542 μg/ml is of essential oil of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et. Kit, so essential oil of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et. Kit is active in inhibiting of liver cancer cell line (HepG2).The half-lethal dose (IC50) 72.611 μg / ml is of essential oil Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et. Kit, which has the active in inhibiting the growth of human stomach cancer cell line (AGS).The results clearly showed that the essential oil presented satisfactory cytotoxic activity against human stomach cancer cell line AGS. Our work revealed that the ethanol extracts and essential oil of Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit grown in Mongolia has potential as sources of new antioxidant, and cytotoxic compounds, respectively.

Structural, functional, and anti-cancer properties of conjugates of quinoa protein isolate and olive leaf polyphenolic extract: Application in production of bread

Plant-based proteins are of growing interest in the food industry as an alternative to replace animal based ones, however, their functional properties are limited and research is needed in order to improve emulsifying, foaming, solubility properties. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the impacts of complexation between quinoa protein isolate (QPI) and different concentrations of olive leaf polyphenolic extract (OLE) (0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, 0.4 %, and 0.5 %) on the structural changes, functional properties, and in-vitro gastric digestion of QPI. The cytotoxicity of the hydrolyzed QPI/OLE complex, in which proteins turn to bioactive peptides, was evaluated using human stomach cancer cell lines. Additionally, bread using optimum QPI/OLE complex was produced and textural, sensorial, and color properties were evaluated. Fluorescence quenching and surface hydrophobicity measurements showed that QPI and OLE were complexed mainly through hydrophobic interactions. SDS-PAGE revealed that the complexation between the protein and phenolic compounds was appropriate and also complexes were highly digestible in stomach-like conditions. Additionally, OLE could enhance solubility, foaming as well as emulsification properties of QPI significantly. The rate of lipid hydroperoxide formation in QPI/OLE samples containing greater amounts of OLE was also reduced significantly. QPI/OLE complexes also exhibited a large potential to scavenge free radicals. In-vitro digestion experiment showed that the addition of OLE to the QPI solution promoted the production of bioactive peptides. According to the anti-cancer results, hydrolyzed QPI/OLE complexes exhibited a greater cell survival reduction in comparison to the OLE alone. Analysis of produced bread also revealed that the hardness of samples decreased with addition of QPI/OLE complexes. This study demonstrated that QPI/OLE complex shows the potential to be developed by food industry as a tailor-made functional food with health benefits. • Hydrophobic interactions were the main interaction mechanism between QPI and OLE. • Addition of OLE improved the solubility of QPI, significantly. • Complexation with OLE promoted the production of bioactive peptides during digestion. • Digested QPI/OLE complex exhibited a greater human stomach cancer cell survival reduction in comparison to the OLE alone. • Bread with QPI/OLE complexes was made without negative changes in bread’s properties.

Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Studies of the Essential Oil and Ethanol Extract of Aerial Parts of Artemisia rutifolia Steph.ex. Spreng

Mongolia is rich in medicinal plants. In recent years, interest in plant-derived food additives has grown. This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant, cytotoxic activities of aerial parts ethanol extracts from Artemisia rutifolia Steph.ex Spreng grown in Mongolia. The essential oil composition variability of A.rutifolia Steph.ex Spreng aerial parts collected from three different slopes of Kharkhiraa mountain was assessed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Chromatographic analysis of A.rutifolia Steph.ex Spreng essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by santolina triene, β-myrcene. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the essential oil and ethanol crude extracts were determined by using DPPH and MTT assays. The antioxidant activity of A.rutifolia Steph.ex Spreng ethanol extract is 2.12 times higher than the antioxidant activity of the essential oil. The essential oil of A.rutifolia Steph.ex Spreng with a concentration of 150 mg/ml or 3μg/disk inhibits the growth of S.enterica 9.3 ± 0.76 mm, B.subtillus 10.3 ± 0.58 mm, S.aureus 9.6 ± 1.5 mm and has a moderate bacterial activity. The results clearly showed that the essential oil presented satisfactory cytotoxic activity against two human tumor cell lines HepG2 (human liver cancer cell line); AGS (human stomach cancer cell line). Our work revealed that the ethanol extracts and essential oil of Artemisia ritifolia Steph.ex Spreng grown in Mongolia has potential as sources of new antioxidant, and cytotoxic compounds, respectively. Essential oil of A.rutifolia Steph.ex Spreng contains caryophylline-7.19% and caryophylline oxide-5.82%, so the essential oil at a dose of 25 mg/ ml inhibits the growth of human stomach cancer cell (AGS). The results of the study were certified by the utility model certificate of “Soap Fragrance Elixir” with the registration number 20-003068.

Evaluation of the circadian rhythms of activity in mice implanted with human stomach cancer cell lines.

Evaluation of the circadian rhythms of activity in mice implanted with human stomach cancer cell lines.

Biogenic and eco-benign synthesis of silver nanoparticles using jujube core extract and its performance in catalytic and pharmaceutical applications: Removal of industrial contaminants and in-vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been rapidly developed in various fields, due to their broad spectrum of applications in the fields of environmental, pharmacology, and medicine. In this study, facile, rapid, eco-friendly and cost-effective method was used to green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using jujube core extract (AgNPs- JCE ) and then used as antibacterial, anticancer and catalytic agents. The reaction parameters such as AgNO 3 concentration (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM), reaction time (5, 30 and 60 min) and pH (without pH, 10 and 12) were discussed and optimized. The surface plasmon resonance peak at about 420 nm in the UV–Vis absorption spectrum confirmed the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Microscopic results revealed that the synthesized AgNPs- JCE were spherical in morphology with a size range of 25–35 nm.In addition, the subject AgNPs promising catalytic properties in the degradation of pollutants including rhodamine b (RhB) and eriochrome black T (EBT) as cationic and anionic contaminant under UV and visible light irradiations. The photocatalyst (AgNPs- JCE ) exhibited the degradation of 90.9 % and 84.7% for RhB and EBT contaminants after 80 min under UV irradiation, respectively. The antibacterial activities of AgNPs- JCE was checked against E. coli as Gram-positive bacteria and K. pneumoniae and S. aureus as Gram-negative bacteria with MIC and MBC values of (1.26 and 1.26 μ g/ml), (2.5 and 2.5 μ g/ml), and (2.5 and 10 μ g/ml), respectively. Finally, the cytotoxicity of synthesized nanoparticles against AGS as human stomach cancer cell line was determined at several concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μ g/ml) using MTT assay. Finding of this research suggested the suitability of AgNPs- JCE as pollutants degradation, antibacterial and anticancer drug development. • First report of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesis using jujube core extract. • Green synthesized of AgNPs was analyzed by UV/Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDS, FESEM and TEM. • Exhibited potential photocatalytic degradation in rhodamine b (RhB) and eriochrome black T (EBT) under both UV and sunlight irradiations. • Biosynthesized AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. • AgNPs exhibited excellent anticancer activity against AGS as human stomach cancer cell line.

New chalcone-type compounds and 2-pyrazoline derivatives: synthesis and caspase-dependent anticancer activity.

Aim: There is a continuous and urgent need for new anticancer agents with novel structures and target selectivity. Methods & results: The anticancer activity of the prepared compounds was assessed against human lung (A549) and stomach (AGS) cancer cell lines and evaluated in the noncancer human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line. 2-Pyrazolines were devoid of toxicity in all cell lines used, chalcones bearing a β-(benz)imidazole moiety being toxic toward AGS cell line. Mechanistic studies showed that these compounds trigger loss of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, while eliciting morphological traits compatible with regulated cell death, which was ultimately shown to derive from caspase activation, specifically caspase-3. Conclusion: Chalcones 1-3 have been identified as new and promising anticancer agents toward the AGS cell line.

自発運動はヒト胃がん細胞株85As2誘発性がん悪液質に関連する心機能障害を改善する

自発運動はヒト胃がん細胞株85As2誘発性がん悪液質に関連する心機能障害を改善する

Integrated transcriptome and in vitro analysis revealed anti-proliferative effect of citral in human stomach cancer through apoptosis

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, particularly stomach cancer is third most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Citral possesses anti-tumor activity in various cancer cell lines, However its effect toward stomach cancer and its mechanism of action is have yet to be elucidated. The goal of the present study is to elucidate the role of citral in stomach cancer using transcriptome and in vitro approaches. We performed transcriptome analysis using RNA-seq and explored its capability to persuade apoptosis in AGS human stomach cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the enrichment and KEGG pathway results suggested that there are several genes involved to induce apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, our study also demonstrated that citral arrested colony formation and migration of cancer cells significantly than that of untreated cells. RNA-seq revealed a total of 125 million trimmed reads obtained from both control and citral treated groups respectively. A total number of 612 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified which includes 216 genes up-regulated and 396 genes down-regulated genes after treatment. The enrichment analysis identified DEGs genes from transcriptome libraries including cell death, cell cycle, apoptosis and cell growth. The present study showed the significant inhibition effect upon citral by regulating various genes involved in signaling pathways, inhibits metastasis, colony formation and induced apoptosis both in silico and in vitro.

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells.

Telomeres are transcribed, giving rise to telomeric repeat-containing long noncoding RNAs (TERRA), which have been proposed to play important roles in telomere biology, including heterochromatin formation and telomere length homeostasis. Recent findings revealed that TERRA molecules also interact with internal chromosomal regions to regulate gene expression in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. In line with this evidence, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) analyses have shown that only a subset of TERRA transcripts localize at chromosome ends. A better understanding of the dynamics of TERRA molecules will help define their function and mechanisms of action. Here, we describe a method to label and visualize single-telomere TERRA transcripts in cancer cells using the MS2-GFP system. To this aim, we present a protocol to generate stable clones, using the AGS human stomach cancer cell line, containing MS2 sequences integrated at a single subtelomere. Transcription of TERRA from the MS2-tagged telomere results in the expression of MS2-tagged TERRA molecules that are visualized by live-cell fluorescence microscopy upon co-expression of a MS2 RNA-binding protein fused to GFP (MS2-GFP). This approach enables researchers to study the dynamics of single-telomere TERRA molecules in cancer cells, and it can be applied to other cell lines.

Anti-proliferative activity of Origanum vulgare inhibited lipogenesis and induced mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in human stomach cancer cell lines.

Origanum vulgare commonly known as oregano belongs to mint family (Laminaceae), and native to temperate western and mediterranean region. In our present study, we have identified the bio-active principles of oregano essential oil (EO) and evaluated its apoptotic effects against human stomach cancer cell lines (AGS). The EO altered colony forming characteristics of cancer cell, migration ability of cancer cell and thus prevented cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, to evaluate the molecular mechanism involved in cancer cell death, we studied the genes that are involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis pathway including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), Acetyl CoA synthase (ACC), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SPREPB1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) respectively. The pathway genes such as HMGCR, ACC, SPREPB1 and FASN decreased in transcript profile and protein accumulation resulting in the inhibition of cell growth. The increase of BAX expression and downregulation of BCL2 expression indicated that oregano EO induced mitochondrial mediated apoptosis. In addition, the cancer cell undergone apoptosis was also confirmed by Hoechst, PI staining and DNA fragmentation. The present study finds rationale to use the oregano EO for stomach cancer treatments in traditional medicinal practice.

Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Absolute Configuration of Germacrane Isomers from Carpesium divaricatum

Five sets of germacrane isomers (1/8/17, 2/7/10/11/13/16/18, 3/4/5/14/20, 6/12/15, and 9/19) with different skeletal types, including seven new ones (1–3, 8–9, and 15–16) were isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium divaricatum. Among them, there are six pairs of stereoisomers (1/8, 2/13, 4/14, 6/12, 7/11 and 10/11). The planar structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 4, 10, 11, and 17 were established by circular dichroism (CD) spectra and X-ray crystallographic analyses, and the stereochemistry of the new compounds 1–3, 8–9, and 15–16 were determined by similar CD spectra with 4, 10, 11, and 17, respectively. The confusion in the literature about subtypes I and II of germacranolides was clarified in this paper. The NMR data of 10–11, and the absolute configurations of the known compounds 4–6, 13–14, and 17–20 were reported for the first time. Compounds 13, 17, and 18 showed cytotoxicity against human cervical (HeLa), colon (LoVo) and stomach cancer (BGC-823) cell lines with IC50 values in the range 4.72–13.68 μM compared with the control cis-platin (7.90–15.34 μM).

Diterpenoids from Wedelia prostrata and Their Derivatives and Cytotoxic Activities

One new ent-kaurane diterpenoid, 11β,16α-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (1), together with eight known analogues 2 - 9 were isolated from the aerial parts of Wedelia prostrata. One of the acidic diterpenoids, kaurenoic acid (3), was converted to seven derivatives, 10 - 16. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in vitro against human leukemia (K562), liver (HepG-2), and stomach (SGC-7901) cancer cell lines. Only four kaurenoic acid derivatives, 13 - 16, with 15-keto and substitutions at C(19) position, exhibited notable cytotoxic activities on these tumor cell lines with IC50 value ranging from 0.05 to 3.71 μm. Compounds 10 - 12, with oxime on C(15) showed moderate inhibitory effects and compounds 1 - 9 showed no cytotoxicities on them. Structure-activity relationships were also discussed based on the experimental data obtained. The known derivative, 15-oxokaurenoic acid 4-piperdin-1-ylbutyl ester (17), induced typical apoptotic cell death in colon SW480 cells upon evaluation of the apoptosis-inducing activity by flow-cytometric analysis.

Isolation and Identification of an Antiproliferative Compound from Fructose-Tryptophan Maillard Reaction Products.

This study was performed to isolate and identify a compound with antiproliferative activity against human stomach cancer cell lines, from fructose-tryptophan Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The MRPs, prepared from a fructose-tryptophan solution heated at 130 °C for 2 h, were fractionated into five solvent fractions: n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The highest antiproliferative activity was found in the chloroform fraction (85.93% at 200 μg/mL), and the active compound from this chloroform fraction was purified by silica gel column chromatography, TLC, and preparative HPLC. The antiproliferative activity (IC50) of the active compound was 42.24 μg/mL, and the active compound was identified as perlolyrine (C16H10N2O2) by (1)H/(13)C NMR, DEPT, HMBC, and LC-ESI-MS. Therefore, this research may be useful in developing perlolyrine as a functional therapeutic agent.

A flavonoid compound from Chrysosplenium nudicaule inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of the human stomach cancer cell line SGC-7901

Context: Gastric cancer remains highly prevalent, but treatment options are limited. Natural products have proved to be a rich source of anticancer drugs. Chrysosplenium nudicaule Ledeb. (Saxifragaceae) is a perennial herb that grows in the highlands of China. It has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat digestive diseases for hundreds of years. Recent studies revealed that this herb had anticancer activity, and the flavonoids were speculated to be the effective components. 6,7,3′-Trimethoxy-3,5,4′-trihydroxy flavone (TTF) and 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,6,3′trimethoxy-flavone-7-O-β-d-glucoside (DTFG) are flavonoid compounds isolated from Chrysosplenium nudicaule.Objective: This study examined the effect of TTF and DTFG on SGC-7901 human stomach cancer cell in vitro to determine the anticancer and induction of apoptosis properties of TTF.Materials and methods: The proliferation of cells treated with 32, 16, 8, 4, and 2 μg/mL of TTF or DTFG for 24, 48, and 72 h was assessed by the MTT assay. After being treated with TTF, the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells was assessed by acridine orange staining, ultrastructure, electrophoresis of DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry.Results: Results indicated that TTF inhibited the growth of cancer cells with an IC50 value of 8.33 μg/mL after 72 h incubation. However, DTFG showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of the cancer cell. Further studies on TTF also confirmed that it was able to induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells at a concentration as low as 4 μg/mL.Discussion and conclusion: The apoptotic effect of TTF makes it a promising candidate for future chemotherapeutic application in treating stomach cancer.

Eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Inonotus obliquus and their antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities

A simple and rapid synthetic methodology for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed using the extracts of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) at room temperature without the use of deleterious agents. The AuNPs were spherical, triangle, hexagonal, and rod shaped with a mean diameter of 23nm. The eco-friendly synthesized AuNPs showed excellent antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity against the MCF-1 human breast cancer cell line and NCI-N87 human stomach cancer cell line.

Cytotoxic dimeric quinolone–terpene alkaloids from the root bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa

Four quinolone–terpene alkaloids, chelerybulgarine (1), 2′-episimulanoquinoline (3), 2,11-didemethoxyvepridimerine B (4), and rhetsidimerine (5) were isolated from the root bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC. Chelerybulgarine (1) is a C–C linked terpene alkaloid where the C-6 of dihydrochelerythrine is linked to C-11 of the sesquiterpenoid 10β-methoxybulgarene. 2′-Episimulanoquinoline is a dimeric alkaloid containing dihydrochelerythrine and 8-methoxy-N-methylflindersine moieties, whereas 2,11-didemethoxyvepridimerine B and rhetsidimerine are dimeric prenylated quinolone alkaloids. Seven of the isolated compounds exhibited weak cytotoxicity when tested against a panel of six human stomach-cancer cell lines.

New cancer cachexia rat model generated by implantation of a peritoneal dissemination-derived human stomach cancer cell line

Cancer cachexia (CC), a syndrome characterized by anorexia and body weight loss due to low fat-free mass levels, including reduced musculature, markedly worsens patient quality of life. Although stomach cancer patients have the highest incidence of cachexia, few experimental models for the study of stomach CC have been established. Herein, we developed stomach CC animal models using nude rats subcutaneously implanted with two novel cell lines, i.e., MKN45c185, established from the human stomach cancer cell line MKN-45, and 85As2, derived from peritoneal dissemination of orthotopically implanted MKN45c185 cells in mice. Both CC models showed marked weight loss, anorexia, reduced musculature and muscle strength, increased inflammatory markers, and low plasma albumin levels; however, CC developed earlier and was more severe in rats implanted with 85As2 than in those implanted with MKN45cl85. Moreover, human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a known cachectic factor, and hypothalamic orexigenic peptide mRNA levels increased in the models, whereas hypothalamic anorexigenic peptide mRNA levels decreased. Surgical removal of the tumor not only abolished cachexia symptoms but also reduced plasma LIF levels to below detectable limits. Importantly, oral administration of rikkunshito, a traditional Japanese medicine, substantially ameliorated CC-related anorexia and body composition changes. In summary, our novel peritoneal dissemination-derived 85As2 rat model developed severe cachexia, possibly caused by LIF from cancer cells, that was ameliorated by rikkunshito. This model should provide a useful tool for further study into the mechanisms and treatment of stomach CC.

Inhibitory Effects of Isoflavones on Tumor Growth and Cachexia in Newly Established Cachectic Mouse Models Carrying Human Stomach Cancers

Cachexia, a negative prognostic factor, worsens a patient's quality of life. We established 2 novel cachexia models with the human stomach cancer cell line MKN-45, which was subcloned to produce potent cachexia-inducing cells by repeating the xenografts in immune-deficient mice. After subsequent xenografts, we isolated potent cachexia-inducing cells (MKN45cl85 and 85As2mLuc). Xenografts of MKN45cl85 cells in mice led to substantial weight loss and reduced adipose tissue and musculature volumes, whereas xenografts of 85As2mLuc cells resulted in highly metastatic and cachectic mice. Surgical removal of tumor tissues helped the mice regain body-weight in both mouse models. In vitro studies using these cells showed that isoflavones reduced their proliferation, implying that the isoflavones possess antiproliferative effects of these cancer cell lines. Isoflavone treatment on the models induced tumor cytostasis, attenuation of cachexia, and prolonged survival whereas discontinuation of the treatment resulted in progressive tumor growth and weight loss. The inhibitory effects of tumor growth and weight loss by isoflavones were graded as soy isoflavone aglycone AglyMax > daidzein > genistein. These results demonstrated that the 2 novel cachectic mouse models appear useful for analyzing the mechanism of cancer cachexia and monitoring the efficacy of anticachectic agents.