Stature Research Articles

A Case of Syringomyelia Presenting With Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency

Introduction: An association between isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and syringomelia as pathologic entities has previously been described in pediatric and adult populations. In these cases, patients often have progressive motor or sensory disturbances and are noted to have a Chiari I Malformation (CIM). We report a case of an otherwise asymptomatic male presenting with short stature due to isolated GHD with an associated large holocord syrinx and obstructed cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) without a classic CIM. Case Report: An otherwise healthy 4.5 year old male presenting for upper respiratory …

Human stature in the Near East and Europe ca. 10,000\u20131000\xa0BC: its spatiotemporal development in a Bayesian errors-in-variables model

A sample of 6098 published prehistoric skeletons consisting of long bone lengths, stature estimated from them using three different methods, as well as recalculated stature data created with other methods, was used to model tempo-spatial variance of stature in the Holocene prehistory of the Near East and Europe. Bayesian additive mixed modeling with errors-in-variables was applied, fitting a global spatiotemporal trend using a tensor product spline approach, a local random effect for the archaeological sites and corrections for mismeasurement and misclassification of covariates to obtain stature isoline maps for various time slices and diachronic stature trend curves for various regions. Models calculated for maximum long bone lengths and for stature are all largely consistent with each other, so Bayesian errors-in-variables models can be regarded as a viable means of smoothing regional and temporal variance in skeletal data as well as in estimation methods so that only robust trends become manifest. In addition to a general northwest-southeast gradient in stature, tallest stature in Eurasia and declining stature in Iberia confirms archaeogenetic insights. Transition to farming shows stable, decreasing, or even increasing stature depending on the region and the mode of Neolithization, putting into question the common assumption of a general negative effect of Neolithic lifeways on physical health. Particularly, Northern Europe experienced a rise in stature after the 4th millennium BC. Likely caused by both genetics as well as generally improving living conditions, our findings date the origin of the modern NW-SE gradient in stature to around 3000 BC.

Knowing savagery: Australia and the anatomy of race

When Australia was circumnavigated by Europeans in 1801–02, French and British natural historians were unsure how to describe the Indigenous peoples who inhabited the land they charted and catalogued. Ideas of race and of savagery were freely deployed by both British and French, but a discursive shift was underway. While the concept of savagery had long been understood to apply to categories of human populations deemed to be in want of more historically advanced ‘civilisation’, the application of this term in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was increasingly being correlated with the emerging terminology of racial characteristics. The terminology of race was still remarkably fluid, and did not always imply fixed physical or mental endowments or racial hierarchies. Nonetheless, by means of this concept, natural historians began to conceptualise humanity as subject not only to historical gradations, but also to the environmental and climatic variations thought to determine race. This in turn meant that the degree of savagery or civilisation of different peoples could be understood through new criteria that enabled physical classification, in particular by reference to skin colour, hair, facial characteristics, skull morphology, or physical stature: the archetypal criteria of race. While race did not replace the language of savagery, in the early years of the 19th century savagery was re-inscribed by race.

PGR - 3 Adapting Neuropsychological Evaluation for a Complex Pediatric Patient with Challenging Behaviors

Abstract Objective The detrimental impact of in utero substance use on developing fetuses manifests well into adolescence (Wu, Ju, & Lu, 2011; Minnes, Lang, & Singer, 2011). Likewise, the effects of early childhood neglect during critical developmental periods may be long lasting (de Bellis, et al., 2009; Hildyard & Wolfe, 2002). Factors such as these may require creative adaptation of assessment. This case illustrates the process of evaluating a child presenting with an unusual developmental history and extremely challenging behaviors and describes efforts to maintain engagement while eliciting valid data. Successful and unsuccessful interventions will be reviewed. Method Patient is a 12-year-old Caucasian male admitted to a state psychiatric hospital with a complex presentation of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties. Aggravating factors consist of likely in utero drug and alcohol exposure, early trauma, chronic neglect, and unusually small physical stature. Neuropsychological evaluation was completed over the course of five days. Testing sessions were brief, on a unit where no one was present, and were structured using both intermittent and scheduled reinforcement to maintain effort and engagement. Results Testing indicated significant and consistent weaknesses in executive functioning, learning, memory, and attention. Despite the use of stimulant medication, difficulty with vigilance, sustained attention, and impulsivity persisted. Diagnoses were Neurodevelopmental Disorder associated with prenatal substance exposure, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined presentation, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Moderate. Conclusions Unconventional history warrants unconventional approach to assessment. Recommendations included not only approaches to improving his attention, but just as important, strategies to elicit his best performance in various settings.

Short height and poor education increase the risk of dementia in Nigerian type 2 diabetic women

IntroductionThere is urgent need to investigate type 2 diabetes and dementia crosstalk in sub-Saharan African countries with special attention to women who have higher vulnerability. Nigeria which has the highest number of diabetics on the African continent is a good location for the investigation.MethodsBiophysical parameters, occupation, education, burden of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular health, and cognition were evaluated in 102 type 2 diabetics and 99 controls.ResultsShort physical stature and lower level of education were hallmarks of diabetes in females. Two dementia scales (Mini–Mental State Examination and six-item Cognitive Impairment Test) showed cognitive impairment status, with the six-item Cognitive Impairment Test scale being more specific and sensitive. Both scales showed correlations with age, education, weight, height, and disease onset, whereas fasten blood glucose was negatively correlated with height and their blood pressure was normal.DiscussionHeight, an easy-to-measure parameter in Nigeria, may reveal increased risk of dementia in poorly educated female Nigerian diabetics, thus helping to improve preventive and therapeutic interventions.

A Review: On Human Short Stature

A Review: On Human Short Stature

Secular trends in adult stature among the Makushi of Guyana in the 20th Century.

This study describes secular trends in physical stature, Cormic Index (CI), and body mass index (BMI) of adult Makushi Amerindians born between 1910 and 1980, compares the stature of these Makushi adults to Makushi adults measured in 1921, and provides contextual data to inform the findings. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between year of birth and physical stature, BMI, and CI for 231 females and 113 males, 20 to 90 years of age measured in 2000 to 2001. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare physical stature of Makushi adults measured in 2000 to 2001 with that of 40 Makushi adults measured in 1921. Among Makushi measured in 2000 to 2001, females and males born more recently were taller and had a lower CI but did not differ in BMI relative to their elders. Makushi measured in 2000 to 2001 are significantly taller than those Maksuhi measured in 1921. The increased physical stature of and decreased CI in more recently born Makushi may be explained by a more favorable early life environment possibly due to public health measures and dietary changes. As well, trends in stature may be linked to genetic admixture with African-Guyanese migrating into the region during this time.

Correlation of Stature with Cephalofacial Measurements

Tinggi badan merupakan parameter antropometri yang dapat digunakan dalam penentuan status gizi dan identifikasi jenazah. Pada individu dengan kondisi yang tidak memungkinkan dilakukan pengukuran tinggi badan secara konvensional dibutuhkan suatu metode pengukuran tinggi badan alternatif. Salah satu metode pengukuran tinggi badan alternatif yaitu surrogate height measurement. Surrogate height measurement dapatdiukurmenggunakan formula khusus berdasarkan ukuran tulang, misalnya ukuran antropometri cephalofacial. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptifobservasionaldengandesainpotong-lintang. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran lebar maksimal kepala, lingkar kepala horizontal, lebar minimal dahi, dan tinggi badan pada 110 subjek perempuan dan 57 subjek laki-laki. Data dianalisis dengan uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, uji korelasi Pearson antara tinggi badan dan parameter antropometri cephalofacial, dan uji regresi linier untuk mendapatkan model prediksi tinggi badan.Hasil uji korelasi Pearson antara lingkar kepala horizontal dan tinggi badan, baik dengan atau tanpa stratifikasi jenis kelamin bermakna signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil uji korelasi Pearson antara lebar maksimal kepala dan tinggi badan pada populasi total dan kelompok perempuan bermakna signifikan (p<0,05), sementara pada kelompok laki-laki korelasi tidak bermakna signifikan (p>0,05). Hasil uji korelasi Pearson antara lebar dahi minimal dan tinggi badan, baik dengan atau tanpa stratifikasi jenis kelamin tidak bermakna signifikan (p>0,05).Tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara lebar minimal dahi dan tinggi badan.Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara lingkar kepala horizontal danlebarmaksimalkepalaterhadaptinggi badan.

Stature estimation from foot anthropometric measurements in Bangladeshi population.

Estimating human stature is a major concern to formulate a biological profile which provides effective data for forensic identification. This research was aimed to generate a formula for estimating stature from human foot anthropometry. This study was conducted in selected 150 male and 150 female subjects within the range of 18 to 60years randomly. From each subject, stature and seven-foot measurements were taken by applying the standard technique. Stature was estimated from foot measurements by using linear and multiple regression equations. The result showed that each foot measurement was significantly (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with stature. Bilateral difference among male and female was not significant (p < 0.05). Multiple regression models showed better accuracy in estimating stature than linear regression models. In conclusion, it can be said that human stature can be successfully estimated by using foot measurements which can be applied in forensic investigation.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОГО «ДЛИННЫЙ (LONG / ОЗЫН)» В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И ТАТАРСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

The article examines the functioning of the parametric adjective long / озын in the English and Tatar languages. The author identifies similarities and differences between the languages in expressing the length of vertical and horizontal objects. The findings lead to the conclusion that isomorphism in the English and Tatar languages manifests itself while characterizing objects having the horizontal length. Allomorphism takes place while characterizing a human being according to stature. When identifying human stature, in the Tatar language a human being is usually viewed from above, and in the English language - from the bottom upwards.

Parametric design of garment pattern based on body dimensions

Garment pattern-making is one of the most important parts in fashion design and production. However, the traditional pattern-making is an experience based work and very time-consuming. In this paper, we proposed a parametric design method of garment pattern based on body dimensions. Based on this method, we constructed a jeans' pattern recommendation system. The input items of the proposed system are three geometric constraint parameters (jean silhouette type, length and waist height) and three-dimensional constraint parameters (human body stature, waist girth and hip girth); the output of the proposed system are jeans' patterns. Also, four adjustable parameters (jeans' length, waist height, knee and leg opening) are designed to adjust patterns generated by the proposed system. If the jeans' pattern is not satisfying after virtual or real try-on, the adjustable input parameters of the proposed system can be applied for adjustment until the patterns are acceptable. Our proposed system can combine traditional pattern-making methods to generate jeans’ patterns automatically and rapidly, hence improving pattern-making efficiency significantly.

ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DE PACIENTES COM O VÍRUS DA IMUNODEFICIÊNCIA ADQUIRIDA HOSPITALIZADOS

Objetivo: este trabalho avaliou o estado nutricional e a capacidade funcional de pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida hospitalizados. Metodologia: Estudo transversal e descritivo realizado nas enfermarias de Infectologia, com pacientes HIV (Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana), com idade igual ou superior a19 anos (n = 87). As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade, desfecho, tempo de internamento, diagnóstico secundário, presença de comorbidade, peso, estatura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), circunferência do braço, circunferência muscular do braço, área muscular do braço, dobra cutânea triciptal, força de preensão manual e espessura do músculo adutor do polegar. Resultados: No estudo, 64,4% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 39,24±10,45 anos. O risco nutricional foi observado em 64,4% dos casos. Houve prevalência de desnutrição, segundo o IMC, em 25,3% dos pacientes, mas essa prevalência alcançou 78,2%, pela dobra cutânea triciptal, e 62,2% pela circunferência muscular do braço. O tempo de internamento foi maior nos pacientes com risco nutricional (77,1%), que permaneceram internados por mais de 21 dias (p=0,041). A força de preensão manual e a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar foram menores nos pacientes com menor IMC. Conclusão: Houve alta prevalência de risco nutricional, desnutrição e baixo desempenho dos métodos funcionais nos pacientes hospitalizados com HIV. A espessura do músculo adutor do polegar e a força de preensão manual tiveram associação estatisticamente significativa como IMC, demonstrando ser bastante úteis na avaliação da capacidade funcional de pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.34792

Языковая репрезентация роста человека в мансийской и русской фразеологических картинах мира

Языковая репрезентация роста человека в мансийской и русской фразеологических картинах мира

Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on craniofacial growth in children with idiopathic short stature

目的 探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)干预对特发性矮小(ISS)患儿颅面部生长发育的影响。 方法 选取2016年12月至2017年12月在郑州大学第三附属医院儿童内分泌科诊断并经rhGH规范干预1年的青春期前22例患儿(ISS组)，与同年龄、性别，面型端正，侧貌基本协调，面型无明显前突和后缩，未接受过正畸治疗的健康青春期前儿童20例作为健康对照组。在rhGH干预前、干预(或随访)1年后，均行头颅螺旋CT扫描，由工作站进行颅面骨三维重建，使用三维测量软件对颅面骨三维影像各项线性及角度指标进行测量，通过t检验分析各项指标变化。 结果 1．rhGH干预前，与健康对照组比较，ISS女童及男童呈骨性Ⅱ类面型倾向(上下牙槽座点与N点夹角：5.19°±0.46°比3.16°±0.25°，3.77°±0.18°比3.02±0.13°)，差异均有统计学意义(t＝12.390、10.442，均P<0.05)。2.rhGH干预1年后，ISS女童前下面高及前面高均大于健康对照组[(66.60±1.07) mm比(64.51±1.61) mm，(124.06±1.31) mm比(119.52±2.42) mm]，差异均有统计学意义(t＝3.412、5.215，均P<0.05)。3.rhGH干预1年后，ISS男童前下面高大于健康对照组[(68.31±1.34) mm比(66.67±1.75) mm]，差异有统计学意义(t＝2.372，P<0.05)。 结论 rhGH短期内治疗可促进患儿颅面部骨骼生长发育，轻微改善患儿面部轮廓，且未发现不对称生长迹象。

ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY OF BRAZIL, 1850–1950: INSIGHTS FROM MILITARY AND PASSPORT RECORDS

ABSTRACTTrends in human welfare in Brazil have remained shrouded by a dearth of historical evidence. Although quantitative scholars have revealed the efficacy of the First Republic (1889–1930) in fomenting economic progress, the extent to which Brazil's early economic growth fostered improvements in health remains unclear. This paper fills this void in scholarship by relying on hitherto untapped archival sources with data on human stature—a reliable metric for health and nutritional status. My analysis centres heavily on a large (n≈ 16,000), geographically-comprehensive series compiled from military inscription files, supplemented by an ancillary dataset drawn from passport records (n≈ 6,000). I document inferior heights in the North and Northeast that predated the advent of industrialisation. At the national level, my findings reveal an increase in stature of over 2.5 cm between soldiers born in the 1880s and those born in the 1910s. In the South and Southeast, I argue that increased real income and public-health interventions explain the earlier upward trend in heights, while rural sanitary reforms were most important in the North and Northeast, where heights remained stagnant until the 1910 decade and diseases such as hookworm and malaria were most rampant.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND SPATIAL CONVERGENCE OF BIOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: THE CASE OF COLOMBIA, 1920–1990

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the relationship between the physical stature of Colombians born during the 20thcentury and several socio-economic and demographic variables. Using a dataset of more than 225,000 individuals built with information from judicial background certificates, we found a sustained growth of the average height of women and men during the 20thcentury. The results show significant differences in stature according to gender, level of education, occupation, and place and date of birth. Similarly, health conditions and access to aqueducts significantly affect height. We found that departmental average height disparities decreased and the gap across regions closed throughout the century.

Small in Stature, Large in Impact

Small in Stature, Large in Impact

Endocrine Complications of Noonan Syndrome beyond Short Stature.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a diagnosis that is made clinically based on features including typical facies, congenital heart defects, short stature and developmental delay. Approximately 50% of the patients have identified mutations in the PTPN11 gene, and a smaller percentage of mutations have been reported in other genes such as SOS1, RAF1 and RIT1 Despite normal birth length, patients typically reach adult height below normal. Other than growth, endocrine complications of NS are not as commonly reported. These include possible pathology in thyroid function, pubertal development and bone metabolism. Some investigators have looked to see if genetic mutations in these patients could pose a risk for future endocrinopathies. This chapter reviews reports on endocrine dysfunction other than growth in patients with NS. The information is meant to enhance awareness in those providers who care for these patients to the possibility of other existing endocrinopathies. Most importantly, it supports and highlights the endocrinologist's role in the care of patients with NS.

The History of Noonan Syndrome.

Early in her career, Jacqueline Noonan, a pediatric cardiologist, recognized that a number of children with valvular pulmonary stenosis had similar facial features. Dr. Noonan reported the clinical characteristics of this condition including short stature, hypertelorism, ptosis, mild mental retardation, undescended testes, and skeletal malformations. Further characterization of Noonan Syndrome led to the development of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of the condition. Identification of the first genetic cause of Noonan Syndrome, mutation of ptpn11 was reported in 2001. Multiple subsequent genes have been identified as causes of Noonan Syndrome and the related Rasopathies.

Clinical Manifestations of Noonan Syndrome and Related Disorders.

Noonan syndrome represents a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes of the RAS/MAPK pathway. Related syndromes include cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines and Costello syndrome. The common phenotypic features of Noonan syndrome include facial dysmorphisms, short stature, congenital heart defects and genitourinary abnormalities. These and other findings as well as features of related disorders are discussed. In addition we briefly review clinical diagnosis and prenatal findings of these syndromes and genetic counseling implications.