Human Resource Costs Research Articles

Refined Crack Detection via LECSFormer for Autonomous Road Inspection Vehicles

Due to the rising cost of human resources in road maintenance and the pursuit of efficiency, autonomous road inspection vehicles are developed for intelligent detection of road disease to prevent severe traffic disasters in the early stages. Nevertheless, as a prevalent road disease, road cracks are diverse and susceptible to shadows, weather changes, and noise in data acquisition. Moreover, they usually appear with thin shapes that are hard to detect correctly by existing methods. To handle this problem, more details of the road cracks need to be better analyzed. In this article, we propose a refined road crack detection method named locally enhanced cross-shaped windows transformer (LECSFormer), which adopts a delicate design of the encoder-decoder structure. The encoder employs window-based transformer blocks to model long-range dependencies. Each transformer block ensembles the locally enhanced module to enrich the local contextual information, and token shuffle operation is applied to build cross-windows connections. The decoder uses dense connections to fuse multi-scale information, and the feature fusion module fuses hierarchical features and reweights them by the channel attention mechanism. The proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods with ODS of 0.963, 0.917, 0.952, and 0.953 on four challenging datasets, CrackTree260, CrackLS315, Stone331, and CRKWH100. It can accurately detect cracks in road surfaces and support intelligent preventive maintenance of roads.

Pengaruh Employee Engagement Terhadap Turnover Intention Perawat Dari RS Grestelina Makassar Tahun 2022

Turnover intention is the degree of tendency of the attitude that employees have to find a new job elsewhere or the existence of a plan to leave the company within a predetermined period. A high turnover rate will have a negative impact on the organization, including the loss of quality human resources, an increase in human resource costs in the form of training costs that have been invested in employees who leave to the cost of recruitment and retraining and the loss of work culture values in the company. One way to reduce the high turnover intention of the workforce by increasing the positive attachment of individual employees to the organization and organizational value is called Employee Engagement. This study aims to analyze the effect of employee engagement on the turnover intention of nurses at Grestelina Hospital Makassar. The type of research carried out is quantitative research using observational studies with a cross sectional study design. The sample in this study used a total sampling of 188 nurses at Grestelina Makassar Hospital. The results showed that the turnover intention of nurses at Grestelina Hospital was 50.5% with the most influential dimension on turnover intention from the employee engagement variable, namely dedication with a sig value of 0.045. The conclusion that employee engagement of 0.019<0.05 with a value of 12.6%, had a significant effect on the turnover intention of nurses at Grestelina Hospital Makassar. Researchers can then conduct research with qualitative methods to dig deeper into research variables.

Management innovation as an enabler of firm performance in the context of Industry 4.0: a longitudinal multi-source, multi-sector analysis

ABSTRACT This study addresses the dearth of research on what enables firms’ performance in the context of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). We investigate how I4.0 shapes the effects of firm investments over time and whether the effects of people and equipment depend on innovative management approaches. A longitudinal multi-sector study is conducted of 157 export-oriented, manufacturing firms in a European Union member state (Slovenia) over a 14-year period (in total, consisting of 1791 total observations). The findings suggest that firms which invest more in technology complement these costs by making investments in people, which over time leads to a higher firm performance. The I4.0 phase moderates this mediated relationship in that firms more advanced with respect to engaging in I4.0 tend to lower their human resources costs despite investing in technology while still showing a superior firm performance. This indicates the substitution effect of technology vis-à-vis human resources. The moderation of management innovation proved to be weaker, calling for a detailed look at its nuances across the studied levels. Taken together, our paper contributes in advancing the stream of research focused on internal factors and processes specifically related to firm investments and management processes, thereby leading to the outcomes of new technology use and capitalization. The findings highlight the link between I4.0 and technology management, and innovation, and complements the existing research on the link between management innovation and performance by contextualizing it within I4.0’s new technology and socio-economic changes.

Ceramics Copyright Protection: in China’s Perspective

Developed countries and regions are gradually shifting their labor-intensive industries to developing countries due to energy and raw material constraints and rising human resource costs. Companies keep their technological development and pattern design in their home countries and transfer their raw materials and product manufacturing processes to developing countries. As a result of these factors, the production of ceramic products in developing countries has increased significantly. From the Chinese side, in 2013, China proposed the "One Belt, One Road" foreign development strategy, which has brought more business opportunities for the ceramics industry and promoted the development of China's ceramics industry. However, behind the strengthening of competitiveness, the weakness of insufficient protection of intellectual property rights in ceramics has also been exposed. As of February 2022, a total of 3,029 court decisions. Therefore, the legislature needs to think about how to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights in ceramics. This study analyzes the current state of the ceramics industry, and the protection of intellectual property rights in ceramics and incorporates a survey of data on Jingdezhen as a center for the protection of intellectual property rights in ceramics in China. It will provide a good external environment for ceramic enterprises to develop and innovate, achieve a benign mechanism for market competition, protect the legitimate interests of rights holders, stimulate enthusiasm for ceramic innovation and creation, and promote the development of the ceramic industry.

Model of preparing future coaches for the formation of reflexivity of athletes in team sports

The article deals with the issue of preparing coaches for the formation of reflexivity of athletes in team sports. Reflection is an important condition for the successful implementation of any activity. It plays a special role in complex, dynamic work, namely in those types of work that are performed in complex interpersonal and group interaction. Undoubtedly, this activity includes educational activities and activities in the field of physical culture and sports. The team coach in team sports is a key figure in the formation of group reflexivity. Therefore, in order to achieve high performance and increase the competitiveness of sports teams, it is necessary to train a coach with a developed reflexivity. Reflective culture is a basic component of a mature personality and highly qualified professional work of any specialist. It conditions the intensity of the formation of his experience, provides a rethinking of the content of the subject's consciousness and his awareness of the techniques of his own mastery, abilities, opportunities and prospects.
 In the conditions of close relationships, instant reactions and when performing a single task, there is a need to form a certain personal quality that takes into account the creation of a situation of mutual understanding of a high level. This fact actualizes the need for group reflexivity in order to improve the quality of managed processes and reduce the costs of both material and human resources.

Machine Learning Prediction of the Long-Term Environmental Acoustic Pattern of a City Location Using Short-Term Sound Pressure Level Measurements

To manage noise pollution, cities use monitoring systems over wireless acoustic sensor networks. These networks are mainly composed of fixed-location sound pressure level sensors deployed in outdoor sites of the city for long-term monitoring. However, due to high economic and human resource costs, it is not feasible to deploy fixed metering stations on every street in a city. Therefore, these continuous measurements are usually complemented with short-term measurements at different selected locations, which are carried out by acoustic sensors mounted on vehicles or at street level. In this research, the application of artificial neural networks is proposed for estimation of the long-term environmental acoustic pattern of a location based on the information collected during a short time period. An evaluation has been carried out through a comparison of eight artificial neural network architectures using real data from the acoustic sensor network of Barcelona, Spain, showing higher accuracy in prediction when the complexity of the model increases. Moreover, time slots with better performance can be detected, helping city managers to deploy temporal stations optimally.

Costs of Newly Funded Proton Therapy Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing in The Netherlands.

Proton therapy (PT) has characteristics that enable the sparing of healthy, non-cancerous tissue surrounding the radiotherapy target volume better from radiation doses than conventional radiotherapy for patients with cancer. While this innovation entails investment costs, the information about the treatment costs per patient, especially during the start-up phase, is limited. This study aims to calculate the costs of PT at a single center during the start-up phase in the Netherlands. The cost of PT per patient was estimated for the treatment indications, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, thorax cancer, chordoma and eye melanoma. A time-driven activity-based costing analysis (TDABC), a methodology that calculates the costs of consumed healthcare resources by a patient, was conducted in a newly established PT center in the Netherlands (HPTC). Both direct (e.g., the human resource costs for medical staff) and indirect costs (e.g., the operating/interest costs, indirect human resource costs and depreciation costs) were included. A scenario analysis was conducted for short-term (2021), middle-term (till 2024) and long-term (after 2024) predicted patient numbers in the PT center. The total cost of PT in 2020 at the center varied between EUR 12,062 for an eye melanoma course and EUR 89,716 for a head and neck course. Overall, indirect costs were the largest cost component. The high indirect costs implied the potential of the scale of economics; according to our estimation, the treatment cost could be reduced to 35% of the current cost when maximum treatment capacity is achieved. This study estimated the PT cost delivered in a newly operated treatment center. Scenario analysis for increased patient numbers revealed the potential for cost reductions. Nevertheless, to have an estimation that reflects the matured cost of PT which could be used in cost-effectiveness analysis, a follow-up study assessing the full-fledged situation is recommended.

Application of GIS technologies in the improvement of geodetic and cartographic works in land cadastre

Increasing the accuracy of geodetic measurement tools and methods used in land surveying, topographic mapping, and other works is one of the requirements of the current era. In this case, it is important to develop measures aimed at increasing the speed of geodetic surveying, increasing the accuracy of measuring land areas, and reducing labour productivity, time, and human resource costs. The use of electronic geodetic measuring devices in implementing these works is very convenient for implementing the above requirements. The difference between the current electronic geodetic measuring instruments and the previous ones is that they are designed to measure the angle, distance, and height of points simultaneously.

A Secure EMR Sharing System With Tamper Resistance and Expressive Access Control

To reduce the cost of human and material resources and improve the collaborations among medical systems, research laboratories and insurance companies for healthcare researches and commercial activities, electronic medical records (EMRs) have been proposed to shift from paperwork to friendly shareable electronic records. To take advantage of EMRs efficiently and reduce the cost of local storage, EMRs are usually outsourced to the remote cloud for sharing medical data with authorized users. However, cloud service providers are untrustworthy. In this paper, we propose an efficient, secure, and flexible EMR sharing system by introducing a novel cryptosystem called dual-policy revocable attribute-based encryption and tamper resistance blockchain technology. Our proposed system enables EMRs to be shared at a fine-grained level and allows data users to detect any unauthorized manipulation. Moreover, the key generation center can revoke malicious users without affecting the honest users. We provide the formal security model as well as the concrete scheme with security analysis. The experimental simulation and experimental analysis of our proposed scheme demonstrate that our proposed system has superior performances to the most relevant solutions.

Stochastic optimization model for ship inspection planning under uncertainty in maritime transportation

<abstract><p>Maritime transportation plays a significant role in international trade and global supply chains. Ship navigation safety is the foundation of operating maritime business smoothly. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to marine environmental protection. To enhance maritime safety and reduce pollution in the marine environment, various regulations and conventions are proposed by international organizations and local governments. One of the most efficient ways of ensuring that the related requirements are complied with by ships is ship inspection by port state control (PSC). In the procedure of ship inspection, a critical issue for the port state is how to select ships of higher risk for inspection and how to optimally allocate the limited inspection resources to these ships. In this study, we adopt prediction and optimization approaches to address the above issues. We first predict the number of ship deficiencies based on a k nearest neighbor (kNN) model. Then, we propose three optimization models which aim for a trade-off between the reward for detected deficiencies and the human resource cost of ship inspection. Specifically, we first follow the predict-then-optimize framework and develop a deterministic optimization model. We also establish two stochastic optimization models where the distribution of ship deficiency number is estimated by the predictive prescription method and the global prescriptive analysis method, respectively. Furthermore, we conduct a case study using inspection data at the Hong Kong port to compare the performances of the three optimization models, from which we conclude that the predictive prescription model is more efficient and effective for this problem.</p></abstract>

RESOURCEFUL APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE

The present paper suggests methods of resourceful approach to designing of the index of total remunerative production performance. The cost of all resources used in production object is presented in tangible and intangible forms - human capital. Probable capital costs of human resources and virtual costs of indirect state-owned resources are measured by indirect methods, i.e. by designing the system of probable index equivalent to the market paragon. The authors present the examples of calculations for performance criteria of commercial regional production performance. This cost is calculated by the amount of income paid by the resident manufacturer to the direct participants in the production: entrepreneurs, employees and the indirect participant - the state. Based on the sum of the equity results, the consolidated self-calculated result of production is determined, as well as its factor value, created from the use of capital of real and human capital. Ultimately, the formula of self-calculated regional production efficiency was proposed and tested. The problem of using the same terminology at different levels of management to denote different phenomena in essence has also been identified. With this in mind, to enhance the validity and information of assessment, the measures for methods of accounting, taxation and statistics upgrading are also suggested.

Analysis and Countermeasures On the Reasons of Employee Departure in Small and Medium-sized Private Enterprises

In recent years, China's small and medium-sized private enterprises have developed rapidly, providing more employment opportunities for people, but the phenomenon of personnel leaving small and medium-sized private enterprises in China is becoming more and more serious, and personnel leaving will increase the replacement cost of enterprise human resources, destroy the cohesion of the enterprise, and affect the development strategy of the enterprise, the problem of personnel leaving has become a big problem for small and medium-sized private enterprises in China. Excessive staff departures reflect the poor human resource management of small and medium-sized private enterprises in China, which can make enterprises pay high human costs. In this paper, we analyze the reasons for the separation of small and medium-sized private enterprises in China, and propose corresponding measures to solve the problem, hoping that small and medium-sized private enterprises in China will pay attention to the problem of personnel separation, and the phenomenon of excessive personnel separation can be improved.

HSD46 Human Resources Costs in Breast Cancer Biopsy Processing in Chile: What's the Impact of Human Resources?

No evidence of human resources (HR) costs in processing breast cancer biopsies is available in the Chilean public sector. This analysis aims to estimate the impact of HR on direct costs, considering the effects of time in costs in a local pathology laboratory responsible for processing 8.8% of national breast cancer intraoperative biopsies (IB).

ANALISIS PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM PEREKRUTAN TENAGA KERJA PADA PT. CATUR KARYA SENTOSA

The purpose of this research is to determine the accounting treatment of human resources in recruiting workers. This study uses qualitative data analysis. The data used in this research are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews and documentation. The results of this study are to show a comparison before and after the application of human resource accounting in the company's financial statements using conventional financial reports where human resource costs are still recognized as an expense, after the application of human resource accounting is recognized as an investment.

The impact of human resource accounting on financial performance(case study: Industry-oriented companies admitted to the Tehran stock exchange)

Human resources have a significant role in the development of the organization. Human resource accounting helps measure the cost and value of the organization's human resources and helps managers make critical decisions about employees. This study mainly investigates the impact of human resource accounting on financial performance in industry-oriented companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange by using the panel data approach from 2001-2017. The results show that organizational profitability has a positive and significant effect on human resource accounting, and asset return and stock return have a negative but insignificant effect on human resource accounting.

An Intent-driven DaaS Management Framework to Enhance User Quality of Experience

Desktop as a Service (DaaS) has become widely used by enterprises. In 2020, the use of DaaS increased dramatically due to the demand to work remotely from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The DaaS market is expected to continue growing rapidly [ 1 ]. The quality of experience (QoE) of a DaaS service has been one of the main factors to enhance DaaS user satisfaction. To ensure user QoE, the amount of cloud computation resources for a DaaS service must be appropriately designed. We propose an Intent-driven DaaS Management (IDM) framework to autonomously determine the cloud-resource-amount configurations for a given DaaS QoE requirement. IDM enables autonomous resource design by abstracting the knowledge about the dependency between DaaS workload, resource configuration, and performance from previous DaaS performance log data. To ensure the IDM framework's applicability to actual DaaS services, we analyzed five main challenges in applying the IDM framework to actual DaaS services: identifying the resource-design objective, quantifying DaaS QoE, addressing low log data availability, designing performance-inference models, and addressing low resource variations in the log data. We addressed these challenges through detailed designing of IDM modules. The effectiveness of the IDM framework was assessed from the aspects of DaaS performance-inference precision, DaaS resource design, and time and human-resource cost reduction.

Resource use, availability and cost in the provision of critical care in Tanzania: a systematic review

ObjectivesCritical care is essential in saving lives of critically ill patients, however, provision of critical care across lower resource settings can be costly, fragmented and heterogenous. Despite the urgent need...

THE IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL VALUE ON HUMAN CAPITAL EFFICIENCY AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

In the knowledge economy era, human capital is a part of intellectual capital and a significant factor in enterprise competitiveness. The importance of human capital is often diminished due to the accounting expression of investments in human resources in the income statement as a cost (expenditure) component. This paper points to the fact that the cost of human resources is an investment that affects the growth of the business performance of an enterprise. Hence, the aim of this paper is to examine the impact of human capital value on human capital efficiency and business performance indicators, such as sales revenue (SR), earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), and EBIT margin (EBITM). To examine this impact, empirical research is conducted on a sample of 24 companies with the highest brand value for the period 2012-2019. The regression analysis results show that sales revenue and EBIT grow by 0.77% and 1.1% respectively as human capital value grows by 1%. Additionally, findings reveal that the growth of the human capital value negatively affects the values of human capital efficiency indicators and EBIT margin in the sample of examined enterprises.

An intelligent campus simulation system based on game

Abstract As a densely populated place, the occurrence of accidents on campus causes serious concerns, while the construction of an intelligent and safe campus is also one of the hotly debated topics. Starting from the perspective of the development process of security events, this paper comprehensively perfects each stage and applies reasonable methods, hoping to reduce the cost of human and material resources in campus security. First, the abnormal behaviour data set and the identification model based on time and space fusion are constructed to identify the abnormal behaviours on campus. Further on, through the agent reward function construction and state transfer function solution and algorithm research, the multi-intelligent-agent tracking and cooperation based on the game idea are realised to provide efficient real-time security alarm and decision suggestion. Finally, the safety resource path planning platform is designed, and the simulation analysis is conducted combined with the traffic network of New Normal University. The results turn out to identify the abnormal behaviour, work out the optimal decision as well as figure out the optimal path of security resources planning and verify the effectiveness of the mathematical model in a simulation manner.

On Image-Processing-Based Identification Method of Express Logistics Information

As a modern comprehensive information platform for integrated statistical analysis of express shipments information and for express shipments management decision-making, the express logistics track and trace system needs to use artificial intelligence (AI) technology and image processing technology to automatically extract the text content of express logistics documents. Existing express shipments information identification models usually have problems such as less-than-ideal performance in detecting single characters or small text regions of express logistics documents, high human resource cost for character-level markup, and low speed and accuracy of text recognition. In response, this paper studies the image-processing-based identification method of express logistics information. It presents a recognition process for pre-processing text images of express logistics documents, along with a detailed description of denoising, greyscaling and binarisation methods. While proposing an enhancement strategy for Chinese characters in the section of handwritten Chinese, this paper constructs a model for recognition of express shipping document texts based on bidirectional long-short term memory (LSTM) and attention mechanism. In this way, we fully mined key semantic information of express logistics document texts. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the constructed model.