Human Renal Pelvis Research Articles

Ultrastructure of the urinary tract muscle coat in man. Calices, renal pelvis, pelvi-ureteric junction and ureter.

Muscle coat specimens from human calices, renal pelvis, pelvi-ureteric junction, upper, middle and lower ureter segments were examined under an electron microscope. These specimens were taken from 8 patients who had undergone nephroureterectomy: 6 for localized renal carcinoma and 2 for papillary tumor of the pelvis. Two types of smooth muscle cells were observed, "typical" muscle cells and "special" muscle cells. The latter are rich in agranular endoplasmic reticulum, have few myofilaments and are interconnected in numerous, extended, peculiar contact areas. The ratio between these two types of muscle cells differs as also does their innervation between the various segments examined. On the basis of our findings we propose that the "special" muscle cells perform a "pacemaking" function.

Identification of renal tubular epithelial cells in urine with immunofluorescence.

Rabbits were immunized with human kidney homogenate. The rabbit sera, after absorption with human liver homogenate, showed antibody activity against human kidney, renal pelvis and urinary bladder. The sera were then absorbed with human renal pelvis and urinary bladder mucosa and subsequently showed no antibody activity against urinary bladder or renal pelvis. Immunofluorescence examinations showed fluorescing cells in kidney tubules, but not elsewhere. The finally absorbed antihuman kidney sera were used for indirect immunofluorescence examination of urinary sediments from patients with renal disease. Phase contrast microscopy was used simultaneously. Fluorescence was found in cells which in phase contrast microscopy were judged to be renal tubular cells. Fluorescing cells were often found in casts, but free cells were also seen. Immunofluorescence may thus provide a means of identifying renal tubular cells in urine.

In vitro studies on smooth muscle of the human renal pelvis.

Isolated segments of human renal pelvis were studied by an isometric technique. Increases in tension following the addition of adrenaline, noradrenaline and phenylephrine were shown to be mediated via alpha-adrenoceptors. Similar responses to acetylcholine were demonstrated to be due to muscarinic receptor stimulation. Specimens responded to transmural electrical stimulation only when the pulse width was greater than 4 msec, and such responses were unaffected by pretreatment with tetrodotoxin, phentolamine and atropine. These experiments suggest that there is no effective innervation of the receptor sites identified, and hence that renal pelvis motility in vivo is not amenable to regulation by the autonomic nervous system.

Pharmacological studies of the rabbit and human renal pelvis

The responses of the isolated rabbit and human renal pelvis to drugs and to electrical stimulation have been investigated. Regular spontaneous changes in tension occur in the circular smooth muscle, which in the rabbit are synchronous with electrical waves. The responses to electrical stimulation seem to be due to the release of catecholamines from adrenergic nerves. Such nerves have been observed by means of a fluorescence technique. The cholinergic system appears functionally unimportant. The adrenergic responses in human and rabbit seem to be mediated exclusively by α-adrenoceptors.

Isolation of RNA virus from papillary tumors of the human renal pelvis.

Virus particles were detected by electron microscopy in three papillary cancers of the human renal pelvis. Similar particles were seen in cells from all three tumors in primary culture. An RNA virus was isolated from these tumors. The serum of tumor patients contains neutralizing antibodies against virus isolated from two of the tumors. Initial studies suggest that this agent is not a known human RNA virus.

Observations on the Physiology of the Human Renal Pelvis and Ureter

Observations on the Physiology of the Human Renal Pelvis and Ureter

Ultrastructure of transitional epithelium of man.

Blocks of human normal renal pelvis and ureter obtained at the time of surgery were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium with or without ruthenium red, for electron microscopic observations. The transitional epithelium is arranged in three cell layers: basal, intermediate and superficial. All epithelial cells show numerous microvilli and contain the characteristic vesicles of transitional epithelium, bundles of cytoplasmic filaments, microtubules and numerous free ribosomes. The epithelial extracellular compartment is notably large and appears as an intricate, tridimensional network of canaliculi and cisternae which are wider in the intermediate and superficial layers and in which microvilli and cytoplasmic folds of vicinal cells are often attached or interdigitated. At these sites there are desmosomes. The surface of all transitional epithelial cells is covered by a fibrillar mucous coat which is more developed at the plasmalemma of the free border of luminal cells in which microvilli are also seen. Ruthenium red stains selectively the plasmalemma and the mucous coat of the free surface of the epithelium, indicating the presence of an acid polysaccharide. With this technic (Luft, 1965), it is observed, radiating from the plasmalemma, branching filaments which measure 100 A in diameter forming a zone of varying density which is about 400 mμ wide and which corresponds, at the light microscopic level, to the luminal border of the transitional epithelial cells in which a sialomucin has been identified. The slender filaments have a beaded appearance. At the free border, superficial cells are attached by functional complexes in which tight junctions seal the epithelial intercellular space, which is opened at the level of the basement membrane where only desmosomes are observed. The ultrastructure of human transitional epithelium of urinary tract resembles the duct cells of the salt gland of certain marine birds (Fawcett, 1962) and the amphibian epidermis (Farquhar and Palade, 1965) in which there are active processes of transport. The mucous surface coat, selectively stained by the ruthenium red, contains a sialomucin (Monis and Dorfman, 1965, 1967). The ultrastructure and histochemistry of the mucous fluffy coat of man transitional epithelium and the observations of Porter and Tamm (1955), on the ultrastructure of preparations of the Tamm and Horsfall mucoprotein (1952) are bases for suggesting that transitional epithelium of urinary tract of man is the site of biosynthesis of certain urinary mucoids. Present investigations are directed to obtain evidence to substantiate this hypothesis.

Observations on the Physiology of the Human Renal Pelvis and Ureter

Observations on the Physiology of the Human Renal Pelvis and Ureter

THE 'DYNAMIC FUNCTION' OF THE INTACT HUMAN RENAL PELVIS AND URETER.

Journal Article The ‘dynamic function’ of the intact human renal pelvis and ureter Get access James A Ross, James A Ross Eastern General Hospital, EdinburghDepartment of Clinical Surgery and Medical Physics Unit, Edinburgh University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Peter Edmond, Peter Edmond Eastern General Hospital, EdinburghDepartment of Clinical Surgery and Medical Physics Unit, Edinburgh University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Coull, John Coull Eastern General Hospital, EdinburghDepartment of Clinical Surgery and Medical Physics Unit, Edinburgh University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Simpson David Simpson Eastern General Hospital, EdinburghDepartment of Clinical Surgery and Medical Physics Unit, Edinburgh University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 52, Issue 8, August 1965, Pages 617–621, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800520815 Published: 08 December 2005

The Anatomical Basis and Dynamics of Vesicoureteral Reflux

The Anatomical Basis and Dynamics of Vesicoureteral Reflux

Pressure Studies in the Human Ureter and Renal Pelvis

Pressure Studies in the Human Ureter and Renal Pelvis

Graphic Registration of the Function of the Human Ureter with the Hydrophoragraph

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1932Graphic Registration of the Function of the Human Ureter with the HydrophoragraphConsiderations in Physiology and Pathologic Physiology of the Ureter11These investigations were conducted in the Department of Urology, Cleveland City Hospital, and in the Department of Pharmacology, Western Reserve University Medical School. Harry R. Trattner Harry R. TrattnerHarry R. Trattner More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)72639-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1932 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByEnsor R, Boyarsky S and Glenn J (2018) Determination of Ureteral Pressures in the Intact DogJournal of Urology, VOL. 97, NO. 2, (240-244), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1967.Ross J, Edmond P, Coull J and Griffiths J (2018) Observations on the Physiology of the Human Renal Pelvis and UreterJournal of Urology, VOL. 97, NO. 3, (449-454), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1967.Boyarsey S, Martinez J and Mayries N (2018) Ureteral Peristaltic Pressures in Dogs with Changing Urine FlowsJournal of Urology, VOL. 87, NO. 1, (25-32), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1962.Melick W and Naryka J (2018) Pressure Studies of the Normal and Abnormal Ureter in Children by Means of the Strain GaugeJournal of Urology, VOL. 83, NO. 3, (267-276), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1960.O’Conor V and Dawson-Edwards P (2018) Role of Ureter in Renal Transplantation: I. Studies of Deneryated Ureter with Particular Reference to Ureteroureteral AnastomosisJournal of Urology, VOL. 82, NO. 5, (566-572), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1959.Weinberg S and Siebens A (2018) Activity of the Ureter After SurgeryJournal of Urology, VOL. 80, NO. 5, (326-336), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1958.Rattner W, Fink S and Murphy J (2018) Pressure Studies in the Human Ureter and Renal PelvisJournal of Urology, VOL. 78, NO. 4, (359-362), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1957.Comarr A and Bors E (2018) Further Observations on Vesicoureteral RefluxJournal of Urology, VOL. 74, NO. 1, (59-66), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1955.Bors E and Blinn K (2018) A New Method of Recording Ureteral Peristalsis: Ureteral KymographyJournal of Urology, VOL. 74, NO. 3, (322-330), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1955.Butcher H and Sleator W (2018) A Study of the Electrical Activity of Intact and partially Mobilized Human UretersJournal of Urology, VOL. 73, NO. 6, (970-986), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1955.Morales P, Crowder C, Fishman A and Maxwell M (2018) The Response of the Ureter and Pelvis to Changing Urine FlowsJournal of Urology, VOL. 67, NO. 4, (484-491), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1952.Lapides J (2018) The Physiology of the Intact Human Ureter ,Journal of Urology, VOL. 59, NO. 4, (501-533), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1948.Trattner H and Walzak B (2018) Studies Concerning Effects of Calcium on the Urinary TractJournal of Urology, VOL. 52, NO. 4, (357-373), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1944.Braasch W and Doss A (2018) The Clinical Value of the Delayed UrogramJournal of Urology, VOL. 43, NO. 4, (617-622), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1940. Volume 28Issue 1July 1932Page: 1-34 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1932 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Harry R. Trattner More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

URETERAL ACTIVITY IN SOME PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS

In 1924, I published some observations on peristalsis of the intact human ureter obtained by means of a graphic method. Since that time additional physiologic data have been gathered and records taken in a number of pathologic cases. The object of this work is to throw greatly needed light on the hitherto meager knowledge of the behavior of the human ureter, and to give to the urologist a method that admits of easy application in the clinic, so that it is possible to recognize disturbances of ureteral function. In a review of the literature it was found that studies devoted to the physiology and physiologic pathology of the human renal pelvis and ureter are comparatively few. More numerous, however, are the investigations which have been conducted on animal ureters, intact and excised. METHODS OF STUDY The methods of study of ureteral activity may be classified as follows: (1) ocular observations—direct