Human Rectal Mucosa Research Articles

The radiosensitivity of a mesenchymal tissue. The pericryptal fibroblast sheath in the human rectal mucosa.

With the exception of haemopoietic tissue quantitative studies of the effects of irradiation on replicating normal tissue call systems in vivo have previoulsy been confined to epitelial tissuss. A similar sheath of fibroblasts to that surrounding the crypts of Lieberkühn in the colon, which it is climed undergoes constant renewal and migration, has now been identified in the rectum and thereby it may become possible to follow the cellular response to irradiation of a mesenchymal tissue. The numbers and the distribution of the pericrytal fibroblasts in normal human rectum following irradiation, both in air and hyperbaric oxyge, have been stuided in serial biopsies of rectal mucosa taken from patients who were being treated for advanced pelvic maliganancies. The results indicate that during a course of irradiation the fibroblasts cell count falls on a time-scale very closely associated with that seen in the epithelial cells. Only some immediate recovery occurs in the fibroblast system, in contrast to the adjacent epithelial cell system where full recovery seems to take place. The fibroblast system, moreover, shows a gradually diminishing trend during the first year, whilst the epithelial cell numbers appear to be maintained. The interpretation of these data are discussed. Evidence is provided that when patients breath hyperbaric oxygen during irradiation more extensive depression of cell numbers occurs, but after recovery there is essentially no difference in the cell counts - finding that accord with those previously reported fro epithelial cells in the crypts of the rectal mucosa.

Dissecting microscopy of the rectal mucosa in health and disease.

The dissecting-microscopic appearance of the human rectal mucosa was studied in 147 biopsy specimens. The normal mucosa is divided into mucosal units by a “honeycomb” pattern of the rectal microvasculature, the center of each unit containing a refractile “pit” which may represent the mouth of the rectal crypt. The changes occurring in ulcerative colitis were graded according to severity of disturbance of the vascular channels, ranging from dilatation, neoformation and tortuosity of the individual vessels to complete disorganization of the “honeycomb” pattern. The vascular and “pit” changes in ulcerative colitis and other diseases of the rectum are described. The pathogenesis of the dissecting-microscopic changes is discussed in relation to the normal vascular pattern of the human colonic mucosa.

Activity of β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase and N-acetyl- β-glucosaminidase in human rectal mucosa

Activity of β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase and N-acetl- β-glucosaminidase was determined by biopsy specimens of rectal mucosa of control subjects, cystinotic children and their parents. The studied enzymes exhibited maximal activity at pH 5.0, 4.0 and 4.5, respectively. Apparent K m values using P-nitrophenyl- β-galactoside, p-nitrophenyl- β-glucuronide and p-nitropheny- β-glucosaminide were found to be 0.52 mM, 0.70 mM, and 0.67 mM. The activity of all three enzymes was found to be closely correlated in the 11 subjects of the control group. The values found in parents and their cystinotic children fit into these correlations, but show higher scatter of data caused by the fact that values of β-galactosidase were found to be higher and of β-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase lower in the group of parents than in the other two groups.

Organ Culture of Human Rectal Mucosa

Mucosal biopsies from human rectum were cultured in vitro using a simple organ culture system. Light microscopy consistently revealed good preservation of rectal mucosa in biopsies cultured for up to 24 hr. Moreover, mucosal morphology was well preserved in some but not all biopsies cultured for as long as 48 hr. Electron microscopy revealed preservation of surface epithelial cell structure in biopsies cultured for 24 hr. Autoradiographs of biopsies cultured over thymidine-3H-containing medium for 6 hr showed labeling of proliferating cells in the lower two-thirds of the rectal crypts. In biopsies subsequently cultured for an additional 18 hr over isotope-free medium, some of the labeled cells had migrated to the upper crypts and the absorptive surface. These studies show that mucosal morphology is maintained and that some epithelial cell proliferation continues for at least 24 hr in rectal mucosal biopsies cultured in vitro in this organ culture system.

The radiosensitivity of normal human rectal mucosa to irradiation in hyperbaric oxygen

Abstract Previous reports have suggested that some normal tissues are more sensitive when irradiated in hyperbaric oxygen. To test the validity of these reports an accurate method of assessment was devised which was based on human rectal mucosa as the tissue for investigation. The response to irradiation in hyperbaric oxygen and air was compared by measuring the cellular content of serial biopsies taken from patients being treated in a controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct to radiotherapy for advanced pelvic tumours. In each specimen epithelial and goblet cells were counted, as were the cells undergoing mitosis. By pooling all the results for specific times after irradiation, consistent curves were obtained which indicate that the total number of cells is unaffected, whether the irradiation is given in air or in oxygen. There was a depression in mitoses in the oxygen series when compared to the air series and a reciprocal elevation of the goblet cell component. The evidence therefore suggest...

Intestinal Malabsorption and Immunoglobulin Deficiency

Available evidence suggests that hypogammaglobulinemia, particularly immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency, may be associated with intestinal malabsorption and mild to moderate villous atrophy of the proximal jejunal mucosa.1-3We have encountered such a patient who responded favorably in turn to a gluten-free diet and to tetracycline hydrochloride therapy administered orally. The purpose of this report is to relate the clinical and immunological findings in this case to published data from other patients with malabsorption and documented immunoglobulin deficiencies. Methods For Special Studies The serological and tissue techniques, as well as the method used to quantify mucosal lymphoid cells employing cell density indices (CDI), have been reported.4The CDI are arbitrary units which represent cells per unit area of interstitium.4In the previous study of eight specimens of normal human rectal mucosa, the CDI (mean ± SE of the mean) for IgA-, IgM- and IgG-containing lymphoid cells were 80.14

Cell Renewal in the Human Rectum

The generation time of the regenerative population in the human rectal mucosa was studied in normal subjects and in patients with ulcerative colitis. The double labeling technique with two pulses of 3H-thymidine, followed by autoradiography, was applied to biopsies incubated in vitro. The results showed that the mean turnover time in ulcerative colitis was significatively shorter than in the normal tissue (34 and 90 hr, respectively; 0.01 > P > 0.001). An extension of the regenerative zone toward the upper part of the crypts was also observed. This suggests that in ulcerative colitis the morphological evolution of the rectal mucosa toward atrophy, which expresses an alteration of the normal equilibrium between cell loss and cell production, is explained by an increased rate of cell desstruction rather than by decreased rate of cell formation.

The Fine Structure of Human Rectal Mucosa: The epithelial lining of the base of the crypt

The Fine Structure of Human Rectal Mucosa: The epithelial lining of the base of the crypt

Distribution of Immunoglobulins in Human Rectal Mucosa

Summary Eight normal subjects were studied utilizing a simplified technique for determining the number of pyroninophilic and immunoglobulin-containing cells per unit area of interstitial tissue in the rectal mucosa. Histologically normal proctoscopic biopsy sections were stained with methyl greenpyronin and fluorescein-labeled monospecific antisera against various human immunoglobulins. Cell density indices for pyroninophilic cells exceeded the sum of the cell density indices for immunoglobulin cells in each subject. IgA-containing cells predominated over IgM, IgG, and IgD cells. These quantitative histological and immunohistochemical data provide normal values for continuing studies of local immunological processes in the normal and diseased gastrointestinal tract. In addition, IgA repeatedly was identified within the apical portion of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of rectal mucosal glands. The predominance of IgA in gastrointestinal tissues and secretions and the finding of intraepithelial cell IgA support the concept of a unique type of local IgA system, the biological importance of which remains unknown.

Distribution of Immunoglobulins in Human Rectal Mucosa

Summary This study endeavored to identify and quantitate the major classes of immunoglobulins in rectal mucosal biopsies from 9 adults with quiescent or mildly active ulcerative colitis and 7 abnormal mucosal control subjects. Serial cryostat-cut tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, methyl green-pyronin, and fluorescein-conjugated monospecific antisera to human serum immunoglobulins. As in normal and abnormal control subjects, IgA was demonstrated within the apical portion of the cytoplasm of rectal mucosal epithelial cells in all ulcerative colitis tissues. Although IgA cells predominated over IgM-, IgG-, and IgD-containing cells, the population density of IgA cells in the lamina propria of the rectal mucosa in ulcerative colitis was lower than in normal rectal tissues. Unlike control subjects, in ulcerative colitis IgA commonly was present in extracellular interstitial mucosal sites and IgA-containing cells were distributed irregularly and some fields showed very few IgA cells. The mean number of IgG cells per unit area of mucosal interstitium also was reduced in ulcerative colitis rectal tissues. The ulcerative colitis patients and the two control groups showed no staining differences for IgM and IgD.

Effect of secretin on human rectal mucosa in vivo.

IT is now more than 60 years since secretin was discovered and since its significance with respect to pancreatic and biliary secretion was recognized1. Later investigations have led to the conclusion that pancreatic juice2 and bile3 can both be considered to be a mixture of two fluid components which are probably secreted by different cells and under independent physiological control; that is, they are made up of a fluid which is rich in electrolytes and a fraction containing a high concentration of the macromolecular secretory products of the exocrine cells. The principal effect of secretin seems to be to stimulate formation of the “electrolyte fraction”, but its precise mode of action is still unknown.

Electron microscopy of the human rectal mucosa. A comparison of idiopathic ulcerative colitis with inflammation of known etiologies.

Electron microscopy of the human rectal mucosa. A comparison of idiopathic ulcerative colitis with inflammation of known etiologies.

Chemical basis for the [H+] gradient across frog skin.

ARTICLESChemical basis for the [H+] gradient across frog skinRT Friedman, NS LaPrade, RM Aiyawar, and EG HufRT Friedman, NS LaPrade, RM Aiyawar, and EG HufPublished Online:01 May 1967https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.212.5.962MoreSectionsPDF (3 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByA novel subtilisin-like serine protease of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is induced by thyroid hormone and degrades antimicrobial peptidesFungal Biology, Vol. 117, No. 6Seasonal variations in integumental glycoconjugates ofRana rugosaThe Anatomical Record, Vol. 249, No. 1Cutaneous and renal responses to intravascular infusions of HCl and NH4Cl in the bullfrog (Rana catesbiana)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 84, No. 1Studies on the attachment response ofIsthmiophora melis cercariae (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)Zeitschrift f�r Parasitenkunde Parasitology Research, Vol. 71, No. 4The epithelium of Rana pipiens excretes H+ and NH+4 in acidosis and HCO−13 in alkalosisComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 68, No. 3Excretion of K+ by frog skin with rate varying with K+ loadComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 69, No. 1Transport Across Amphibian SkinIonic exchanges in isolated and open-circuited toad skinThe Journal of Membrane Biology, Vol. 35, No. 1Numerical simulation of Na* washout rates in whole frog skinAnnals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 2Some features of hydrogen (ion) secretion by the frog skinBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 406, No. 1The excretion of hydrogen ion by the isolated amphibian skin: Effects of antidiuretic hormone and amilorideBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 382, No. 3Chloride transport in isolated skin of Rana esculentaPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 355, No. 2Flask cells and epidermal dynamics in frog skin20 August 2009 | Journal of Zoology, Vol. 175, No. 1Conductance Recording of Ionic Outflow from Frog Skin Glands during Nerve StimulationActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 93, No. 1Analyse der invasionsmechanismen der cercarie von Diplostomum spathaceum—II. Chemische invasionsstimuliInternational Journal for Parasitology, Vol. 4, No. 3GAS EXCHANGES AND BLOOD GAS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE FORG RANA RIDIBUNDA1 June 1974 | Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 60, No. 3Adrenoceptors and salt and water movement in epitheliaNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, Vol. 281, No. 3Role of Na+ and anions in the triple response of isolated frog skin to norepinephrineBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 323, No. 2Carbonic anhydrase activity in Rana pipiens skin: biochemical and histochemical analysisHistochemie, Vol. 36, No. 1Na+ pool and Na+ concentration in epidermis of frog skinBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 291, No. 2CARBONIC ANHYDRASE:ISOENZYMES. PROPERTIES. DISTRIBUTION. AND FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCEBiological Reviews, Vol. 47, No. 4β-Adrenergic stimulation of frog skin mucous glands: Non-specific inhibition by adrenergic blocking agentsComparative and General Pharmacology, Vol. 2, No. 7Movement of CO2 and HCO3 across isolated frog skinBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 225, No. 1The production of a hydrogen ion gradient across the isolated frog skin quantitative aspects and the effect of acetazolamideBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 203, No. 3Histochemistry of mucus in the skin of the frog,Rana pipiensThe Anatomical Record, Vol. 166, No. 4The action of beta adrenergic site stimulating, catecholamines on isolated frog skinBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 203, No. 1Effect of Secretin on Human Rectal Mucosa in vivo1 February 1968 | Nature, Vol. 217, No. 5127Effects of NH4+-ions on acid-base properties and ion movements in isolated frog skinComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 23, No. 3Electrolytes in frog skin secretionsComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 23, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 212Issue 5May 1967Pages 962-972 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1967 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.212.5.962PubMed6023881History Published online 1 May 1967 Published in print 1 May 1967 Metrics

An autoradiographic study of the renewal of argentaffin cells in human rectal mucosa

The proliferation of argentaffin cells has been studied in human rectal mucosa by combining histochemical identification of argentaffin cells with microautoradiography. The observed minimum duration of the G2 (premitotic) portion of interphase was 5 3 4 hr, and estimates of replacement time of the argentaffin cell population were about 35–100 days. Within these estimates, the generation time of individual cells appeared to vary greatly, some remaining for long periods in the G2 or G1 (postmitotic) portions of interphase.

Observations of Cell Renewal in Human Rectal Mucosa in vivo With Thymidine-H3

Observations of Cell Renewal in Human Rectal Mucosa in vivo With Thymidine-H3

Normal human rectal mucosa and its mechanism of repair

1. The histologic appearance of 100 biopsy specimens of normal rectal mucosa has been studied.

Buffered osmium tetroxide (OsO4) fixation for cytological and Feulgen microspectrophotometric studies of human rectal polyps.

Evidence has been presented that when human rectal mucosa and polyps are fixed with buffered OsO(4) according to the method of Palade, staining of paraffin sections by basic and acidic dyes results in a distinct color difference between chromatin and cytoplasm. Furthermore, the Feulgen reaction also can be carried out successfully and such OsO(4)-fixed Feulgen-stained sections are especially suitable for microspectrophotometric determinations of DNA in individual nuclei.