Human Physiological Parameters Research Articles

Reliability analysis of a mini-instrument for simultaneous monitoring water content, deep tissue temperature, and hemodynamic parameters

Autoimmune diseases, congenital genetic diseases, cancer and other diseases originated by immune or genetic problems threaten public health. Gene/cell therapy is a highlighted potential method for the treatment of these diseases. But it causes cytokine storm, which probably triggers multiple organ failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and so on. In this work, a novel device for monitoring multiple physiological parameters response to cytokine storm is designed. Some measures are taken to make custom device have better sensitivity, specificity and robustness, including utilization of twisted-pair line, design of 50 Hz trap filter, and utilization of voltage follower. Several reliability tests of this device are conducted, which includes sensitivity test, stability test and pre-clinical experiments. The results of these reliability tests demonstrate that custom device has good sensitivity, stability and reliability and potential for measuring human physiological parameters.

PCA-based magnification method for revealing small signals in video

Video magnification techniques are useful for visualizing small changes in videos. Current methods are mainly applied for two aspects: motion amplification and color amplification. For instance, Eulerian video magnification (EVM) has shown impressive results in the context of color of human face and subtle head motion caused by the influx of blood at each beat. Such visual results have possible applications in non-contact human physiological parameter measurement, such as heart rate estimation. Unfortunately, the linear EVM is sensitive to noise and frequencies of the changes should be customized, which generates a limitation of applications. This paper presents an advanced EVM for magnifying the signal amplitude in the presence of relatively high noise as well as unknown the frequencies of changes in video. Principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to decompose the frames and the component whose spatial variation best matches small changes to be magnified. The advantage of PCA-based method is that it can select the subtle signals with a denoising process like spatial filtering. Experimental results show that the PCA-based EVM can support larger amplification factors for small changes visualization as well as less noise and artifacts.

Micro-patterned graphene-based sensing skins for human physiological monitoring

Ultrathin, flexible, conformal, and skin-like electronic transducers are emerging as promising candidates for noninvasive and nonintrusive human health monitoring. In this work, a wearable sensing membrane is developed by patterning a graphene-based solution onto ultrathin medical tape, which can then be attached to the skin for monitoring human physiological parameters and physical activity. Here, the sensor is validated for monitoring finger bending/movements and for recognizing hand motion patterns, thereby demonstrating its future potential for evaluating athletic performance, physical therapy, and designing next-generation human-machine interfaces. Furthermore, this study also quantifies the sensor’s ability to monitor eye blinking and radial pulse in real-time, which can find broader applications for the healthcare sector. Overall, the printed graphene-based sensing skin is highly conformable, flexible, lightweight, nonintrusive, mechanically robust, and is characterized by high strain sensitivity.

A Detection Device for the Signs of Human Life in Accident

A detection device for the signs of human life in accidents is a device used in emergency situations, such as the crash site. the scene of natural disasters, the battlefield ruins. it designed to detect the life signs of the distress under the injured ambulance vital signs devices. The device can on human vital signs, including pulse, respiration physiological signals to make rapid and accurate response. After some calculations, and after contrast to normal human physiological parameters given warning signals, in order for them to make timely ambulance judgment. In this case the device is required to do gymnastics convenience, ease of movement, power and detection of small flexible easy realization. This device has the maximum protection of the wounded safety significance.

Sex-specific risk assessment of PFHxS using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model.

Perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), which belongs to the group of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), has been extensively used in industry and subsequently detected in the environment. Its use may be problematic, as PFHxS is known to induce neuronal cell death, and has been associated with early onset menopause in women and with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Due to these impending issues, the aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for PFHxS in male and female rats, and apply this to a human health risk assessment. We conducted this study in vivo after the oral or intravenous administration of PFHxS in male (dose of 10mg/kg) and female rats (dose of 0.5-10mg/kg). The biological samples consisted of plasma, nine tissues, urine, and feces. We analyzed the sample using ultra-liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Our findings showed the tissue-plasma partition coefficients for PFHxS were highest in the liver. The predicted rat plasma and tissue concentrations using a simulation fitted well with the observed values. We extrapolated the PBPK model in male and female rats to a human PBPK model of PFHxS based on human physiological parameters. The reference doses of 0.711µg/kg/day (male) and 0.159µg/kg/day (female) and external doses of 0.007µg/kg/day (male) and 0.006µg/kg/day (female) for human risk assessment were estimated using Korean biomonitoring values. This study provides valuable insight into human health risk assessment regarding PFHxS exposure.

Noninvasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Using a Multisensor-Based Glucometer and Time Series Analysis

Daily continuous glucose monitoring is very helpful in the control of glucose levels for people with diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. In this study, a multisensor-based, noninvasive continuous glucometer was developed, which can continuously estimate glucose levels via monitoring of physiological parameter changes such as impedance spectroscopy at low and high frequency, optical properties, temperature and humidity. Thirty-three experiments were conducted for six healthy volunteers and three volunteers with diabetes. Results showed that the average correlation coefficient between the estimated glucose profiles and reference glucose profiles reached 0.8314, with a normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) of 14.6064. The peak time of postprandial glucose was extracted from the glucose profile, and its estimated value had a correlation coefficient of 0.9449 with the reference value, wherein the root mean square error (RMSE) was 6.8958 min. Using Clarke error grid (CEG) analysis, 100% of the estimated glucose values fell in the clinically acceptable zones A and B, and 92.86% fell in zone A. The application of a multisensor-based, noninvasive continuous glucometer and time series analysis can endure the time delay between human physiological parameters and glucose level changes, so as to potentially accomplish noninvasive daily continuous glucose monitoring.

Omega-3 fatty acids correlate with gut microbiome diversity and production of N-carbamylglutamate in middle aged and elderly women

Omega-3 fatty acids may influence human physiological parameters in part by affecting the gut microbiome. The aim of this study was to investigate the links between omega-3 fatty acids, gut microbiome diversity and composition and faecal metabolomic profiles in middle aged and elderly women. We analysed data from 876 twins with 16S microbiome data and DHA, total omega-3, and other circulating fatty acids. Estimated food intake of omega-3 fatty acids were obtained from food frequency questionnaires. Both total omega-3and DHA serum levels were significantly correlated with microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon index) after adjusting for confounders (DHA Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.04), P = 0.0006 total omega-3: 0.13(0.04), P = 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjusting for dietary fibre intake. We found even stronger associations between DHA and 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), the strongest ones being with OTUs from the Lachnospiraceae family (Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.03), P = 8 × 10−7). Some of the associations with gut bacterial OTUs appear to be mediated by the abundance of the faecal metabolite N-carbamylglutamate. Our data indicate a link between omega-3 circulating levels/intake and microbiome composition independent of dietary fibre intake, particularly with bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family. These data suggest the potential use of omega-3 supplementation to improve the microbiome composition.

Impact of space weather on human heart rate during the years 2011–2013

During the last years a possible link between different levels of solar and geomagnetic disturbances and human physiological parameters is suggested by several published studies. In this work the examination of the potential association between heart rate variations and specific space weather activities was performed. A total of 482 individuals treated at Hippocratio General Hospital in Athens, the Cardiology clinics of Nikaia General Hospital in Piraeus and the Heraklion University Hospital in Crete, Greece, were assessed from July 2011 to April 2013. The heart rate of the individuals was recorded by a Holter monitor on a n hourly basis, while the hourly variations of the cosmic ray intensity measured by the Neutron Monitor Station of the Athens University and of the geomagnetic index Dst provided by the Kyoto Observatory were used. The ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) and the Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used for analysis of these data. A statistically significant effect of both cosmic rays and geomagnetic activity on heart rate was observed, which may indicate that changes in space weather could be linked to heart rate variations.

Human Physiological Parameter Detection System Based on Android and Arduino

According to the need of real-time monitoring of the human physiological parameters, a human physiological parameters detection system based on Android and Arduino is proposed. Human body temperature and pulse value are measured by the detection circuit of Arduino, and these data are transferred to mobile devices via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). The application software based on Android system displays and stores these physiological parameter data. When the measured value is beyond the threshold, it would send warning information to the guardian and meanwhile send tips to the testee. The experimental results show that the system meets the requirements of real-time monitoring and recording of the human body physiological parameters, and alarms when it detects abnormal body temperature or pulse value.

Wilderness dermatology: mountain exposures

Exploring the mountains is a highly rewarding past time; however, certain high-altitude exposures can lead to dermatologic manifestations. In this review article, the authors will describe cold, solar, and severe weather that one may experience when spending time outdoors. Factors such as increased ultraviolet radiation, temperature extremes, and low partial pressure of oxygen, along with human physiologic parameters also contribute to disease severity and presentation. This review article will address the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of high-altitude dermatology exposures.

Study of effects of yoga and pranayama on human reaction time and certain physiological parameters in normal and hypertensive subjects

Background: Yoga is a process of gaining control over the mind, as defined by Patanjali. Stress has been implicated as one of the major causes of essential hypertension. Yoga works on every cell of the body. Yoga influences body as well as controls the stress in the individual. An index of the processing ability of central nervous system and a simple means of determining sensory-motor performance is referred to as reaction time (RT). It has been proclaimed that human performance including central neural processing is improved by yoga training. It improves cardiorespiratory performance, balances autonomic nervous system, decreases pulse, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Aims and Objective: To show the effects of yoga and pranayam on auditory and visual RT and on certain physiological parameters such as weight, body mass index, pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in normal and hypertensive subjects. Materials and Methods: This comparative type of study included 70 normal and 70 hypertensive subjects. It was carried on subjects between 30 and 60 years of age. Auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) were studied in subjects with “Response Analyzer” reaction time apparatus. The physiological parameters such as weight, body mass index, pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Parameters were measured in two sittings; on admission to yoga center and after 3 months. Statistical software STATA Version 10.0 was used for statistical analysis. Result: It was found that changes in the RT and physiological parameters were significant in hypertensive subjects when compared with normal individuals. Conclusion: Yoga is a helpful intervention in hypertensive subjects. Yoga and pranayam are more beneficial to hypertensive subjects. RT is an index of cortical arousal, and a decrease in it indicates an improved sensory-motor performance and an enhanced processing ability of the central nervous system.

Video-based human heart rate measurement using joint blind source separation

Abstract Remote (non-contact) measurements of human cardiopulmonary physiological parameters based on photoplethysmography (PPG) can lead to efficient and comfortable medical assessment, which is important in human healthcare. It was shown that human facial blood volume variation during cardiac cycle can be indirectly captured by common Red–Green–Blue (RGB) cameras. In this paper, we show that it is promising to incorporate data from different facial sub-regions to improve remote measurement performance. We propose a novel method for non-contact video-based human heart rate (HR) measurement by exploring correlations among facial sub-regions via joint blind source separation (J-BSS). To our knowledge, this is the first time that J-BSS approaches, instead of prevailing BSS techniques such as independent component analysis (ICA), is successfully applied in non-contact physiological parameter measurement. We test the proposed method on a large public database, which provides the subjects’ left-thumb plethysmograph signals as ground truth. Experimental results show that the proposed J-BSS method outperforms previous ICA-based methodologies.

Portable Human Physiological Parameters Detection System

Currently, with the accelerated aging, the number of elderly people is more and more. For the elderly, health is the largest problem need to care about, the aged cannot know real-time their physiological indicators. With age, the onset of some diseases is very fast, for some unexpected illness, inability to immediately notify the family or a doctor, which could cause serious consequences. Based on this, a portable human physiological parameters detection system is designed in this paper. This system consists of two parts: The first one is the microcontroller-based human physiological index detection system, which uses hierarchical and modular design. Data sensors collect data, then sent the collected data to the MCU for analysis and processing, finally setting the threshold of the indicators by software programming. The other one is communication using SIM900A GPRS module. The sensor detects abnormal parameters, then the MCU sends preset text message or a preset phone to notify the family or the hospital, for treatment of the patient, So as to realize the functions of detection and treatment. Keyword: Human physiological parameters; Portable; Detection system

Study of effects of yoga and pranayam on human reaction time and certain physiological parameters in normal and hypertensive subjects

Study of effects of yoga and pranayam on human reaction time and certain physiological parameters in normal and hypertensive subjects

Potential indicators for the effect of temperature steps on human health and thermal comfort

This study explored human physiological and biochemical responses to temperature steps. Experiments with three step-change conditions (S5: 32°C-37°C-32°C, S11: 26°C-37°C-26°C, and S15: 22°C-37°C-22°C) were conducted with 24 volunteered participants. Various biomarkers and physiological parameters, reflecting functions of immune system (serum level of IL-6 and HSP70), thermal metabolism system (oral temperature and skin temperature), respiratory system (RR and SPO2) and cardiovascular system (HR and HRV measures), were recorded. The statistical analysis shows that IL-6, oral temperature, skin temperature, HR and HRV are sensitive to temperature step changes. Moreover, both temperature step intensity and direction have significant impacts on human physiological parameters. Human responses of skin temperature and HRV (RMSSD and LF/HF) are significantly more sensitive to temperature down steps, indicating that the risk of down-step may be more serious than that of its up-step counterpart. In addition, significant relations were observed between subjective perceptions and physiological parameters with the method of canonical correlation analysis.

A low power miniaturized monitoring system of six human physiological parameters based on wearable body sensor network

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design a low-power human physiological parameters monitoring system which can monitor six vital parameters simultaneously based on wearable body sensor network. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a low-power multiple physiological parameters monitoring system (MPMS) which comprises four subsystems. These are: electrocardiogram (ECG)/respiration (RESP) parameters monitoring subsystem with embedded algorithms; blood oxygen (SpO2)/pulse rate (PR)/body temperature (BT)/blood pressure (BP) parameters monitoring subsystem with embedded algorithms; main control subsystem which is in charge of system-level power management, communication and interaction design; and upper computer software subsystem which manipulates system function and analyzes data. Findings – Results have successfully demonstrated monitoring human ECG, RESP, PR, SpO2, BP and BT simultaneously using the MPMS device. In addition, the power reduction technique developed in this work at the physical/hardware level is effective. Reliability of algorithms developed for monitoring these parameters is assessed by Fluke Prosim8 Vital Signs Simulators (produced by Fluke Corp. USA). Practical implications – The MPMS device provides long-term health monitoring without interference from normal personal activities, which potentially allows applications in real-time daily healthcare monitoring, chronic diseases monitoring, elderly monitoring, human emotions recognization and so on. Originality/value – First, a power reduction technique at the physical/hardware level is designed to realize low power consumption. Second, the proposed MPMS device enables simultaneously monitoring six key parameters. Third, unlike most monitoring systems in bulk size, the proposed system is much smaller (118 × 58 × 18.5 mm3, 140 g total weight). In addition, a comfortable smart shirt is fabricated to accommodate the portable device, offering reliable measurements.

Wireless Wearable T-Shirt for Posture Monitoring During Rehabilitation Exercises

The monitoring of any human physiological parameters during rehabilitation exercises requires noninvasive sensors for the patient. This paper describes a wireless wearable T-shirt for posture monitoring during rehabilitation or reinforcement exercises. The subject posture is measured through a sensorized T-shirt using an inductive sensor sewn directly on the fabric. The wireless wearable T-shirt design specifications are the following: independence from the remote unit, easy to use, lightweight and comfort of wearing. This paper reports the conceptual framework, the fabricated device description, and the adopted experimental setup. The instrumented T-shirt's output data are compared with the data obtained via an optical system, as a gold standard, that measures the marker positions over the patient's back and chest. The trials performed on four subjects obtained on different days demonstrate that the wireless wearable sensor described in this paper is capable of producing reliable data compared with the data obtained with the optical system. The constitutive sensor simplicity that includes only a copper wire and a separable circuit board allows achieving the objectives of simplicity, ease of use, and noninvasiveness. The sensorized T-shirt, integrated with designed conditioning and transmission electronics for remote communication, could be used as a support tool for postural monitoring during rehabilitation exercises.

Low-power wireless electronic capsule for long-term gastrointestinal monitoring.

Combining ASIC and multiple microsensors low-power wireless electronic capsule was developed for the long-term monitoring of the entire human gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. To meet the system requirements, several low-power designs were used in the wireless electronic capsule. The capsule measured 11 × 22 mm including batteries (45mAh). The capsule system's lifetime was 233 h, and it could meet the requirements of almost all clinical applications. A wireless electronic capsule, portable data recorder, and workstation comprised the human GI physiological parameters monitoring system. In this paper, this system was used in a clinical trial to compare colon peristaltic pressure between patients with constipation and healthy people.

PHDA: A priority based health data aggregation with privacy preservation for cloud assisted WBANs

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), as a promising health-care system, can timely monitor human physiological parameters. Due to the limitation of communications, power, storage and computation in WBANs, a cloud assisted WBAN flourishes and provides more reliable, real-time, and intelligent health-care services for patients and mobile users. However, it is still critical to efficiently aggregate the different types of WBAN data to the cloud server. In addition, security and privacy concerns are also of paramount importance during the communications between WBAN and cloud. In this paper, we propose a priority based health data aggregation (PHDA) scheme with privacy preservation for cloud assisted WBANs to improve the aggregation efficiency among different types of health data. Specifically, we first explore social spots to help forward health data and enable users to select the optimal relay according to their social ties. According to different data priorities, the adjustable forwarding strategies can be selected to forward the user’s health data to the cloud servers with the reasonable communication overheads. The security analysis demonstrates that the PHDA can achieve identity and data privacy preservation, and resist the forgery attacks. Finally, the performance evaluation shows that the PHDA achieves the desirable delivery ratio with reasonable communication costs and lower delay for the data in different priorities.

Effect of low pressure environment on human thermal sensation and physiological parameters in aircraft cabin

Effect of low pressure environment on human thermal sensation and physiological parameters in aircraft cabin