Principles Of Human Perception Research Articles

The anthropology of Islamic modernism – Jadidism

Introduction. This article is an attempt to study the anthropological views of Jadidism, one of the trends of Islamic modernist reformism aimed at bringing Muslim fundamental religious values closer to secular European culture. In an attempt to bring traditional Muslim anthropological categories closer to the European humanistic understanding of man, Jadid thought forms an updated Westernized version of Muslim anthropology.Materials and Methods. The material for the article was the researches of R. S. Khakimov, H. Bekiri, A. H. Basyrov, D. M. Iskhakov, M. Iqbal, M. Аbduh, G. Marranci, devoted to the analysis of anthropological concepts of Jadidism, formulating the basic principles of human perception by Islamic modernism. The article uses methods of systematic and comparative analysis, generalization and historical and philosophical analysis.Results. The conducted research shows that Jadidism develops the concepts of human freedom and personality, overcoming the determinism traditional for Islam, rethinks the anthropic principle in religious Muslim categories. The emphasis is placed on the personal beginning of a person, the center of his activity, due to the rational component and the presence of free will. Using these tools, a person communicates with the divine principle through the knowledge of the universe, synergistically applying the religious precepts of Islam in combination with the current scientific picture of the world. At the same time, the process of self-knowledge of a person as essentially refracting the divine nature in his nature is also important.Discussion and Conclusions. The author of the study managed to conduct a comparative, systematic and historical-philosophical analysis of the anthropological positions of Islamic modernist reformism – Jadidism – in the works of both domestic and foreign thinkers. As a result, the author managed to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the basic anthropological principles of Jadidism, as well as to trace the influence of various factors on the formation of the anthropology of Islamic modernism.

Infographics Wizard: Flexible Infographics Authoring and Design Exploration

AbstractInfographics are an aesthetic visual representation of information following specific design principles of human perception. Designing infographics can be a tedious process for non‐experts and time‐consuming, even for professional designers. With the help of designers, we propose a semi‐automated infographic framework for general structured and flow‐based infographic design generation. For novice designers, our framework automatically creates and ranks infographic designs for a user‐provided text with no requirement for design input. However, expert designers can still provide custom design inputs to customize the infographics. We will also contribute an individual visual group (VG) designs dataset (in SVG), along with a 1k complete infographic image dataset with segmented VGs in this work. Evaluation results confirm that by using our framework, designers from all expertise levels can generate generic infographic designs faster than existing methods while maintaining the same quality as hand‐designed infographics templates.

Path-Based Analysis for Structure-Preserving Image Filtering

Structure-preserving image filtering is an image smoothing technique that aims to preserve prominent structures while removing unwanted details in natural images. However, relevant studies mainly focus on small variances/fluctuations suppression and are vulnerable to separate pixels connected by some low-contrast edges or cluster pixels which exhibit strong differences between neighbors in highly textured region. Inspired by the fact that the human visual system significantly outperforms manually designed operators in extracting meaningful structures from natural scenes, we present an efficient structure-preserving filtering method which integrates similarity, proximity and continuation principles of human perception to accomplish high-contrast details (textures/noises) smoothing. Additionally, a Liebig’s law of minimum-based distance transform is presented to seamlessly incorporate the three properties for the description of the filter kernel. Experiments demonstrate that our distance transform keeps a clustering-like manner of separating different image pixels and grouping similar ones with the awareness of structure. When integrating this affinity measure into the bilateral-filter-like framework, our method can efficiently remove high-contrast textures/noises while preserving major structures.

Архітектоніка і темп прес-марафону президента України В. Зеленського

The main schemes of architectonics, which is a structural base of television action, general outward form of construction and interrelation of its parts, their correlation to each other are determined. The pattern of application of archetypical principle of human perception of stories from Aristotle’s first works to use of communication technologies of proportionality of journalist’s text construction by contemporary TV reporters and screenwriters are researched. The novelty of the study is in an attempt to segregate clearly the notions of script composition from architectonics, the essence of difference of priority of the rhythm category namely for architectonics. The objective of the study is to determine the basic schemes of architectonics which is the structural basis of television action, the general appearance and interrelation of its parts, their correlation with each other. Such empirical research methods as observation, abstraction and analysis have been applied. The result of the study was the analysis of television scripts of various programs, definition of main components of architectonics – its beginning, middle and end parts, as well as presentation of structural diagrams of script architectonics. It is emphasized that the action in the scenario should be organized in such way that the dramatic tension curve and the viewer interest curve are being evenly raised from the beginning to the end of the spectacle. The scenario construction of a record-breaking press-marathon with the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyi that took place on October 10, 2019 in the capital of Ukraine at Kyiv Food Market was first studied in the scientific literature.

Visual Perception of Architecture According to the Theory of Juliusz Żórawski

Visual perception is the most important psychological process which allows to perceive an architectural object. Drawing on the principles of human perception, Juliusz Żórawski - a graduate of the Faculty of Architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology and a famous Polish architect of the interwar period - formed his theory during World War II. The purpose of this article is to introduce the main assumptions of his theory. According to Żórawski, every person perceives the world in an individual and unique way. Transmission of the perceived images to another person requires working out a simplified perception code. This code is not based on the meaning of context but on the sequence of perceptual decoding, common for all people. The most important element in this code is the arrangement of characteristic points, called “communication points,” which hold the viewer’s attention. Decoding the points as a sequence of glances, which move from a point to a point creates a set of straight lines. This set of straight lines is the code for reading the spatial structure of an architectural object. Therefore, an important element of any architectural design is to propose a set of highly explicit focal points. In conclusion, the essence of Juliusz Żórawski’s theory lies in the characteristics of the human psyche like the search for straight lines, trying to understand what is being seen, the perception of the outside world as a set of arrangements against the surrounding background. It should be emphasized that the main elements of his theory are confirmed by contemporary neuropsychological findings. This shows how many disciplines of science the art of architecture comprises.

Co-occurrence context of the data-driven quantized local ternary patterns for visual recognition

In this paper, we describe a novel local descriptor of image texture representation for visual recognition. The image features based on micro-descriptors such as local binary patterns (LBP) and local ternary patterns (LTP) have been very successful in a number of applications including face recognition, object detection, and texture analysis. Instead of binary quantization in LBP, LTP thresholds the differential values between a focused pixel and its neighborhood pixels into three gray levels, which can be explained as the active status (i.e., positively activated, negatively activated, and not activated) of the neighborhood pixels compared to the focused pixel. However, regardless of the magnitude of the focused pixel, the thresholding strategy remains fixed, which would violate the principle of human perception. Therefore, in this study, we design LTP with a data-driven threshold according to Weber’s law, a human perception principle; further, our approach incorporates the contexts of spatial and orientation co-occurrences (i.e., co-occurrence context) among adjacent Weber-based local ternary patterns (WLTPs, i.e., data-driven quantized LTPs) for texture representation. The explored WLTP is formulated by adaptively quantizing differential values between neighborhood pixels and the focused pixel as negative or positive stimuli if the normalized differential values are large; otherwise, the stimulus is set to 0. Our approach here is based on the fact that human perception of a distinguished pattern depends not only on the absolute intensity of the stimulus but also on the relative variance of the stimulus. By integrating co-occurrence context information, we further propose a rotation invariant co-occurrence WLTP (RICWLTP) approach to be more discriminant for image representation. In order to validate the efficiency of our proposed strategy, we apply this to three different visual recognition applications including two texture datasets and one food image dataset and prove the promising performance that can be achieved compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.

Integration of spatial and orientation contexts in local ternary patterns for HEp-2 cell classification

In this paper, we describe a novel image representation strategy for classifying HEp-2 cell patterns of fluorescence staining. Our proposed strategy extends local binary patterns (LBPs), which are state-of-the-art texture features, into local ternary patterns (LTPs) with data-driven thresholds according to Weber’s law, a human perception principle; further, our approach incorporates the contexts of spatial and orientation co-occurrences among adjacent Weber-based local ternary patterns (WLTPs) for texture representation. The explored WLTP is formulated by adaptively quantizing differential values between neighborhood pixels and the focused pixel as negative or positive stimuli if the normalized differential values are large; otherwise the stimulus is set to 0. Our approach here is based on the fact that human perception of a distinguished pattern depends not only on the absolute intensity of the stimulus but also on the relative variance of the stimulus. By integrating spatial and orientation context information, we further propose a rotation invariant co-occurrence WLTP (RICWLTP) approach to be more discriminant for image representation. Through experiment on the open HEp-2 cell dataset used at the ICPR2014 contest, we confirmed that our proposed strategy can greatly improve recognition performance or achieve comparable performance as compared with state-of-the-art LBP-based descriptor, the conventional LTP, and adaptively codebook/model based methods.

NATURALNESS OF CHANGEABILITY AND VARIABILITY IN CONTACT SITUATIONS – PROPERTIES OF LANGUAGES OR LINGUISTIC FACULTIES OF COMMUNICATING AGENTS

The paper tackles two investigative approaches to the study of mutual influences among languages in which researchers focus either on languages themselves or on communicating individuals. Considering the question of whether and to what extent the contact-conditioned language development results from structural properties of respective languages, or is rather triggered by psychic properties of their speakers, the study exposes, on the basis of selected literature on the subject, a causative role of humans in language contacts. At the same time, it argues that the search for unborrowable language features and structures entails defining naturalness, unmarkedness, and markedness in terms of human abilities. More critically, this paper substantiates the statement that uncovering the rules, which govern the contact-induced language change in terms of communicative properties of humans, implies, for example, the necessity of dealing with identity and group affiliations of multilingual subjects demonstrable, apart from language transfer and lexical and grammatical interference, mostly in codeswitching. Thus, the author argues that the sources of linguistic changeability and variability in contact situations must be read, in the first instance, into the psychic conditionings of socially and culturally determined language speakers. All in all, she tries to prove that linguistic borrowings cannot be examined in accordance with universal applicability or absoluteness but with reference to principles of human perception, memorizing, the ability of association, etc., as well as the economy of effort in communication in conjunction with individual and socio-cultural needs of humans, their knowledge and attitudes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.8.6

Perceptual grouping by tensor voting: a comparative survey of recent approaches

Tensor voting is a computational framework that addresses the problem of perceptual organisation. It was designed to convey human perception principles into a unified framework that can be adapted to extract visually salient elements from possibly noisy or corrupted images. The original formulation featured some concerns that made it difficult or impractical to be applied directly. Therefore, several partial or total theoretical reformulations or augmentations have been proposed. These almost parallel publication were presented in different directions, with different priorities and even in a different notation. Thus, the authors observed the need for a coherent description and comparison of the different proposals. This work, after describing the original approach of tensor voting, reviews and explains a number of high impact theoretical modifications in a self‐contained manner and including possible future directions of work. The authors have selected and organised a number of formulations and unified the way the problem is addressed across the different proposals. The aim of this study is to contribute with a modern comprehensive source of information on the theoretical aspects of tensor voting.

The structuring of narrative texts into figure and ground: attention, memory and language DOI - 10.5752/P.2358-3428.2014v18n34p163

In narrative texts, some events compose the core story line and, due to their cognitive status of focus and salience, are grammatically and discursively marked as figure. Events that do not share this status are marked as narrative ground and provide information that support those central story. elements (HOPPER, 1979; TENUTA, 2006). This process of figuration in narratives reflects the cognitive principle of human perception in terms of figure and ground, proposed by the Gestalt Psychology. (KOFFKA, 1975; WERTHEIMER, 1938). This article aims at reporting results of a study that investigated the process of figuration in oral narratives produced by 13 subjects. It was tested the hypothesis of a relation between the occurrence of figure or ground narrative units and tasks with distinct cognitive demands of attention and memory. A logistic regression model showed patterns of narrative structuring connected to specific task types. The results suggest a correlation between linguistic representation of information from memory (BADDELEY, 2007’s memory model) and the amount of narrative ground structures. From Bruner (2002) and Chafe’s (1990) perspectives, it is understood that narratives produced from memory content tend to have more ground units, with greater manipulation of cognitive models, not reflecting an objective representation of reality.

A systems theoretical model for human perception in multimodal presence systems

Advanced virtual environment and telepresence systems (here termed presence systems) are to display a continuous flow of information to the human operator in several modalities of human perception. Such multimodal stimulation enhances the quality of the human operator's interaction with the remote, or virtual environment. Dynamics and bilaterality in interaction between operator and environment complicate model-based display to the operator, particularly for the human proximity (haptic) senses. In this paper it is shown how a mathematical model of the human perception process, in the terminology of systems theory, can contribute to convergence and progress in an interdisciplinary research held with regard to problem structuring, systematic planning and evaluation of experiments, and model-based generation of multimodal stimuli. The proposed systems theoretical framework describes the principles of human perception as a concatenation of nonlinear vector mappings. The efficacy and benefits of the presented theory are demonstrated by formal descriptions of sensory substitution experimental results found in the literature, and novel experiments performed in a virtual environment.

The Effective Use of Color for Text on the IBM 5153 Color Display

The goal of this research was to provide a set of criteria for the effective use of color on the IBM 5153 Color Display. Available guidelines provide direction but not the detail required for application programmers. This study examined character legibility and subjective preference for color combinations in text in an application program. The effectiveness of color combinations was defined as a joint function of response time and subjective rating. The graphs of foreground/background color relationships show the observers' performance as a function of their preference. The results indicated the flexibility of black or blue backgrounds. The findings are discussed with respect to principles of human perception.