Human Participation Research Articles

Integration of an actor-critic model and generative adversarial networks for a Chinese calligraphy robot

As a combination of robotic motion planning and Chinese calligraphy culture, robotic calligraphy plays a significant role in the inheritance and education of Chinese calligraphy culture. Most existing calligraphy robots focus on enabling the robots to learn writing through human participation, such as human–robot interactions and manually designed evaluation functions. However, because of the subjectivity of art aesthetics, these existing methods require a large amount of implementation work from human engineers. In addition, the written results cannot be accurately evaluated. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we propose a robotic calligraphy model that combines a generative adversarial network (GAN) and deep reinforcement learning to enable a calligraphy robot to learn to write Chinese character strokes directly from images captured from Chinese calligraphic textbooks. In our proposed model, to automatically establish an aesthetic evaluation system for Chinese calligraphy, a GAN is first trained to understand and reconstruct stroke images. Then, the discriminator network is independently extracted from the trained GAN and embedded into a variant of the reinforcement learning method, the “actor-critic model”, as a reward function. Thus, a calligraphy robot adopts the improved actor-critic model to learn to write multiple character strokes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model successfully allows a calligraphy robot to write Chinese character strokes based on input stroke images. The performance of our model, compared with the state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning method, shows the efficacy of the combination approach. In addition, the key technology in this work shows promise as a solution for robotic autonomous assembly.

Determining the Effect of Extreme Weather Events on Human Participation in Recreation and Tourism: A Case Study of the Toronto Zoo

This study devises a novel approach for defining extreme weather events and assessing their effects on human participation in recreation and tourism, based on a case study of attendance at the Toronto Zoo (Toronto, ON, Canada). Daily zoo attendance data from 1999 to 2018 was obtained and analyzed in connection with daily weather data from local weather stations for the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, total precipitation, and maximum wind speed. The “climatic distance” method, used for evaluating representative weather stations for case studies in applied climatology, was employed to rank and select surrounding weather stations that most accurately captured daily weather observations recorded at the Toronto Zoo from 1990 to 1992. Extreme weather events can be defined as lying in the outermost (most unusual) 10 percent of a place’s history. Using this definition as the foundation, a percentile approach was developed to identify and assess the effects of extreme weather events across the following thresholds: the 99th percentile, the 95th percentile, and the 90th percentile, as well as less than the 1st percentile, less than the 5th percentile, and less than the 10th percentile. Additionally, revealed, theoretical, and binary thresholds were also assessed to verify their merit and determine their effects, and were compared to the extreme weather events defined by the percentiles approach. Overall, extreme daily weather events had statistically significant negative effects on zoo attendance in Toronto, apart from a few cases, such as the positive effect of usually warm daytime temperatures in the winter and usually cool nighttime temperatures in the summer. The most influential weather event across all seasons was extremely hot temperatures, which has important implications for climate change impact assessments.

Microcontroller-based electromechanical drive

This paper covers design and implementation of automated electromechanical drives for solar panels. It substantiates the need for using these devices when ensuring highly efficient generation of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES) is required and when human participation in the deployment of the device is impossible. The paper also considers the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of mobile solar power stations due to their automatic positioning during deployment and tracking the motion of the Sun in the sky through automatic control by the microcontroller-based electric drive directed by the incoming signals of the maximum irradiance tracking. The results of experimental tests of the developed microcontroller-based electromechanical drive are presented.

Habitat jako proces. Koncepcja środowiska zbudowanego w ujęciu dynamicznym

Habitat as a process: The concept of the built environment from a dynamic perspective The subject of the paper is a preliminary sketch of the theory of organization of the built environment, as an answer to the dynamics of urbanisation processes in the twenty-first century. The basic assumptions of this theory are: 1) the temporality and variability of habitat elements, 2) the irreducibility of the environment to its part, 3) the linking of different organisation scales, 4) balancing individual and collective factors, continuity and novelty, as well as conditioning and creative freedom; 5) human participation as an integral part of system description. The work uses earlier structuralist concepts, especially theories by J. Habraken, and also the assumptions of process philosophy by A.N. Whitehead. The result of the study is an outline of a processual model of environmental organisation, based on a original set of technical concepts, including the field, the event, event potential, transformation, control and the relational pattern. The model offers a description of the habitat as a hierarchical system synthesising various elements of architectural and urban design. This results in a new perspective of the architect’s role in the organisation process of the habitat.

Machine translation systems and guidebooks: an approach to the importance of the role of the human translator

Computer-assisted translation tools are increasingly supplemented by the presence of machine translation (MT) in different areas and working environments, from technical translation to translation in international organizations. MT is also present in the translation of tourism texts, from brochures to food menus, websites and tourist guides. Its need or suitability for use is the subject of growing debate. This article presents a comparative analysis of tourist guides translated by a human translator and three machine translation systems. The aims are to determine a first approach to the level of quality of machine translation in tourist texts and to establish whether some tourist texts can be translated using machine translation alone or whether human participation is necessary, either for the complete translation of the text or only for post-editing tasks.

IEEE Access Special Section: Security Analytics and Intelligence for Cyber Physical Systems

A Cyber Physical System (CPS) is a smart network system with actuators, embedded sensors, and processors to interact with the physical world by guaranteeing the performance and supporting real-time operations of safety critical applications. These systems drive innovation and are a source of competitive advantage in today’s challenging world. By observing the behavior of physical processes and activating actions, CPS can alter its behavior to make the physical environment perform better and more accurately. By definition, CPS basically has two major components including cyber systems and physical processes. Examples of CPS include autonomous transportation systems, robotics systems, medical monitoring, automatic pilot avionics, and smart grids. Advances in CPS will empower scalability, capability, usability, and adaptability, which will go beyond the simple systems of today. At the same time, CPS has also increased cybersecurity risks and attack surfaces. Cyber attackers can harm such systems from multiple sources while hiding their identities. As a result of sophisticated threat matrices, insufficient knowledge about threat patterns, and industrial network automation, CPS has become extremely insecure. Since such infrastructure is networked, attacks can be prompted easily without much human participation from remote locations, thereby making CPS more vulnerable to sophisticated cyber-attacks. In turn, large-scale data centers managing a huge volume of CPS data become vulnerable to cyber-attacks. To secure CPS, the role of security analytics and intelligence is significant. It brings together huge amounts of data to create threat patterns, which can be used to prevent cyber-attacks in a timely fashion. The primary objective of this Special Section in IEEE A CCESS is to collect a complementary and diverse set of articles, which demonstrate up-to-date information and innovative developments in the domain of security analytics and intelligence for CPS.

Application and Effect of Intelligent Disinfection Robot in Non-Negative Pressure Isolation Ward of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Designated Hospital

The application of intelligent disinfection robot in designated non-negative pressure isolation ward during the outbreak in novel coronavirus pneumonia. The construction and competition, disinfection mode of intelligent disinfection robot, the setting of disinfection point built on area and number of isolation ward, can be introduced below. Frequency can realize remote control when staff uses a table to give instruction and set disinfection mode, and then the intelligent disinfection robot returns automatically to the charging pile to charge when the instruction is completed. It can also autonomously move to sterilize without human participation, which makes man-machine separation and accurate disinfection come true. The chance of contact infection and exposure is decreased when an intelligent disinfection robot is used to sterilize the environment and object surface in an isolation ward, which can also reduce occupational exposure, achieve occupational protection of medical workers and ensure there is no hospital infection.

Meat productivity of young horses in the conditions of year-round grazing

Meat herd horse breeding is one of the most promising projects in the industry, especially in peasant (farming) households. Meat herd horse breeding is one of the most promising areas in the industry, especially in peasant (farm) households. The number of meat herd horses is 438.2 thousand heads, incl. in agricultural organizations 161.2 thousand heads (36.8%), in peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs - 277 thousand heads (63.2%). In the conditions of the Primorsky Territory, horse breeding is not the main branch of animal husbandry, nevertheless, there are enough territories here where horse breeding could develop successfully. Breeds such as the Vladimir and Soviet heavy draft do not require much human participation, and they themselves get their own food. At the same time, the main method of keeping and breeding these breeds is herd. The assessment of meat productivity of crossbred young horses with stallions of Sovetskaya and Vladimirskaya heavy draft breeds was carried out. The use of stallions of the Sovetskaya heavy draft breed in horse breeding allowed increasing the slaughter yield by 3.6% and improve the morphological composition of the carcass in comparison with the Vladimirskaya heavy draft breed.

Protocol of identification of effective factors in reducing fall among the hospitalized patients: A systematic review

Background: The patient's fall is one of the factors threatening the patient's health in hospitals and medical centers. More than 12% of patients fall once during the hospitalization period, which in some cases leads to disability or death. Therefore, falling prevention is one of the essential issues in the hospital and requires interventions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effective factors in controlling the hurts caused by patient fall. Methods: This study was conducted to present a protocol for identifying the effective factors of patient fall in hospitals. For this purpose, four international databases were investigated and searched, in two phases (databases are Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, along with Google Scholar). First, we selected and categorized the articles, using PRISMA instruction for systematic review studies. In the second phase, the findings were analyzed using thematic analysis; then, categories and subcategories were extracted. To examine the quality of studies, critical appraisal skills program, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklists were applied. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020161328. Ethics and Dissemination: There is no human participation in the study, and after data analysis, the author prepared an article for a specialized journal. Permission to the study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Faculty of Health and Safety, affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Governance, peace, and security perception index: Methodological aspects and application in the WAEMU member states

By developing a methodology to measure citizens’ perceptions of governance, peace, and security, AFRISTAT has provided authorities at various levels with a policymaking tool. The governance, peace, and security perceptions index and its components are measured at the sub-regional level and are based on population groups. The methodology is based on the method that has been adopted to calculate the Global Governance Index and was applied to data from a household survey by using the governance, peace, and security module. Applying the data from the Integrated Regional Survey on Employment and the Informal Sector of the eight WAEMU member states made it possible to present perceptions of citizens, aged 18 and above, on “human rights and participation,” “rule of law,” and “peace and security.” The results indicate that individuals aged 18 and above in the WAEMU member states have good perceptions of governance, peace, and security with a perception index of 0.701. The perception of the rule of law is low (0.524), which is reflected in the low perception of the judicial system and the absence of corruption.

Câteva considerații despre virtutea creștină a dreptății. Conceptul de dreptate – îndreptare

In the context of theories and discussions about justice, launched and developed over time in the literature belonging to the social sciences, Orthodox doctrine explains justice in close connection to human participation in the life of the Church and his progress to salvation. Thus, in its concretization, justice is not foreign and must not be separated from the reality of subjective correction or salvation, from the reality of man’s vocation. In the Christian sense, both terms – justice and justification – render, in a complementary and solidary way, the same reality regarding the finality towards which the Christian is heading, deification. The concept of justice-justification has the role of best reflecting the teaching about Christian justice; at the same time, it is the starting point and the core of Christian doctrine of justice.

Regulatory Trends in Blockchain Technologies

The blockchain is a technology that was initially designed as an alternative to the banking system aimed to decentralize money circulation. It has become apparent that the invention has a vast potential to improve various industries and fields of human activities. The blockchain industry generated a variety of ideas of how to use this technology: to crowdfund business with Initial Coin Offerings (ICO), to tokenize and manage assets online, to improve public administration and state-owned registries, or even to use it for electronic voting. Multiple applications of this technology became possible since the industry started experimenting with overlay technologies on blockchains, for example, Colored Coins, known as tokens on Bitcoin; Namecoin, a blockchain as a decentralized infrastructure for Top-Level Domain “.bit,” but the significant step forward happened when Ethereum proposed their concept of smart contracts on blockchain. There are several platforms that offer users the ability to design their own private and public distributed ledgers (Hyperledger, Azure). It is not easy to mention all of the projects in the field of blockchain industry; however, at this stage, it has become clear that the technology (along with some other innovations, like Artificial Intelligence) is penetrating spheres that are traditionally highly regulated and centralized with a high level of human participation: securities and exchanges, public registries (notary, real estate, business entities and other registries), public finances, elections, etc. This discussion is devoted to the issues of regulations for the activities that arise from the blockchain.

A Framework Using Active Learning to Rapidly Perform Named Entity Extraction and Relation Recognition for Science and Technology Knowledge Graph

Construct a knowledge graph is time-consuming and the knowledge graph in the scientific domain requires extremely high labor costs due to it requires high prior knowledge to extract knowledge from resources. To build a scientific research knowledge graph, the most of input are papers, patent, the description of their project and some national program (such as National High Technology Research and Development Program of China, Major State Basic Research Development Program of China, General Program, Key Program and Major Program) which all of them are unstructured data, that make human participation are mostly necessary to measure the quality. In this paper, we design and proposed a framework using active learning; this framework can be used to extract entity and relation from unstructured science and technology research data. This framework combines the human and machine learning approach together, which is active learning, to help user extract entity from those unstructured data with less time cost. By using those data to construct a CKG as annotation label, it further implements active learning tools and helps the expert to rapidly annotate the data with high accuracy. Those knowledge graph constructed by this framework can be used to finding similar research area, finding similar researchers, finding popular research areas and so on.

Ідентифікація метамодернізму як культурної практики

The article attempts to reveal the features of cultural practices of the metamodern era, to identify their fundamental features; to substantiate the peculiarities of human participation and empathy in the cultural process of modernity. The purpose of the scientific research was to describe the essence and analysis of the structure of metamodernism as a modern trend in the context of cultural practices. The basis for the methodology of the scientific study was the culturological approach, which allowed to substantiate the intertextuality of modern cultural practices in the context of metamodernism; to analyze a person’s perception of cultural changes and those socio-cultural experiences that are defined by metamodernists as “oscillation”; “Read” the significant provisions of metamodernism in the context of the relevance of today’s needs. It is noted that metamodernism as a special historical stage of cultural development (O. Dumitrescu, G. Freinacht, T. Vermuilen and R. van den Acker, H. Moraru), states radical changes in the modern world of culture (Metamodernism Historicity, affect and depth after postmodernism), Forming a “global mental paradigm”(N. Khrushchev). Based on the works of G. Freinacht, the characteristic features of the metamodernist worldview are revealed, in particular, an awareness of allergies; a belief in development and progress; an understanding of hierarchies; aiming at reconstruction; thinking “Both-And”. Analyzed as “metamodernist” cultural and artistic projects by S. Labaf, N.C. Ronkyo and L. Turner; works of art by O. Eliasson and J. Tarrell; literary discoveries by H. Murakami and D.F. Wallace, others. It is proved that the core parameters of the artist’s self-identification in metamodernism are work with emotions and technical mediality; sensuality and sentimentality; complicity of the creator and the public; irony, naivety and new sincerity, and (and above all) oscillation and multidimensionality. Emphasis is placed on the critique of metamodernism as a culturological concept, characterized by speculative philosophizing, conceptual dispersion, which are unable to provide meaningful substantiation of the essence of metahistoricity, metaeffect and metadeep of the cultural process of modernity.

Simulation of operation of neural network with purpose of utilisation of hydraulic actuators in complicated technical conditions

Application of neural network technologies is becoming more extensive every year, especially in the economic field. New methods are being discovered, new models of neural networks are being created. Currently, the main application of neural networks in the economy is the prediction of markets, optimization of commodity-money flows, analysis and generalization of various social surveys, prediction of the dynamics of political ratings, optimization of the production process, comprehensive diagnostics of product quality, etc. Utilisation of the hydraulic equipment makes it possible to design systems of automatic operation in the conditions, where minimal human participation and maximum speed of response are required. It is possible to state that such conditions exist in the regions with the permanent access of repair teams or technicians, who perform monitoring of the complex technical objects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop automated systems of operation and monitoring of various equipment components, which are intended for operation in the complicated technical conditions. Authors of this article have selected the hydraulic equipment as the object under investigation due to the fact that it is widely distributed equipment, as well as due to possibilities of this equipment to function or to be adapted for operation in practically any environmental conditions. At the same time, quantity of the state-of-the-art equipment, which is used, as well as complexity of this equipment increase very quickly, therefore process of making decision concerning utilisation of this equipment must be made very quickly. Authors analyse the sphere of automation, where utilisation of a human decision is required. The novelty of this article is connected with the assumption that further direction of operation of such equipment in the complicated technical conditions must be implemented in the sphere of guessing of the user’s actions. Authors review neural networks as the toolkit, and they believe that these networks can make decisions in the proactive mode, practically without participation of a user. This article includes description of the model, which can be used as the basis for the system, which is planned to design. In addition, methodological toolkit for assessment of efficiency of this model is proposed. Keywords: equipment, neural network, complicated technical conditions, functioning, model, economic efficiency DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201301.3965 Citation: Togizbayeva B B, Sazambayeva B T, Karazhanov A A, Kenesbek A B, Cocosila M. Simulation of operation of neural network with purpose of utilisation of hydraulic actuators in complicated technical conditions. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(1): 11–19.

Modeling of storage processes using Petri nets

Cyber-physical systems are actively explored in the global and domestic scientific community. It is expected that cyber-physical systems will minimize human participation in the production process, as well as in many other areas of society. At the same time, the information security aspect of the interaction of elements remains insufficiently studied. The classical approach to ensuring security is aimed at counteracting a clear destructive information impact - when information security breaches have obvious signs. The risk of failure of one object of the system can lead to critical conditions. Safety modeling of managerial structures is reduced to considering the operability of the functions of the intermediate link and the interaction between objects that make decisions on the management and generating teams. By analyzing these transitions in limiting cases, it allows the use of analysis and synthesis approaches based on structural schemes and logical relationships.

Determination of upset ingot dimensions during computer-aided forging design under fuzzy goals

The paper describes an algorithm for determining reasonable dimensions of an upset ingot during computer-aided design of shaft press-forging under fuzzy goals. Fuzzy goals related to product metal elaboration quality and the complexity of its manufacture are formulated. Objective values of a design parameter for each goal are determined. Membership functions for possible solutions corresponding to these goals and the rule of choosing the most reasonable solution are constructed. Two examples of solving the problem depending on the selected goals are given. The proposed algorithm allows one to choose the most reasonable solution from a set of feasible ones and reduces human participation in the computer-aided design process. The developed approach can be applied to solving other problems of press forging, such as choosing an ingot, determining the necessity of the billet upset operation, determining the cogged billet dimensions, etc.

THE CHALLENGES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The problem of transforming the economy into a digital one is discussed. The main challenges the digital economy poses to society, the state and business in the technological field are given. The characteristics of the digitalization of the economy are presented, including the rapid accumulation of digital data, the creation of a global information infrastructure, the formation of a new information sphere of people’s lives, the exponential increase in the rate of introduction of digital technologies and the emergence of new scientific and technical directions, the radical change in social relations, the transformation of old models of activity, wide geoinformatization. Examples of digital economy projects of developed countries - Germany, USA, Great Britain, Japan - are given. The conclusion is drawn about the main emphasis of the digital economy programs adopted by the developed countries. The stages of industrial revolutions, showing a change in technological waves from the advent of a steam engine in Industry 1, the automotive industry and electrification in Industry 2, the development of cybernetics in Industry 3, to the advent of digital production and the merging of the virtual and real worlds in Industry 4.0, are presented. The end-to-end technologies defined in the “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” national program are listed. Four groups of new scientific and technical areas serving as the basis for the planned transformation of the economy into the digital one (digitalization, geoinformatization, datification and materialization) are identified. Digitalization helps create a digital environment to support all activities. Geoinformatization allows building more effective models of activity due to the addition of spatial positioning technologies to the functional areas of information systems. Datification allows the introduction of new adoption models based on big data analysis. Materialization implements digital production of objects without direct human participation and traditional material technologies.

МИРОВЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ И МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СИСТЕМ НА ОТКРЫТЫХ ГОРНЫХ РАБОТАХ

The analysis of international experience in increase of efficiency of open pit haulage system has been done. It is revealed that a new, rapidly developing and the most perspective direction in the world is to minimize and exclude human participation in the technological processes of mining. The development of technologies and equipment, allows gradually replacing the human driver in the transportation process and stepping into fully autonomous haulage system. The combination of sensors and detectors with the artificial intelligence of computer is able to analyze, evaluate and predict the traffic conditions with the generation of an adequate intellectual decision. The introduction of autonomous haulage system in open-pit mining is improved of the technical and economic performance of the rocks transportation and safety of mining. Outlined the directions for increasing the level of robotics and automation of production processes at the Russian mining enterprises to reduce the existing gap in this field between Russian and international mining companies.

Architecture and functional model of a perspective proactive intellectual siem for cyber protection of objects of critical infrastructure

The article deals with the current, nowadays, issues of cyber defense of critical infrastructure, which are becoming increasingly important. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the basis of building an effective cyber defense system is the use of information management and security event management (SIEM). The use of systems of this type allows not only to detect cyber security incidents, but also to predict them based on the accumulated data in the system. The proposed new architecture for a promising proactive smart SIEM, which, in addition to the traditional levels of data collection, management and analysis, includes the fourth level - the level of decision making and implementation. The implementation of the proposed architecture is possible through the development and application of new methods of normalization, filtering, classification, aggregation, correlation, prioritization and analysis of events and cyber security incidents, their consequences, generation of various reports, messages and visual presentation of data for operational and substantiated adoption based on data mining technologies, machine learning, Big Data processing and artificial intelligence. A new functional model of a promising intelligent SIEM is proposed, which includes: subsystem of collection and primary processing of data from heterogeneous sources; data management subsystem; the data analysis subsystem and the decision and implementation subsystem. The implementation of the model allows to minimize human participation in solving the problem of responding to cyber incidents, thereby increasing the efficiency and validity of the decisions it makes. The application of the proposed new architecture of a proactive intellectual SIEM and its functional model, allows to take a new step in the evolution of type towards increasing the efficiency of their use in cyber defense systems of critical infrastructure.