Human Papillomavirus Prevention Research Articles

On the fractional order model for HPV and Syphilis using non–singular kernel

Most dynamical systems employ the classical integer-order derivatives which yield good results. However, recent trends have shown that the application of arbitrary order derivatives, popularly known as fractional order derivatives produces better and more realistic results to a given real life scenario because they are non-local operators. In this work, a fractional order co-infection model for human papilloma virus (HPV) and Syphilis is considered and studied using the non-singular kernel derivative. With the aid of Banach and Schauder’s fixed point theorems, the existence and uniqueness of the solution is proven. The conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the model are also established. The model’s disease free equilibrium (DFE) is shown to be locally asymptotically stable when the reproduction number is below one. The fractional order model is shown to be generalized Ulam Hyers–Rassias stable, under some conditions. The predictor–corrector method with convergence of min2,1+φ was used for the numerical simulations. Simulations of the model showed that the fractional derivative greatly influenced the dynamics of both diseases and their co-infection. Furthermore, it was observed that control strategy for single infection (syphilis only prevention strategy or HPV only prevention strategy) did not result in reduction of single infection cases, instead reduces the co-infection of new cases.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescents regarding human papillomavirus.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To analyze knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescent students from public schools in the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, regarding human papillomavirus (HPV).METHODS Cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in 12 public schools in the municipality of Teresina, with a random sample of 472 15-year-old adolescents. All participants answered a validated questionnaire, which evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, level of knowledge about HPV, attitudes regarding vaccination and vaccination status. The levels of knowledge and attitude were classified by standardized scores and practice by the vaccination situation. The analyses were carried out using the SPSS software. In the bivariate analysis, simple logistic regression was used generating odds ratios to identify the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitude with HPV prevention practice. Variables that presented p-value ≤ 0.20 in the bivariate analysis were inserted in a multivariate logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.RESULTS Among the participants, 27.3% had sufficient knowledge, 34.1% had positive attitudes, and 74.6% had adequate practice. In the multivariate analysis, we observed a statistically significant association among females (ORa = 15.62; 95%CI: 9.08–26.9), satisfactory knowledge (ORa = 2.09; 95%CI: 1.15–3.81), and positive attitudes (ORa = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.10–3.23) with proper practice.CONCLUSIONS Being female, having a satisfactory level of knowledge about HPV and the vaccine, and having positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination reinforce the appropriate practice of vaccination. These findings demonstrate the need to expand the knowledge of adolescents, generating positive attitudes towards vaccination within an appropriate perspective.

Recommendations for prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in kidney transplant recipients of the Croatian Society for Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation

Recommendations for prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in kidney transplant recipients of the Croatian Society for Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation

Human Papillomavirus Infection: Knowledge, Risk Perceptions and Behaviors among SMW and AFAB.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, and persistent HPV infection has been established as playing a major role in the development of cervical cancer. Providing HPV vaccination and regular screening tests have reduced the risk of developing cervical cancer or helped to detect the cancer at an early stage. Despite the above measures, cervical cancer still remains a major public health problem worldwide. Infection with HPV, and consequently cervical cancer, affects all people with an intact cervix, so not only heterosexual women, but also women from sexual minorities (SMW) together with people assigned female at birth (AFAB). These populations may be even more likely to develop cervical cancer, mainly because they are less likely to be aware of HPV transmission and prevention of cervical cancer. In our review, we summarized the current state of HPV knowledge, collected data assessing the orientation of this issue among SMW and AFAB, and indicated the causes of possible negligence in the prevention of cervical cancer.

Will humor increase the effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) advertising? exploring the role of humor, STD information, and knowledge

ABSTRACT In this research, we seek to provide effective message strategies to communicate stigma associated health issues such as the human papillomavirus (HPV), by exploring the roles of humor, STD information, and objective HPV knowledge. Conducted with a 2 (Humor: no vs. yes) x 2 (STD information: no vs. yes) between-subjects experiment with objective HPV knowledge as a measured moderator, findings suggested that for the lower HPV knowledge subjects, the humor ads produced higher attention to the ad, more favorable ad attitudes (Aad), and greater behavioral intention to seek HPV prevention and treatment than the no-humor ads when there is no STD information. However, when STD information was present, for the lower HPV knowledge individuals, the no-humor ads produced greater attention and more positive Aad than the humor ads. Humor and STD information in the ads did not affect higher HPV knowledge individuals. Implications for theory as well as practice are discussed.

Клинико-эпидемиологическая характеристика и факторы риска ВПЧ-ассоциированного рака головы и шеи в России: результаты выборочного исследования

Incidence of all malignant neoplasms of head and neck has been growing all over the world. Over the last two decades more knowledge has been accumulated on the matter since human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced into etiology of head and neck cancer. According to expert estimates annually there are approximately 52,000 new cases of head and neck cancer that are associated with human papillomavirus, including 30 % of oropharyngeal cancer, 2.1 % of oral cavity cancer and 2.3 % of laryngeal cancer. Our research goal was to determine basic clinical and epidemiological peculiarities of HPV-associated head and neck cancer. We accomplished a retrospective study based on analyzing patients’ clinical case reports. As a result we revealed that patients with oral cavity cancer and oropharyngeal cancer most frequently tended to have HPV 16, 75.7 % cases (56.7–89.1 %); it was detected in 25 % cases (4.7–63.2 %) among patients with laryngeal cancer. We showed contributions made by tobacco smoking OR = 2.07 (1.07–4.02), hookah smoking OR = 3.06 (1.06–8.80), having a dental prosthesis OR = 7.32 (2.77–19.31), heredity OR = 7.38 (3.07–17.76), “bad” oral health status OR = 33.54 (15.01–74.95), positive HPV-status in case history OR = 7.31 (2.77–19.31), having 5 or more sexual partners during lifetime OR = 4.95 (2.47–9.93) as major risk factors of devel-oping HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Prevention of HPV plays an important role in reducing the incidence of head and neck cancer. Our research results confirm the necessity to accomplish prevention activities with respect to detected risk factors causing HPV-associated head and neck cancer aiming to reduce growing incidence with the disease.

Human Papillomavirus associated prevention: knowledge, attitudes, and perceived risks among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Pakistan: a qualitative study

ObjectivesMen who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals are at higher risk of genital warts and anal cancer due to sexually transmitted human papillomavirus infection. This study explores MSM and transgender women’s perceptions of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV prevention strategies (screening and vaccination) in Pakistan.DesignA qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGD) with self-identified MSM, male sex workers and transgender women were conducted between March 2019 to August 2019 in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsParticipants were recruited from community-based organization (CBO) working for MSM and transgender women. A total of 38 men and 10 transgender women took part in 6 FGDs. Discussions were recorded, translated, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified from the emerging analysis. These are, 1) Knowledge and risk perceptions about STIs and HPV, 2) Beliefs and attitudes towards HPV prevention, 3) Participant’s recommendations for HPV vaccination and anal Pap screening. Participants described lack of knowledge of HPV and its health consequences as HIV is the only focus of attention of the government and the local CBOs. None of participants had heard about HPV prevention including vaccination and anal Pap screening for men but expressed a positive attitude towards prevention. Genital warts and anal cancer were perceived as severe potential consequences of a known risk behaviors. All participants stated they would be interested in taking an HPV vaccine but acknowledged that the provision of services for sexually transmitted infections (STI) are inadequate to meet the needs of key populations and are not prioritized by the government. The main perceived barriers to access HPV prevention included cost and challenges to access public health care services or openly discussing one’s sexual orientation with health care providers. Participants generally preferred the CBO for more professional, unbiased staff attitudes that respect patients’ integrity, confidentiality and privacy. Most participants thought that in case the government is non-cooperative, CBOs should work in the interest of HPV eradication and generate funds through international funding.ConclusionsThe findings from this study can help public health policy and researchers to understand this minority’s perspective on HPV prevention. Given the low level of knowledge about HPV infection and its negative health consequences there is a need of HPV education combined with STI education and awareness through HPV brochures to educate the target population effectively.

Human papillomavirus: optimizing opportunities for prevention.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide and is a precursor to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Effective prevention is available through HPV vaccination and emerging evidence demonstrates the potential to significantly impact HPV-associated disease through reductions in the incidence of genital warts, precancerous cervical lesions, and cervical cancer. Indications have also recently expanded to include the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer, an outcome that has been increasing in incidence for men and women. Yet despite demonstrated effectiveness, the potential for broader impact and well-established routine recommendations for administration to adolescents, barriers to vaccine uptake persist. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on HPV prevention in the US, including trends in disease burden, HPV vaccine effectiveness, evolving vaccine recommendations and opportunities and barriers to their implementation. Several studies have demonstrated that HPV vaccination has the potential to prevent most HPV-attributable cancers. Ongoing research addresses questions related to duration of protection, effectiveness in vulnerable populations, vaccine schedules and strategies to improve access and optimize uptake. To ensure continued impact on the prevention of HPV-associated disease and subsequent cancer, it is crucial to address gaps in vaccine uptake. A strong recommendation for all persons for whom HPV vaccines are indicated, alongside initiatives to increase awareness of HPV vaccination and address specific concerns, can improve uptake among hesitant populations. Globally, efforts to bolster immunization programs are needed to broaden access to HPV vaccination.

The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Mid-adult Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge Scale in the United States.

Previous human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine knowledge scales have focused on young adults in the vaccination catch-up age range or parents of vaccine eligible adolescents. Previous scales are not specific to the new guidelines for HPV vaccination in mid-adults. The study aimed to develop and validate a mid-adult HPV vaccine knowledge scale informed by the latest vaccine recommendations. Self-reported data were collected using a cross-sectional survey of adults aged 27 to 45 years with no history of HPV vaccination (n = 706). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified latent constructs in a 13-item mid-adult HPV vaccine knowledge scale. Sociodemographic differences in the HPV vaccine knowledge were also assessed. The mean of correct responses across all items was 5.9 (SD, 2.8; range, 0-13). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 3-factor structure best explained the data with a good construct validity and reliability. The first factor contained 6 items about HPV infection, the second factor contained 3 items about HPV prevention through vaccination, and the third factor contained items about HPV vaccination misinformation. Analysis of variance and t test found significant group level differences in knowledge among sex, race, educational level, annual income, health insurance, and marital status. Our study supports the use of a knowledge scale for US mid-adults to assess HPV and HPV vaccination knowledge because the patient requires some baseline knowledge of this recommendation to discuss the vaccine with their health care provider. The mid-adult HPV vaccine knowledge scale can measure basic HPV knowledge important to informed decision making.

The role of vaccination in the prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. This virus affects men and women regardless of age, which leads to the development of various diseases. The article reflects the timely prevention of virus infection in order to avoid serious consequences. HPV causes a wide range of reproductive system cancers, including cervical cancer, vulvar and vaginal cancer, and anal cancer and anogenital warts.

HPV prevention and control – The way forward

The global confrontation with COVID-19 has not only diverted current healthcare resources to deal with the infection but has also resulted in increased resources in the areas of testing and screening, as well as educating most of the global public of the benefits of vaccination. When the COVID-19 pandemic eventually recedes, the opportunity must not be missed to ensure that these newly created resources are maintained and redeployed for use in testing and immunisation against other vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. A notable example is infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), the commonest sexually transmitted human virus and the leading cause of a variety of cancers in both men and women, such as cervical, head and neck, anal, vaginal, vulvar and penile cancers. The most important is cervical cancer, the objective of the global elimination goals targeting the vaccination of young female and male adolescents, screening all women and treatment of all infected women. As the campaigns to control SARS-CoV-2, the eradication of HPV-induced cancers also relies on effective prevention and control programs. The lessons learned and the technical, logistical and human resources which have been established to combat COVID-19 by vaccination and testing must be applied to the eradication of other infections which affect the global population. This commentary summarizes the opportunities that the COVID-19 pandemic has created for HPV prevention and control, lists the already available tools for HPV control, and emphasizes the potential public health threats amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination: A cross-sectional study of college students’ knowledge, awareness, and attitudes in Villanova, PA

Human papillomaviruses are major causative agents of multiple cancers including cervical, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Almost all sexually active individuals are exposed to HPV in their lifetime and although not all HPV genotypes are capable of causing cancers, several high-risk subtypes widely circulate. Several HPV vaccines have been developed and successfully utilized to limit the spread of these viruses and reduce rates of associated cancers. Despite their success, HPV vaccination rates in the United States remain low. Studies estimate the highest prevalence of HPV in the United States is among college students. This makes college students an important target for interventions that promote HPV vaccination and prevention. To this end, we were interested in investigating the relationship between low HPV vaccine uptake and attitudes and awareness about HPV vaccination among college aged students. We designed a survey to assess knowledge and perception of HPV and HPV vaccination that could help identify correlations between this knowledge and vaccination status. Overall, the data suggest that factors beyond basic knowledge about HPV infections, such as vaccine safety and social acceptance of vaccination, may have important impacts on vaccination rates. More robust education in these areas, supplemented with education about the benefits of HPV vaccination could be utilized to improve vaccination rates.

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination and Oropharyngeal Cancer: Knowledge, Perception and Attitude among Italian Pediatric Dentists.

Background: Pediatric dentists could play a key role in the prevention of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OP-cancer). The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, perception, and attitude on HPV-related OP-cancer, HPV infection, and HPV vaccination among Italian pediatric dentists. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Pediatric dentists received, by email, a link to participate in the questionnaire online. The questionnaire comprised four parts: (i) demographic information, (ii) knowledge on HPV-related OP-cancer, HPV infection, and HPV vaccine, (iii–iiii) perceptions and attitude on HPV-related OP-cancer, HPV infection, and HPV vaccine. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney test and Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: A total of 271 pediatric dentists completed the questionnaire. Results showed a good overall knowledge; a positive perception of their role in HPV disease prevention; a good attitude in discussing sensitive topics; a need for acquiring more information about HPV’s connection to cancer, HPV infection, and HPV vaccine. Conclusions: Improving educational training programs, as well as informing about prevention of HPV-related OP-cancer, will place pediatric dentists in the front line of HPV diseases primary prevention.

Sources of Information and Communication About HPV Among Chinese Students Attending U.S. Colleges: Implications for Culturally Appropriate Strategies.

Little is known about human papillomavirus (HPV) information sources and communication among Chinese students attending U.S. colleges. We assessed information sources and communication about HPV and HPV vaccines among this population. A cross-sectional design with 449 participants was conducted by using a questionnaire and snowball sampling. Summary statistics and multiple logistic regression were used. The most common sources of HPV information included the internet and friends. Communication about HPV occurred most frequently among friends, family, and health professionals. Those who had better HPV knowledge and attitudes and were vaccinated against HPV were more likely to use internet, friends, family, and health professionals as their information sources. Because the internet, friends, and families are likely sources for HPV information and communication, future internet-based culturally appropriate education should offer information not only to Chinese students but also to their social circles. Cultural beliefs may affect HPV prevention and should be examined.

HPV prevention in women aged 30-65 in Istanbul: Effect of early diagnosis of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVEEarlier detection and timely interventions against cancers are well known to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Screening programs provide opportunity to detect cancers as early as precancerous stages. Cancers of cervix of uterus are one of the cancers that have widely applicable screening methods and are one of the three cancer types that have population-based screening program in Turkiye. In this article, it is aimed to evaluate cervical cancer screenings in Istanbul.METHODSThe study methodology for cervical cancer screening conducted between 2015 and 2020 in Istanbul, Turkiye’s largest city, was introduced. The results obtained in the first round of screening of 723,068 women with the human papillomavirus (HPV) method as a new methodology are discussed.RESULTSAs a summary of results, the HPV positivity ratio was found to be 6.5% and the positivity rate was higher in younger women. The results also show that majority of the subjects with positive result were infected with more than 1 strains of HPV. Most prevalent subtypes detected were HPV16, HPV51, HPV31, HPV52, and HPV66, respectively. Total detection rate for any of the high-risk HPV subtypes was 29.95%.CONCLUSIONAlthough HPV-16 is the highest subtype to be infected and total percentage of infection with any high-risk strains is approximating to one-third of the total positivity, cytological results revealed only 8.1% meaningful results.

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Vaccination Rates Among Users of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention.

Introduction:Our study provides data on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) related disease and vaccination rates among users of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a primary care clinic. Results highlight an opportunity to partner HIV and HPV prevention efforts.Methods:This is a retrospective chart review of PrEP patients in an urban Midwestern Family Medicine clinic. We conducted univariate analyses for HPV vaccination status and the prevalence of any HPV-related disease. We then examined bivariate relationships between vaccination status and insurance coverage, provider type, and age.Results:Of all 78 PrEP patients identified, 21.8% (n = 17) were vaccinated. Of the 59 patients 45 years or younger, 28.8% (n = 17) were vaccinated. There was no association between insurance or provider type and vaccination status. Patients 26 years or younger were 3 times more likely to be vaccinated than those ages 27 to 45 (56.3% vs 18.6%, P = .0011). Three unvaccinated patients had HPV-related disease.Conclusions:Despite ongoing risk of HPV infection and frequent interaction with the medical system, this study found most PrEP users continue to be unvaccinated. This is a significant missed opportunity for HPV prevention. With the FDA approval of the HPV vaccine for individuals age 9 to 45, PrEP patients in this age range would benefit from clinicians partnering HPV vaccination with PrEP prescribing.

Abstract PO-029: Community coalition and academic need assessment: Our first step for the development of an educational intervention on HPV vaccination targeting school staff during pandemic era in Puerto Rico

Abstract Introduction: Implementation of school-entry policies for vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (HPV-PIVac study) is a five-year prospective study started in 2018 to evaluate the implementation of the HPV vaccine as a requirement for school entry in Puerto Rico. As part of these study efforts, we organized a Community Advisory Board (CAB) whose members are from government and private organizations, coalitions, and community-based organizations working for HPV prevention. As part of the preliminary results of the HPV-PIVac study presented to the CAB, key informant interviews demonstrated the lack of knowledge and the need to train school staff on the HPV vaccine and its school policy. CAB members worked on an educational initiative about vaccines to respond to these barriers, called Puerto Rico Libre de Enfermedades Prevenibles (Puerto Rico Free of Preventable Diseases). As a first step, a needs assessment survey was conducted to identify the most significant topics of interest and need issues about vaccines and the new HPV vaccine school requirement in this population. Methods: In February 2020, CAB members distributed a self-administration survey during the 2019-2020 Education Congress, an event in which teaching and non-teaching staff from the island's private education sector assisted in continuing education training. Data collection was gathered by convenience sampling. The survey collected the following variables: knowledge of the HPV school-entry policy, knowledge of HPV infection and the HPV vaccine, confidence in talking to parents about the HPV vaccine, and information of interest about the HPV vaccine. Results: A total of 76 participants were recruited. The largest number of participants (73%) were teachers, and 19% were school directors. At least 61% of the participants were unaware of the HPV vaccine as a requirement to enter school. We identified an insufficient knowledge of the following items: HPV-related cancers (43%) and HPV vaccine series (32%). Only 21% of school personnel reported been prepared to talk to parents about the HPV vaccine. According to the participants' responses, the top five information about HPV that they were interested in were: (1) Side effects of the vaccine; (2) Effectiveness of the vaccine, (3) Safety of the vaccine; (4) Messages to give to parents; and (5) Information on HPV vaccination policy. Conclusion: Through the need assessment, we were able to identify topics that should be addressed as information about the HPV vaccination series, HPV-associated cancers, HPV vaccine school entry policy, safety and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine. Based on this data, we developed an educational curriculum for the initiative. The collaboration of the different members of the CAB was essential to carry out this first step. Citation Format: VOCES PR Coalition, Josheili S. Llavona, Diana T. Medina Laabes, Omayra Salgado Cruz, JAC-HPV-PIVac PR, Roxana Soto Abreu, Olga L. Diaz Miranda, Marta M. Sánchez Aracil, Vivian Colón-López. Community coalition and academic need assessment: Our first step for the development of an educational intervention on HPV vaccination targeting school staff during pandemic era in Puerto Rico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-029.

Identifying the Utility of Dental Providers in Human Papillomavirus Prevention Efforts: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2018

PurposeThe aim of this study is to (1) examine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in adolescents and young adults in the U.S., including those who had a dental visit in the last year but not a medical visit and (2) to determine an association between last visit to the dentist and HPV vaccination status. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2018, including participants 9–26 years. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to characterize the study population and calculate the prevalence of HPV vaccination in adolescents and young adults, including those who had a dental visit in the last year but not a medical visit. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between last visit to the dentist and HPV vaccination status. ResultsIn total, 38.6% of participants were vaccinated for HPV, with higher prevalence of vaccination in those with the following characteristics: female, older age, higher income, higher education level, and having medical insurance. Participants who had a dental visit in the last year had an HPV vaccination rate of 40.8%. Of those who had a dental visit and were not vaccinated for HPV, 12.5% did not have a medical visit. Having a dental visit in the last year increased the odds of being vaccinated for HPV (odds ratio 1.69, confidence interval 1.26–2.28). ConclusionsDentists see a significant number of adolescents and young adults who are unvaccinated for HPV in a given year and could serve as an access point for HPV vaccine delivery in the future.

Discussing HPV and oropharyngeal cancer in dental settings: gender and provider-type matter

ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US and the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), an oral cancer most often identified by dental providers. Given the rise in HPV-associated OPC and recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the HPV vaccine to prevent OPC, dental providers have a unique role in HPV prevention. This study assessed US adults’ comfort levels discussing HPV and OPC with dental providers. An online survey platform was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of US adults (n = 300). The questionnaire assessed participants’ knowledge, acceptability, and comfort discussing HPV-related topics with dental providers. SPSS 24 was utilized for data analyses. In general, participants reported feeling comfortable discussing HPV and OPC with dental providers. Participants reported feeling more comfortable with dentists than dental hygienists when discussing (t = 2.85, p < .01) and receiving recommendations about the HPV vaccine (t = 2.09, p < .05). Participants were less comfortable discussing HPV as a risk factor for OPC compared to non-HPV related risk factors (t = 2.94, p < .01). Female participants preferred female providers, whereas male participants had no preference. Previous research has indicated dental providers recognize their role in HPV prevention, but research is needed to understand patients’ perceptions of dental providers’ role in HPV prevention. Findings demonstrate that US adults are comfortable discussing HPV and OPC with dental providers, which may be key to OPC-HPV prevention. Future research is needed to facilitate HPV communication between patients and dental providers.

Oncogenic papillomaviruses: reproductive problems in infected males

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) of the high-risk types cause carcinomas in cervix uteri, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, as well as in certain sites of head and neck – oral cavity, oropharynx, tonsils, larynx. HPV of types 16 and 18 are the most widespread ones. Papillomaviruses of low oncogenic risk, HPV of types 6 and 11, cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and anogenital warts. Preventive vaccinations against HPV are not included into the National mandatory immunization schedule in Russia; however, they are being executed in several country areas in a form of regional programs. Substantial contingents are not embraced by the procedures as yet. A family can make decision of its own whether to vaccinate the adolescent child on paid basis. To make decision in favor of vaccination complete awareness is needful on the HPV infection consequences. As far as viruses of the given group became primarily known as cervical cancer etiological agents certain risk persists of “feminization” of notions about unfavorable effects of the HPV infection thus resulting in debates on usefulness of boys’ preventive vaccination.In this connection the purpose of the review was consideration of HPV effects on male reproductive potential. Oncogenic HPVs are frequently found in healthy donors’ sperm. HPV DNA can penetrate from sperm into oocyte under experimental conditions. Seminal fluid of HPV-positive males is a storage tank of the virus as well as the source of its distribution throughout population. DNA of oncogenic HPV was detected in endosomes of seminal lymphocytes. The latter fact opposes the canonic notion of strict HPV epitheliotropy. Correlation exists between the seminal fluid HPV-positivity of a certain man and his fertility drop. Reproductologists believe failures of some married couples when using assisted reproductive technologies may result from partner’s seminal HPV positivity. The successful attempt is known of semen parameters’ normalization in men with reduced fertility after inoculation with the quadrivalent Gardasil vaccine.It seems reasonable to consider the data on unfavorable effects of HPV infection on male reproductive potential as an argument for boys’ preventive HPV vaccination. It would help not only to prevent the HPV-associated oncological diseases in men but the distribution of the given infection around the population as a whole; it would contribute to more successes in solving demographic problems.