Human Papillomavirus Positivity Rate Research Articles

Evaluating Opt-In Vaginal Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling: Participation Rates and Detection of High-Grade Lesions (CIN2+) among Unscreened Japanese Women Aged 30-39.

Cervical cancer incidence is increasing among Japanese women, which is partly attributed to low screening rates. This study examined the implementation of opt-in human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling among Japanese women aged 30-39 years who had not undergone cervical cancer screening, focusing on those requiring preconception care. The responses to the opt-in approach and effectiveness in detecting cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse (CIN2+) were evaluated. Participants used the Evalyn® Brush for self-sampling, with HPV testing conducted using the Cobas 4800 system (version 2.2.0). Out of 3489 eligible, unscreened women from four municipalities in Fukui Prefecture, only 10.6% (370/3489) requested the self-sampling kit. Of these, 77.3% (286/370) returned the kit (HPV testing rate: 8.2% (286/3489)). The HPV positivity rate was 13.7% (39/285), yet only 61.5% (24/39) of those with positive HPV results proceeded to cytology testing. Subsequently, three cases of CIN2+ were detected (10.5/1000). While this study demonstrated a reasonable kit return rate and indicated the capability of opt-in HPV self-sampling to detect CIN2+ cases in unscreened women, the low ordering rate of kits and suboptimal compliance for follow-up cytology testing highlight significant challenges. The findings suggest the need for more effective strategies to enhance participation in cervical cancer screening programs.

Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to HPV-related cancer in men, including the anus, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and precancerous lesions. This study retrospectively investigated HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022. The total HPV positive rate was 64.87% (2388/3681, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.32%-66.40%), where high risk (HR)-HPV and low risk (LR)-HPV accounted for 42.49% (1564/3681, 95% CI: 40.90%-44.09%) and 69.71% (2566/3681, 95% CI: 68.20%-71.17%), respectively. The mixed HPV infection rate of two and more genotypes was 35.72%. The infection rate of HR-HPV increased with the number of positive cases annually from 2016 (16.91%) to 2022 (46.59%). The most common HR-HPV genotypes were HPV16 (11.60%), HPV52 (6.95%), and HPV59 (6.28%), whereas the least common HR-HPV was HPV26. The most common LR-HPV genotypes were HPV6 (56.99%), HPV11 (23.79%), and HPV43 (6.37%). The 9 v HPV vaccine preventable for LR-HPV and HR-HPV accounted for 80.78% and 30.40%, respectively, in this study. Most HPV-positive patients aged 1-86 were in the 30-39 age group. This study confirmed that HPV prevalence in Liaocheng men was common and diverse. HPV16, HPV52, and HPV59 are widely distributed in Liaocheng men, and the male HR-HPV infection rate remained high in this region. Regarding public health and cancer prevention, it is recommended and effective to include the HPV vaccination in the national vaccination program for men.

Efficacy of Cobas HPV testing for predicting grade 2+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a cancer prevention center and a gynecologic oncology clinic: A single-institution experience.

To evaluate the efficacy of Cobas human papillomavirus (HPV) testing to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher (CIN2+), Cobas HPV testing results were correlated with follow-up biopsy in patients from Cancer Prevention Center (CPC) and Gynecologic Oncology Clinic (GOC) of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Institutional data for patients who underwent Cobas HPV and Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology cotesting from 2019 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical follow-up results were compared with Cobas HPV testing results in two populations. A total of 2226 patients, including 921 women (mean age, 55.2years) seen at the CPC and 1305 women (mean age, 49.3years) seen at the GOC, were included. Specimens from GOC patients had a significantly higher HPV positivity rate than did those from CPC patients (22.9% vs. 10.1%; p<.001). Cobas HPV testing was positive in all seven CPC patients with surgical follow-up results showing CIN2+. Among 36 GOC patients with CIN2+ lesions, five patients had HPV-/Pap+testing results. Although only seven CPC patients had CIN2+, Cobas HPV testing showed 100% sensitivity for predicting CIN2+ in this group. Sensitivity for CIN2+ was 86.5% in the GOC group, whereas 13.9% of GOC patients with CIN2+ had negative HPV testing results. Cobas HPV testing was highly efficacious for predicting CIN2+ lesions in the low-risk CPC population, which supports HPV primary screening for cervical cancer in low-risk populations. For high-risk patients, especially those with a history of CIN2+/cervical cancer, HPV/Pap cotesting may still be necessary to maintain a high clinical sensitivity for CIN2+.

The Mulher Study: cervical cancer screening with primary HPV testing in Mozambique

ObjectiveTo evaluate cervical cancer screening with primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in Mozambique, a country with one of the highest burdens of cervical cancer globally.MethodsWomen aged 30–49 years were prospectively...

Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing on Urine and Vaginal Self-Samples Compared to Clinician-Collected Cervical Sample in Women Referred to Colposcopy.

In the context of cervical cancer prevention, where human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is pivotal, HPV testing is replacing Pap Smear in primary screening. This transition offers an opportunity for integrating self-sampling to enhance coverage. We evaluated the accuracy of HPV testing using self-collected urine and vaginal samples, comparing them to physician-collected cervical swabs. From a cohort of 245 women with abnormal cytology, we collected self-sampled vaginal, urine, and clinician-administered cervical specimens. Employing Anyplex™II HPV28 assay, outcomes revealed HPV positivity rates of 75.1% (cervical), 78.4% (vaginal), and 77.1% (urine). Significant, hr-HPV detection concordance was observed between self-taken cervical samples and clinical counterparts (k = 0.898 for vaginal; k = 0.715 for urine). This study extends beyond accuracy, highlighting self-collected sample efficacy in detecting high-grade cervical lesions. The insight underscores self-sampling's role in bolstering participation and aligns with WHO's goal to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030.

Molecular Investigation of the Association Among Common Interleukin-6 Polymorphism and Human Papillomavirus Genotypes with Cervical Cancer Among Iranian Women.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly identified cancer and the third important reason for cancer-related death among women in less developed nations. Aside from the human papillomavirus (HPV), the host genetic factors, especially some polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene, might relate to the risk of cervical cancer. This study aims to investigate the molecular investigation of HPV infection and its association with the common polymorphism of IL-6 in cervical carcinoma in Iran. This case-control study collected 62 precancerous and cancerous lesions and 62 healthy samples from cancer-free women, subsequent negative colposcopy, and cervical cytology. The frequency of HPV genotypes and the genotyping of IL-6 rs1800795 and rs1800796 were done by different PCR techniques. Results were analyzed using the Epi Info version 7, 2012, with the χ2 test. Compared with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CINI), the HPV positivity rate is saliently higher in CINII/III and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56.25%, 66.66%, and 73.63%, respectively, p < 0.001). The HPV positivity rate is also higher in SCC in comparison with CINII/III (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the most detected HPV genotypes were HPV16 and 33 in CINI; HPV16, 31, and 35 in CINII/III; and HPV16 and 18 in SCC groups. HPV16 was the most commonly detected genotype in CINI, CINII/III, and SCC, accounting for 44.44%, 50%, and 71.42%, respectively. In addition, the frequency of GG, CG, and CC genotypes from rs1800795 polymorphism was 0.58, 0.32, and 0.10, respectively (p = 0.033), but in the control group, it was 0.70, 0.27, and 0.03, respectively. The findings suggest that HPV16 plays an important role in the emergence of cervical lesions in Iranian patients. As a result, rs1800795 CC genotype and HPV might increase cervical cancer risk in Iranian women.

Prevalence and characteristics of cervical human papillomavirus genotypes and cervical lesions among 58630 women from Guangzhou, China

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence and characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and its associated cervical lesions in Guangzhou, China, which may be useful for adjusting area-specific cervical cancer prevention and control strategies. MethodsA total of 58630 women were enrolled. Cervical specimens were collected for HPV DNA testing and/or cervical cytology. Patients with visible cervical lesions or abnormal screening results underwent further cervical biopsies. ResultThe overall HPV positive rate was 14.07%. The top five genotypes in Guangzhou were HPV 52 (3.06%), HPV 16 (2.28%), HPV 58 (1.80%), HPV 51 (1.32%), and HPV 39 (1.15%). The prevalence of overall HPV and vaccine-targeted HPV genotypes showed a significantly decreasing trend from 2016 to 2019 (P < 0.05). While, the infection rate of HPV 35 increased significantly during this time (P = 0.015). The age-specific prevalence of any HPV genotypes showed a bimodal curve, which peaked firstly among the < 20 y age group, and then peaked secondly among the > 59 y age group. Among HPV-positive women, the proportions of HSIL and cervical cancer increased significantly with age (P < 0.05). Among > 59 y age group, 9.35% HPV-positive cases were diagnosed as cervical cancer. HPV 16/18 was the most common cause of cervical cancer. While, the percentage of non-HPV 16/18 infection among cervical cancer patients increased over time, from 15.21% in 2015 to 26.32% in 2019 (P = 0.010). Besides that, the prevalence of non-HPV 16/18 genotypes among cervical cancer patients significantly increased with age, which peaked at the > 59 y age group (P = 0.014). ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of any HPV and vaccine-targeted HPV genotypes decreased significantly with time, it is still important to follow the HPV genotypes and their associated cancer risk after the large-scale popularization of HPV vaccine. And age should be taken into consideration in screening strategies and risk-based management of cervical cancer in Guangzhou.

Integrating human papillomavirus testing as a point-of care service using GeneXpert platforms: Findings and lessons from a Kenyan pilot study (2019-2020).

Globally, cervical cancer is a major public health problem, with about 604,000 new cases and over 340,000 deaths in 2020. In Kenya, it is the leading cause of cancer deaths, with over 3,000 women dying in 2020 alone. Both the Kenyan cancer screening guidelines and the World Health Organization's Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Strategy recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the primary screening test. However, HPV testing is not widely available in the public healthcare system in Kenya. We conducted a pilot study using a point of care (POC) HPV test to inform national roll-out. The pilot was implemented from October 2019 to December 2020, in nine health facilities across six counties. We utilized the GeneXpert platform (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), currently used for TB, Viral load testing and early infant diagnosis for HIV, for HPV screening. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was used for triage of HPV-positive women, as recommended in national guidelines. Quality assurance (QA) was performed by the National Oncology Reference Laboratory (NORL), using the COBAS 4800 platform (Roche Molecular System, Pleasanton, CF, USA). HPV testing was done using either self or clinician-collected samples. We assessed the following screening performance indicators: screening coverage, screen test positivity, triage compliance, triage positivity and treatment compliance. Test agreement between local GeneXpert and central comparator high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing for a random set of specimens was calculated as overall concordance and kappa value. We conducted a final evaluation and applied the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to identify implementation challenges and opportunities. The screening coverage of target population was 27.0% (4500/16,666); 52.8% (2376/4500) were between 30-49 years of age. HPV positivity rate was 22.8% (1027/4500). Only 10% (105/1027) of HPV positive cases were triaged with VIA/VILI; 21% (22/105) tested VIA/VILI positive, and 73% (16/22) received treatment (15 received cryotherapy, 1 was referred for biopsy). The median HPV testing turnaround time (TAT) was 24 hours (IQR 2-48 hours). Invalid sample rate was 2.0% (91/4500). Concordance between the Cepheid and COBAS was 86.2% (kappa value = 0.71). Of 1042 healthcare workers, only 5.6% (58/1042) were trained in cervical cancer screening and treatment, and only 69% (40/58) of those trained were stationed at service provision areas. Testing capacity was identifed as the main challenge, while the community strategy was the main opportunity. HPV testing can be performed on GeneXpert as a near point of care platform. However, triage compliance and testing TAT were major concerns. We recommend strengthening of the screening-triage-treatment cascade and expansion of testing capacity, before adoption of a GeneXpert-based HPV screening among other near point of care platforms in Kenya.

Acceptability and Preferences of Dry HR HPV Self-Sampling Mailed Kits Among Canadian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease, is identified as the source of 99.7% of cervical cancers. Screening for cervical cancer using oncogenic HPV (high-risk [HR] HPV) detection is more sensitive than traditional cytology. However, few Canadian data exist on HR HPV self-sampling. ObjectiveTo evaluate the acceptability of HR HPV self-sampling by patients, the percentage of correctly collected samples, the return rate of mailed kits, and the HPV positivity rate in a population sample based on different cervical cancer risk factors. MethodsWe conducted an observational cross-sectional study on HPV primary cervical cancer screening with self-collected cervicovaginal samples through mail service. ResultsA total of 400 kits were mailed and 310 kits were returned, making a return rate of 77.5%. Of these, 84.2% of patients were very satisfied with this method and 95.8% (297/310) of patients would choose self-sampling over cytology as their primary screening method. All patients would recommend this screening method to their friends or family members. Of the samples, 93.8% could be analyzed correctly and the HPV positivity rate was 11.7%. ConclusionIn this large and random sample, there was a strong interest in self-testing. Offering HR HPV self-sampling could increase access to cervical cancer screening. The self-screening method could also be a part of the solution to reaching under-screened populations, in particular, those who do not have a family doctor or avoid gynaecologic exams because of pain or anxiety.

Evaluation of p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of human papilloma virus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(opscc) and find out the optimal index to improve the accuracy of HPV detection. Methods: A total of 153 cases, from May 2014 to May 2020, diagnosed OPSCC in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were selected. This cohort included 130 males and 23 females, aged (58.6±10.0) years old. HPV RNA in situ hybridization was chosen as the gold standard to detect their HPV status. p16 immunohistochemistry and p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry were performed on all cases, and the p16/Ki-67 double positive index including 20%, 40%, and 60% were used as the thresholds to compare their sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction value (PPV), negative prediction value (NPV) and prognosis prediction ability. Results: Among the 153 patients with OPSCC, 114 were HPV-negative and 39 were HPV-positive, and the HPV infection rate of OPSCC patients was 25.5% (39/153). Only 58.1% (36/62) of single p16 positive cases were HPV-positive, and the prognosis of patients could not be distinguished using p16 immunohistochemistry only. Using p16/Ki-67 double staining, the accuracy of HPV positive diagnosis has been improved. The HPV diagnostic ability was the highest when the p16/Ki-67 double positive index was 40% (sensitivity=86.8%, specificity=94.8%, PPV=84.6%, NPV=95.6%, area under the curve=0.897), which could distinguish the prognosis of patients (P=0.012). Conclusions: The p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry can improve the accuracy of HPV positive diagnosis rate and diagnosis of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is the most accurate when the double-positive index is 40% as the threshold to judge HPV status and could serve as better surrogate marker for HPV detection.

13-Type HPV DNA Test versus 5-Type HPV mRNA Test in Triage of Women Aged 25-33 Years with Minor Cytological Abnormalities-6 Years of Follow-Up.

A specific, cost-effective triage test for minor cytological abnormalities is essential for cervical cancer screening among younger women to reduce overmanagement and unnecessary healthcare utilization. We compared the triage performance of one 13-type human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test and one 5-type HPV mRNA test. We included 4115 women aged 25-33 years with a screening result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) recorded in the Norwegian Cancer Registry during 2005-2010. According to Norwegian guidelines, these women went to triage (HPV testing and repeat cytology: 2556 were tested with the Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA test, which detects the HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68; and 1559 were tested with the PreTect HPV-Proofer HPV mRNA test, which detects HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45). Women were followed through December 2013. HPV positivity rates at triage were 52.8% and 23.3% among DNA- and mRNA-tested women (p < 0.001), respectively. Referral rates for colposcopy and biopsy and repeat testing (HPV + cytology) after triage were significantly higher among DNA-tested (24.9% and 27.9%) compared to mRNA-tested women (18.3% and 5.1%), as were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) detection rates (13.1% vs. 8.3%; p < 0.001). Ten cancer cases were diagnosed during follow-up; eight were in DNA-tested women. We observed significantly higher referral rates and CIN3+ detection rates in young women with ASC-US/LSIL when the HPV DNA test was used at triage. The mRNA test was as functional in cancer prevention, with considerably less healthcare utilization.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and related cervical morphological results in southern Hunan Province of China, 2018-2020: Baseline measures at a tertiary institution prior to mass human papillomavirus vaccination.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely correlated with cervical lesions. However, the HPV prevalence varies among different districts. This retrospective study investigated the HPV genotype distribution and its relationship with cervical lesions in southern Hunan Province. The database at our Pathology Department was searched for HPV and morphological results during 2018-2020 were reviewed. A total of 49,955 gynaecological inpatients and outpatients, each of whom underwent HPV testing based on the amplification of L1 sequence and reverse dot blot hybridization, were included in this study. Available cytology and relevant histological examination results were reviewed. Enrolled cases were categorized into seven groups based on their age. Household registry and educational level were evaluated. Seven thousand two hundred eighty-six females were positive for HPV and the overall HPV positivity rate was 14.59%. The top five most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV52, 16, 58, 53 and 51 (22.98%, 17.54%, 14.29%, 7.47%, and 5.70%, respectively). The HPV prevalence curve specific to the seven age groups showed a bimodal distribution. High school education or blow and rural residence served as risk factors for HPV infection. Single infection was the main type of HPV infection, and multiple infections occurred in 21.92% of the infected women. Of 3,148 cases had cytological results, 1,149 (36.50%) had abnormal cytological abnormalities. Among 2,833 participants with histological examination, 2000 (70.60%) had cervical abnormalities. Cytological and pathological abnormalities were mainly associated with infection with HPV16, 52 and 58. Further analysis found that HPV16, 58, 52 and 33 were the main genotypes associated with high-grade squamous lesions (HSIL) and that HPV16, 31, 33 and 58 were independent risk factors for HSIL (odd ratio [OR] = 1.70, 1.99, 2.59, 2.29; 95% CI = 1.41-2.03, 1.17-3.41, 1.88-3.59, 1.85-2.82; all p < 0.05). HPV16, 58, 52, 18 and 33 were the most frequent genotypes detected in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, and HPV16 and 18 were independent risk factors for cervical carcinomas (OR = 6.72;95% CI = 5.48-8.25; p < 0.001; OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.22-2.30; p = 0.001). This retrospective study demonstrated the prevalence and the distribution characteristics of HPV infection and its correlation with cervical lesions in southern Hunan Province. The comprehensive results of this survey can guide HPV vaccine research to protect against some common genotypes in China.

Evaluation of the feasibility of human papillomavirus sponge-type self-sampling device at Japanese colposcopy clinics.

Self-sampling human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been introduced for cervical cancer screening worldwide. In Japan, there are two types (brush and sponge) of HPV self-sampling devices. However, the recommended type for cervical cancer screening remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the HPV self-sampling device-sponge type (HSD-ST). Additionally, we aimed to examine the positive rate (sensitivity) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse using the HSD-ST. Finally, we aimed to perform a questionnaire survey regarding the usability of the HSD-ST. We included 165 women who underwent HPV testing at one of three gynecologic clinics. First, the women used the HSD-ST and completed a questionnaire regarding its usability. Subsequently, they underwent physician-sampling HPV testing and cytology. We examined the agreement rate of HPV positivity between self- and physician-sampling HPV testing. The HPV-positive rates of self- and physician-collected samples were 59.4% and 62.4%, respectively, with an overall concordance rate of 88.5% and a calculated kappa coefficient of 0.76, indicating high concordance. Moreover, the positive (sensitivity) rates for CIN2 or worse were 81.4% and 89.8% in the self- and physician-collected samples, respectively. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility and usability of the HSD-ST.

Co-Test im Zervixkarzinom-Screening: Die erste Runde

BackgroundIn 2020 guidelines for an organized screening program for cervical cancer with changes in primary screening and clinical management of conspicuous findings were introduced in Germany.ObjectiveDue to the data deficit, which stems from the central documentation only beginning after a 9-month delay, the results of the complete first screening round from a routine laboratory are evaluated.MaterialIn 2020 all co-test results of women aged 35 years and over were recorded in a pathology practice. The cytological control findings, human papillomavirus (HPV) tests, colposcopy and histological findings were documented.ResultsIn the primary screening a co-test was carried out for 63,615 women. Cytology findings requiring clarification by colposcopy (groups IIp–V of the Munich nomenclature III) were found in 1.96% and the HPV positive rate was 5.82% (1.28% HPV 16, 0.42% HPV 18). When cytologically negative and HPV positive women were examined by the required co-test 12 months later, these findings persisted in 40.6%, in 19.7% positive cytology findings were found. For 973 of the 1378 women positive for co-test, the results of colposcopy are known: 10.2% cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 7.8% CIN2, 8.5% CIN3 and 0.21% carcinoma. Of the 1081 women with positive cytology findings in primary screening 979 underwent colposcopy and 19.9% CIN1, 17% CIN2, 25.1% CIN3, 0.41% adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and 1.43% invasive carcinoma were diagnosed. Referral for colposcopy solely on persistent positive HPV test yielded CIN3 in 3.6% and for low-risk cytology a total of 6.6%.ConclusionOur data indicate an unfavorable benefit-cost ratio for negative and low-risk cytology. The central program evaluation will show to what extent algorithms should be adapted.

Positive Rate of Human Papillomavirus and Its Trend in Head and Neck Cancer in South Korea.

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the positive rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its trend in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in South Korea and to evaluate the clinical differences between HPV-positive and -negative tumors.MethodsWe studied 300 patients with HNSCC arising in the oropharynx (n = 77), oral cavity (n = 65), larynx (n = 106), hypopharynx (n = 40), and sinonasal cavity (n = 12), treated in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea from January 2008 to July 2020. HPV status was determined using p16 immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.ResultsOf the 300 patients with HNSCC, the positive rate of p16 was 30.3% (91/300). The p16 positive rate was 70.1, 13.9, 20.8, 15, and 0% in the oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, and sinonasal cavity, respectively. HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients were significantly younger than HPV-negative OPSCC patients. The positive rate of HPV in OPSCC has increased over time from 2008 to 2020, but has not changed significantly in the other primary sites. The disease-free survival curve of HPV-positive OPSCC was significantly better than that of HPV-negative tumors.ConclusionThe positive rate of HPV in Korean patients with OPSCC is significantly high (70.1%), similar to that in North America and Europe, and has increased abruptly in the past 12 years.

Evaluation of cervical smear screening and colposcopy assessments at a tertiary obstetrics and gynecology center in the blacksea region of Turkey: Retrospective chart-review of the last 5 years

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Furthermore, it is the 9thmost common cancer in all ages and the 4thmost common in the 25-49 age group of women in Turkey. Given these significantly high figures, it is a significant public health problem. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of patients screened for Human papillomavirus (HPV) in a tertiary-care setting in Turkey. This is a retrospective chart review of patients admitted for clinical examinations and who underwent cervical cancer screening between 1 January 2017 and 1 March 2022. The data analyses included HPV positivity, genotype distribution, cytology analyses, colposcopy results, pathological diagnoses, and follow-up methods. A total of 529 cases were included, of whom 41.6% were HPV positive. The most frequent HPV types were HPV-16 (16.6%) and HPV-high risk (HR) (12.1%). Cytology analyses revealed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in 17.8% and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in 12.7%. The most common pathological finding was cervicitis in 23.1% (n=122), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-1 in 9.3% (n=49), CIN-3 in 4% (n=21), and CIN-2 in 3.8% (n=20) of patients. HPV-59 (p=0.027) and HPV-HR (p=0.003) genotypes were determined in higher proportions in patients with ≥ASC-US cytology, and HPV-16 was significantly higher among patients with ≥CIN-1 lesions. The HPV positivity rate was 41.6% among women admitted to our tertiary-care university hospital for gynecological assessments. Distribution differences in HPV genotypes, cytology assessments, and pathological diagnoses might reflect the population characteristics in different geographical regions from previous studies. Our results provide current data for HPV surveillance in the Turkish population.

Postoperative Human Papilloma Virus Positivity Rate Due to Differences in Surgical Procedures in Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Objective: Cervical cancer is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous lesion. Common treatments for CIN are conization and laser vaporization. HPV testing is useful for predicting residual or recurrent disease after surgical treatment. We performed high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotyping postoperatively to examine the HPV positivity rate and determine whether this rate differed depending on the surgical procedure.

Differences in HPV infection and HPV-related lesions between the cervix and anus in hiv-positive women

Introduction: the prevalence of cervical and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is high. However, little is known about the differences in the susceptibility of these infections and related lesions. The aim of this study was to describe the association between the prevalence of cervical and anal HPV infection and HPV-related lesions in HIV-positive women. Methods: this study included 88 HIV-positive women attending an outpatient clinic in a university hospital. Ectocervical, endocervical, and anal samples were collected for colpocytology and anal cytology. A polymerase chain reaction-based technique was used to detect HPV deoxyribonucleic acid in endocervical and anal swab samples. Results: the cervical and anal HPV positivity rates were 35.21% and 78.8%, respectively. The presence of HPV-related lesions on colpocytology was associated with anal HPV positivity (P = 0.027). The ratio between cervical HPV infection and cervical HPV-related lesions was 2.5. The ratio between anal HPV infection and anal HPV-related lesions was 4.3. Overall, 30% had concomitant HPV DNA in the cervix and anus. Conclusion: there are differences in the susceptibility of infections and related lesions between the cervix and anus. Despite a higher incidence of anal HPV, the progression to HPV-related lesion does not occur via the same manner in the cervix and anus. Moreover, cervical HPV-related lesions in HIV-positive women may serve as a cue for anal preventive strategies, and further investigations in these women may be useful.

Type Specific Human Papilloma Virus Prevalence and Distribution in Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology: A Single Centre Retrospective Observational Study in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer and premalignant dysplasia. The prevalence and distribution of different high-risk HPV genotypes can affect HPV vaccination strategies and the design of cervical cancer prevention programs. Objective: Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of different HPV genotypes in women with abnormal Cervical cytology in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), evaluate correlations between HPV genotypes and the degree of cervical dysplasia, and observe distributions of HPV genotypes across age groups. Methods: The study included 442 women who underwent HPV genotyping at our institution between January 2018 and September 2019. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all 442 cases, and data were collected from hospital records. Results: The overall HPV positivity rate was 56.1%. The prevalence of high-risk HPV was 48%; 35.4% of patients had multiple high-risk HPV strains, whereas 64.6% had a single high-risk HPV strain. The most common high-risk HPV genotype was HPV-16 (15.2%), followed by HPV-31 (11.7%), HPV-53 (8.9%), HPV-66 (8.6%), and HPV-51 (8.3%). The prevalence of HPV-18 was only 3.8%. The high-risk HPV positivity rate Increased from 39% in women with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) to 81% in women with Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSILs), 81.3% in women with atypical squamous cells cannot rule out High-Frade Lesions, and 80% in women with High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSILs). The multiple high-risk HPV strain positivity rate increased from 32.4% in ASCUS to 44.7% in LSIL and 62.5% in HSIL. Increased HPV positivity rates and prevalence of HPV-16 were noted with increasing severity of cervical dysplasia. Decreased HPV positivity was observed with increasing age. Conclusion: Overall, because the prevalence and distribution of different high-risk HPV genotypes affect HPV vaccination strategies, our findings may be useful for the design of cervical cancer prevention programs.

Self-collected versus clinician-collected cervical samples for the detection of HPV infections by 14-type DNA and 7-type mRNA tests

BackgroundHPV self-sampling has been widely supported by the scientific community following a strong body of literature on the subject. Self-sampling is important in cervical cancer screening as it has been shown to improve participation. It is well documented that HPV-testing has proven superior to cytology with regards to sensitivity in detection of CIN and cancer. The value of self-collected samples is reliant on the quality of the molecular testing performed, as well as the patients’ preference in sampling procedure and compliance to follow up on positive test results. Due to the incompatibility of self-samples and cytology, triage of HPV-DNA positives by testing for molecular biomarkers is highly warranted.MethodsOur objective was to compare the detection rate of genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in self- and clinician-collected samples by a 14-type HPV-DNA test and a 7-type mRNA E6/E7 test.ResultsFive hundred five women were recruited. Each study participant had two sample collection procedures performed upon the same visit, alternating order in execution of the self-collection or the clinician-taken procedure first or second, 1010 samples in total. HPV-DNA prevalence was 22.8% in self-collected versus 19.2% in clinician-collected samples (P = 0.19). Overexpression of mRNA E6/E7 from 7 HPV types was 7.1 and 6.3%, respectively (P = 0.71). The difference between HPV-DNA and HPV-mRNA positivity rates were statistically significant in both self-collected (22.8% versus 7.1%, P < 0.001) and clinician-collected samples (19.2% versus 6.3%, P < 0.001). Overall agreement between the two collection methods was fair, with a concordance rate of 78.2% (390/505), k = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.25–0.44), P < 0.001, for the HPV-DNA test and 92.5% (467/505), k = 0.40 (95% CI, 0.25–0.56), P < 0.001, for the mRNA test, respectively. 96.8% of the participants reported they felt confident carrying out the self-collection themselves, and 88.8% reported no discomfort at all performing the procedure.ConclusionsThis comparative study of two sampling methods reports fair agreement of HPV positivity rates between the self-collected and clinician-collected specimens using Abbott hrHPV and PreTect HPV-Proofer’7 tests. Only one third of HPV-DNA positive women had overexpression of mRNA E6/E7.Trial registrationISRCTN77337300.