Human-oriented Approach Research Articles

Информационные войны: обоснование необходимости правового регулирования на примере Российской Федерации, Израиля и США

Psychological operations as a tool to influence the enemy’s conscience and behaviour were widely spread over the whole human history. Despite the stigmatisation of psychological operations (or psychological warfare) they were an integral component of state measures designed to achieve national objectives. Amid the development of the Internet and digital technologies, the use of psychological operations becomes even more frequent and inventive. The damage caused by their usage increases as well. Therefore, in order to limit uncontrolled use of psychological operations in violation of human rights and freedoms, it is necessary to regulate the procedure and conditions for conducting psychological operations in domestic law based on ethical principles and a human-oriented approach. At the same time, legal framework should include certain provisions to protect the state and its citizens from psychological influence of the enemy country.

Impacts of Emotional Labour on Employee Retention in The Health Sector

The health sector is one industry where a human-oriented approach predominates and interpersonal relationships are more intense. According to research, these professionals must display the appropriate emotions when dealing with patients and their families. Employees must, therefore, put in their emotional labour in addition to their cerebral and physical labour to meet these demands, although there aren't many studies in this field. The study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional labour on employee retention in the Ghanaian health sector using professional health workers at Bechem Government Hospital in the Tano South Municipality as the unit for analysis. The study was conducted at the Bechem Government Hospital in the Tano South Municipality of Ghana. The basic random sample method was used to choose the research participants. A sample size of 110 professional health workers was used. The major data collection instrument utilised by the researcher was a questionnaire. A descriptive statistic and an inferential statistic (such as an independent t-test) were used to run the data acquired using the study questions. From the findings, it was revealed that professional health workers, on average, exhibited high levels of emotional labour. Also, among the findings, it was revealed that emotional labour affects health workers’ retention. The study concludes that emotional labour is crucial in determining employees' work outcomes. Therefore, It is recommended that management of health institutions should often discuss and offer advice on the individual's professional development, explaining how this position will meet that demand.

Cognitive-behavioral urban planning: Criteria and principles of adaptive urban environment

Purpose: The aim of the work is to identify the influence of the urban environment on psychological behavior of large groups of people with the subsequent evaluation of formation criteria and principles of the adaptive urban environment.Methodology: The analysis and systematization of Russian and foreign experience in the formation of the adaptive urban environment in architecture, urban planning, psychology, and sociology. Various types of human perception of the urban environment are studied. Based on sociological data, the percentage of people with different perception of space is determined.Research findings: In cognitive urban studies, cognitive-behavioral urban studies are determined. Various models of human perception of the urban environment are studied. Criteria for assessing the urban environment are developed, which identify adaptive and maladaptive elements of urban space. The selected criteria make it possible to predict a positive or negative impact on the development of urban spaces at the initial design stage. A thorough analysis of the territory development allows choosing the most effective of them to provide the formation of the adaptive urban environment affecting the human psyche.Practical implications: Research results can be used in theory and practice of architecture and urban planning and complement training programs for specialists. Formation criteria and principles of the adaptive urban environment can be included in the design of urban spaces at various levels. Research contributes to further actualization of the human-oriented approach in urban studies and can be integrated in the Human Ecology discipline.Originality/value: The paper proposes monitoring of adaptability of urban spaces according to the given criteria. The principles are developed to carry out a new design, reconstruction or renovation of urban areas. The environment created in this way can have a positive impact on the psychological state of a person.

Ekistics as a Place Theory

Constantinos A. Doxiadis’s entopia is a multidisciplinary design and planning system against the dystopian conditions of the mid-twentieth century. Embodying the criticism of the period’s architectural and urban trends, C. A. Doxiadis coined entopia as a practicable concept between “unattainable” utopia and “existing” dystopia in 1966 as a complementary term for ekistics’ principles to provide healthy living conditions for the oncoming world city, ecumenopolis. This paper examines Entopia’s historical and spatial context by investigating the uniqueness of the concept among the place theories of the same era, aiming to re-open a discussion of ekistics. Entopia suggests a dynapolis (dynamic city) model and integrates a grid plan for accessibility and adequate mobility. The idea originates from the need for a human-oriented approach for future settlements of developing countries, new towns to be built, and existing settlements to be transformed in the direction of emerging needs. In this context, the paper first focuses on the grid plan and linear city model as antecedents of entopia’s dynamic city model. Secondly, modernist utopias are examined to compare entopia and other …topia projections. Thirdly, the place theories of the 1960s are criticized as the contemporary debates of entopia.

Multi-domain human-oriented approach to evaluate human comfort in outdoor environments

Human comfort outdoors is widely investigated, but most studies explore the comfort domains singularly. This paper aimed to evaluate human comfort in parks, verifying the importance of using a multi-domain (simultaneously evaluating thermal, visual, acoustic, and air quality) and multi-disciplinary (combining environmental and social fields) approach. A walk through a pre-defined path from one park to another was repeated twice per day on four consecutive days in June, with three participants per walk. The two investigated parks are in central Italy and were chosen because they differ in their design and spatial characteristics. Environmental data were recorded with an innovative wearable device during the whole walk, and surveys were used to assess people’s perceptions of the parks. Despite observed differences in collected physical parameters, the survey’s responses were similar, and different comfort domains showed dependence on each other in the two parks. Logistic regression models were developed for each park, and they revealed that the qualitative information predicted the overall comfort level more accurately than the environmental data. In detail, the models based on environmental data resulted in R2 equal to 0.126 and 0.111 in Parks 1 and 2, respectively, whereas using the survey answers increased it up to 0.820 (Park 1) and 0.806 (Park 2). This study contributes to addressing the gap in multi-domain comfort studies outdoors and confirms the importance of using multi-disciplinary and multi-domain approaches for a complete comfort analysis, supporting holistic human-biometeorology-oriented models and forecasting opportunities that can promote improvements in urban environmental quality and liveability.

Implementation Of Human Oriented Head Supervision In Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darussalam Awayan

<p><em>As the head of the madrasa, of course, he is faced with several complex problems, especially in understanding the administration of madrasa management, therefore the head of the madrasa is required to have basic skills in supervising in matters of religion, professionalism, managerial and competition. This study aims to explain the implementation of madrasa head supervision on a human-oriented basis at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darussalam Awayan. The research method used is a qualitative method with the type of research narrative research and data collection by means of observation and interviews. The data obtained is then reduced, data display and data verification. The results of the study explain that the principal at Madrasah Darussalam Awayan uses a human-oriented approach in the implementation of their supervision, including by personal approach to teachers who experience problems in learning, two-way discussions in the principal's office, guidance on problems faced by teachers by means of peer tutoring. and improving the quality of teachers by providing trainings in collaboration with external parties who have the competence to solve teacher problems. This research contributes to the supervision pattern of madrasah principals in a more elegant and humane way for teachers without dropping and degrading the professionalism of the guidance teachers. two-way discussions in the principal's office, guidance on problems faced by teachers by conducting peer tutoring and improving the quality of teachers by providing trainings in collaboration with external parties who have the competence to solve teacher problems. This research contributes to the supervision pattern of madrasah principals in a more elegant and humane way for teachers without dropping and degrading the professionalism of the guidance teachers. two-way discussions in the principal's office, guidance on problems faced by teachers by conducting peer tutoring and improving the quality of teachers by providing trainings in collaboration with external parties who have the competence to solve teacher problems. This research contributes to the supervision pattern of madrasah principals in a more elegant and humane way for teachers without dropping and degrading the professionalism of the guidance teachers.</em></p>

DESIGNING FOR THE BLIND: MULTISENSORY DESIGN APPROACH FOR CITY’S PARK

A city is said to be accessible if its implementation accommodates users’ needs, including those with special needs, either disabled, elderly, children, etc. The environment is considered accessible if it ensures users' equality, equity, and living without a hitch. Surabaya, a city with great appreciation and recognition, known to be one of the best cities in the world, is still yet not to be entitled as an accessible city, despite all the greatness of the town, which improve the people living in it. Like most cities in Indonesia, Surabaya is built mainly normative oriented to buildings and urban infrastructures and facilities , not human-oriented approach . Some failures in urban design implementation are common, f or instance: tree roots and their placement are still interfering pedestrians on the sidewalk; most signage is still not informative enough for people with special needs in streets and public facilities; guiding blocks for blind people are far from decent to be safely and comfortably used in a daily basis; parks pay no attention to their accessibility; etc. This paper offers an idea about how to live as a blind person in Indonesia and how the experience is considered the primary part of a design process . The idea is generated to propose the design criteria for redesign ing a public park . The data is gathered through participant observation by referencing from a blind’s point of view. Taman Bungkul is chosen as a field study as it is one of the best and the oldest parks in Surabaya and has been recognized and actively used by the residents. The proposed idea is formed by directly experiencing and observing what it feels like to be blind amidst public facilities designed for the non-disabled. The design criteria weigh how blinds gather information, percept spaces and distances, and use their senses such as aural, olfactory, tactile, and other senses. T he result proposes design criteria for existing public facilities that are more accessible, visitable, comfortable, and inclusive for everyone, especially for the blind. The design is presented and graphically communicated.

Ontological databases with faceted queries

The success of the use of ontology-based systems depends on efficient and user-friendly methods of formulating queries against the ontology. We propose a method to query a class of ontologies, called facet ontologies (fac-ontologies), using a faceted human-oriented approach. A fac-ontology has two important features: (a) a hierarchical view of it can be defined as a nested facet over this ontology and the view can be used as a faceted interface to create queries and to explore the ontology; (b) the ontology can be converted into an ontological database, the ABox of which is stored in a database, and the faceted queries are evaluated against this database. We show that the proposed faceted interface makes it possible to formulate queries that are semantically equivalent to {mathcal {SROIQ}}^{Fac}, a limited version of the {mathcal {SROIQ}} description logic. The TBox of a fac-ontology is divided into a set of rules defining intensional predicates and a set of constraint rules to be satisfied by the database. We identify a class of so-called reflexive weak cycles in a set of constraint rules and propose a method to deal with them in the chase procedure. The considerations are illustrated with solutions implemented in the DAFO system (data access based on faceted queries over ontologies).

Оцінка стану економічної безпеки в контексті людиноорієнтованого підходу.

The article is concerned with assessing the state of economic security using the human-oriented approach. It is substantiated that at the macrosystem level, the economic security of the country will characterize such a state that, in case of exposure to external and manifestation of internal threats, depending on the degree of sensitivity, can ensure the preservation of its stability at a sufficient level from the point of living standards, preservation and development of human capital. To form a set of indices, indicators of the Inclusive Economic Growth and Development Index, computed by the World Economic Forum, are used. To select the relevant indices of official methodological recommendations for assessing economic security in Ukraine, they were examined on the basis of determining the degree of correlation with the values of inclusive development in the countries of the world. A content-based comparison of groups and the composition of indicators for assessing economic security in accordance with the methodological recommendations with the specified index indicated the presence of a significant divergence between them. Low impact on inclusive development in indicators of added value of industry to GDP, energy imports, livestock production and food production index, a discriminatory role of agriculture in inclusive development of the country are identified. The assessment model of economic security includes indicators of macroeconomic security, investment-innovation, financial, security for business, foreign economic, energy, security in the field of education and demography. Based on a sample of countries comparable in terms of incomes with Ukraine, the value of the complex of indicators of economic security of Ukraine for 2014–2020 is normed. The assessment of the integral index points out the average level of economic security relative to the level of incomes similar in countries. Macroeconomic and security for business activities are the worst. It is noted that the full use of indicators of inclusion in economic security is complicated by the lack of statistics for most countries, in particular, indicators of the welfare of the population from the point of view of accumulated assets. The conclusion is made about the need to develop household statistics for the adequate application of the human-oriented approach in assessing the economic security.

Industry 5.0: concept, formation and development

At present in Europe and Russia there are active discussions of the next mega stage of human social and economic development. It concerns the Industry 5.0 concept. In 2020–2021 members of scientific research and technological organizations discussed the aspects of Industry 5.0 at a number of well-known European and Russian forums. Major attention was paid to technologies maintaining Industry 5.0. As a result the world scientific community reached a consensus on two fronts: firstly, on integration of opportunities of the existing technologies of Industry 4.0 with the human-oriented approach of Industry 5.0 which will give way to harmonious interaction of human intelligence with cognitive calculations; and, secondly, on integration of human and machine intelligence to create collective intelligence which will make it possible to avoid technological singularity in future as well as provide for simultaneous humans’ evolution and technologies’ development. These will become the basis for creating a fundamentally new social, economic and cultural strategy of the society’s development for the coming decades. The strategy is based on applying collective intelligence and meta-system technologies in all spheres of life. For the first time in the world scientific practice the authors introduce the concept of Industry 5.0 as a cyber social system which allows the alliance of human and artificial intelligence aimed at creating collective super intelligence and becomes a source of harmonious technological development of human civilization. The authors present a neuro-ecosystem model of Industry 5.0 concept which will make it possible to set the task of implementing the systems of global meta-system strategized development of cognitive production and industry. Such systems are established as part of organization of cognitive production and new types of social and economic, cyber-social and industrial ecosystems by means of implementing collective intelligence and neuro-digital meta-technologies. This is the first stage of a new evolution process of developing Industry 4.0 concept, transition to Industry 5.0 and to meta-system transformations economics.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CREATIVE ECONOMY IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The aim of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of creative economy concept formation, to determine approaches to the study of creative economy as a systemic phenomenon and its significance for economic development. To achieve these goals, the following general scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, systematization, theoretical generalization, abstraction and analogy. Different approaches to the study of creative economy as a systemic phenomenon (new concept, system of specific socio-economic relations, part of the world economy or a specific industry, driver of economic growth, human-oriented approach) are analyzed. The creative economy is considered in the context of ensuring possibilities its development by the carriers of human potential, on which its formats, efficiency, rates of formation and scaling directly depend. The attention is focused on the place of human potential in the system of creative economy formation. Creative components of human potential (knowledge, experience, innovation) are determined. The author’s definition of the «creative economy» concept is formulated on the basis of the creative component of human potential usіng and the results of creative activity (new technologies, innovations, information, knowledge). Modern approaches to the definition of creative industries and their composition (a set of certain types of economic activity, a set of certain professions, a creative city, part of the economic system) are considered. It is determined that the attribution of different industries to creative industries in different countries and international organizations creates obstacles to the development and formation of a single mechanism for using creative industries as a tool of state and regional economic growth, therefore, it is important to develop a unified methodological approach to their distribution according to the share of the creative component. The practical significance lies in the fact that the main features for determining the creative component in different types of economic activity are formulated.

Smartization in Gatchina

In the paper, a case of a Russian town Gatchina is examined to find the reasonable balance between international Smart City practice, governmental requirements, historical identity preservation and human-oriented approach. The article focuses on the democratic urban design of a public space. The project included qualitative and quantitative research; three project sessions with local inhabitants; preparation of an architectural project based on the collected data. During the design process, organizers faced two types of challenges: economic (shortage of funding) and communication issues (difficulties with informing and recruiting the citizens for the project sessions; underrepresentativeness of some target groups; etc.), whereby the latter dominate. Nevertheless, the project was effective; it showed that such towns can afford Smart City (though by separate projects only), and that collaboration with the citizens contributes to both history and culture preservation and effective competition in federal grants for Smart City development.

An analysis of key factors affecting New Town Planning with a human-centred approach

Abstract Since new towns are to meet the needs of the metropolitan population, it is required to acquaint the populations with the new scientific-technical methods and take one more step towards civilisation. Given that the New Town seeks to provide the latest facilities for citizens, a human-oriented approach can be proposed. New Urbanism with a humanistic approach requires coherent and dynamic planning. New structures and the various needs of the New Towns require comprehensive and integrated planning to utilise recent facilities to lead New Towns toward a human-centred attitude. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyse the key factors affecting the planning of New Towns with a humanistic approach. The method in this research is a descriptive-analytical survey. In the first step of the research, a list of primary factors involved in planning new cities was identified as research variables, using documentary sources and previous research. Then the research variables were analysed based on the Delphi method. Accordingly, 34 variables were provided in five domains for 50 experts in urban planning issues in the form of questionnaires to be analysed in matrices. The findings of the study are demonstrated in five aspects: cultural-social, physical-spatial, economic, environmental, and governance topics, with 34 components. The results show that citizenship rights, social capital, transparency, accountability, law, participation, consensus, quality of performance and managerial effectiveness, efficiency, economic welfare, sustainable active economy, meeting economic needs, quality of texture, and spirituality have the highest impact and the lowest affectedness on the realisation of human-centred New Urbanism. The results can be useful and effective by establishing integrity and fundamental theoretical principles in planning, implementation and strategic control of New Towns.

Smartization in Gatchina

In the paper, a case of a Russian town, Gatchina, is examined to find the reasonable balance between international smart city practice, governmental requirements, historical identity preservation, and human-oriented approach. The article focuses on the democratic urban design of a public space. The project included qualitative and quantitative research, three project sessions with local inhabitants, and preparation of an architectural project based on the collected data. During the design process, organizers faced two types of challenges—economic (shortage of funding) and communication issues (difficulties with informing and recruiting the citizens for the project sessions, under representativeness of some target groups, etc.)—whereby the latter dominate. Nevertheless, the project was effective; it showed that such towns can afford smart city (though by separate projects only) and that collaboration with the citizens contributes to both history and culture preservation and effective competition in federal grants for smart city development.

The role of Eco-tourism in sustainable development: case study eco-tourism challenges in Iran

Sustainable development is a new concept formed after the industrial revolution and the problems created concerning industrialization of cities and technological development of cities and linking different economic, cultural, political, and social development and exceptional attention to ecological considerations. Sustainable development has a comprehensive, integrated and human-oriented approach. It includes valuable concepts in preserving, promoting, and improving health and ecological integrity in the long term and providing human needs. Without destroying the next generation's ability and achieving economic dynamism, a livable environment and social equality are critical dimensions. The importance of conservation of natural resources in the urban environment is as significant as one of the essential areas of development of communities and, at the same time, a criterion for improving the quality of life. The consequences of urban development and the complexity of environmental problems have the inevitable existence of green spaces and their development. Due to the role of urban management in achieving sustainable urban development, this research tries to explain the concept of urban management, its objectives, and its components and provide effective urban management to achieve sustainable development. Eco-tourism is mainly based on resources that the natural environment is available to tourists that use it and appropriate conditions and requires protection of natural resources, which can be realized through evaluation of capability and capacity of the natural environment to attract tourists. The unique geography and diversity of natural phenomena caused Iran to be recognized as the fifth most crucial natural diversity globally, but planning for using these conditions is still not provided. In addition, the country's eco-tourism is faced with social, economic, and environmental problems, and for planning in the field of overcoming this challenge, we first need to recognize these challenges.

Імплементація людиноорієнтованого підходу в систему забезпечення економічної безпеки країни

The main characteristics of the human-centered approach in the field of economic security are identified, that become especially relevant in the era of the fourth scientific revolution and the new economy, which must be taken into account when implementing in public policy. Basic views on understanding security in accordance with a human-centered approach. It is substantiated that the security element that characterizes "freedom from need" is identified with the economic security of a country that has a focus on people. Such security has been shown to be inherently associated with "freedom of choice" or development opportunities, values, and the protection of a vital core. The main provisions of the New Economic Theory, which are complementary to the human-oriented approach to economic security of the country, are indicated. The qualification of the implemented strategies in the main areas of national security of Ukraine had done. The necessity of finding the intersection of the paradigm of economic security and development of human capital, inclusive economic development is underlined.

COMPARISON OF THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF AKHISM SYSTEM WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Today, organizations implement strategies for human development and integrate them with business life. The positive development of human beings, which is an integral part of organizations, contributes to businesses and indirectly to society. In this respect, positive psychology is one of the important building blocks applied to the development of human resources and businesses. Akhism System is traditionally known for many years in Turkey, business-oriented, positive psychology, and philosophy of life. Akhism, which has deep roots from the past, integrates business life and personal life with its typical philosophy. Akhism system is a structure that aims to develop and mature the individual by referring to the belief system and thus social change with both his life and his business life. The concept of psychological capital, arising from the positive psychology school, is a positive and human-oriented approach in organizations. In this study, the content, principles, and practices of the Akhism system were compared with the main elements of psychological capital that self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience. In addition, in-depth interviews were carried out in Turkey's Sivas province with eight small business managers who declared that they knew and implemented the Akhism system. The findings were analyzed by the interpretive phenomenological analysis method and it was concluded that the Akhism System is similar to the psychological capital elements in terms of content, teaching, and practices and is still practiced traditionally today. The principles and practices of the Akhism System, which have continued from the past to the present, constitute a great resource in terms of psychological capital. It is thought that the principles and practical experience of Akhism System will contribute to organizations in terms of psychological capital.

Transformation of Corporate Governance and Property relations in a Digital Society

The need to transform corporate governance and property relations in a digital society stems from the emerging new realities associated with the emergence of digital assets, new intellectual property objects, and the increasing role of human capital and intellectual capital in innovation. The purpose of the work is to identify trends and directions of transformation of property relations and corporate relations that are inherent in the digital society. The methodological basis of the study was the categorical apparatus of economic theory, institutional theory, methods of dialectics, statistical analysis, principles of formal logic, a systematic approach, scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of property theory and corporate relations. The trends that determine the direction of property modification caused by the formation of a digital society are identified; it is proved that the leading forms of ownership are digital assets and intellectual property objects. It is proved that ensuring a technological breakthrough requires strengthening the role of the human factor and a new human-oriented approach to the transformation of corporate relations. Trends of corporate governance modification in the digital society are revealed. The findings can be used in practice by company management when developing corporate governance strategies.

Innovative post-harvested processing activation program for potential local agro-based food commodity using design thinking approach (Case Study: Keladi Tuber (Caladium bicolor Vent.) commodity in Manokwari, West Papua)

Sustainable product development in the rural area has different challenges that need to discuss, such as the condition of the culture of the community, nature and the context of its locality. Manokwari, Papua, in eastern Indonesia, has a high complexity in advancing its human resources with the potential of local food commodity. This research used Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods. Action Research was done by activating the community to grow prosperity through product development using Design Thinking approach through six stages; 1) observe, 2) define, 3) ideation, 4) prototyping and 5) storytelling or testing and 6) validation, which presents an accurate information, begin with a human-oriented approach to capture the real basic needs of the community that must be addressed. This research was carried out for trial local commodity development, Keladi tuber (Caladium bicolor Vent.) in Manokwari, West Papua, which processed with minimal added value, so the challenge is to increase community’s capacity and innovation in processing it. This research captures trends and society’s dynamics map from people’s daily experiences as information for synthesizing problems and organize creative solutions. The result forms activation plans for post-harvest commodity processing: 1) recommendations for strategic development steps, 2) post-harvest processing, 3) raw material stocks system, 4) diversification of derivative product and formulations, 5) activation of village-city hubs as a link with potential marketing area, and 6) downstream activation in the marketing area for wider market penetration.

Развитие теории интеллектуального капитала в условиях цифровой экономики

The article describes the main features of the digital economy that determine the development of the theory of intellectual capital from the standpoint of human-oriented approach. The interpretation of the concept "human intellectual capital" is offered, its structure at the level of the worker and the organization is described. Approaches and models of human intellectual capital assessment taking into account natural and artificial components of human intelligence are presented.