Human Movement Systems Research Articles

The practicality of connected type-based science teaching materials on simple plane principles in human movement systems

The aim of this research is to determine the practicality of science teaching materials based on the connected type. This research uses a method of testing the level of practicality of teaching materials on simple aircraft and human movement systems. Data and information collection was carried out through interviews with science teachers regarding the teaching materials used for learning. The data collection technique consists of classroom management which can be determined from the results of the teacher's overall observations according to the number of students that have been determined and student response questionnaires are used to determine student responses to Integrated Science Teaching Materials. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques consist of classroom management analysis and student response analysis. The practicality of integrated science teaching materials is stated to be practical to apply. The results of the analysis of class management from all meetings obtained grades in the very good category and the questionnaire analysis of student responses in the learning process obtained results with good criteria.

Student worksheets based on connected type integration models on simple planes and human movement systems: The practical analysis

This study aims to determine how practical the integrated science student worksheets are based on the connected type integration model with simple aircraft material and the human motion system. This type of research was quantitative, which was part of research and development. Research and development is a type of research that aims to make products through practical testing. The test subjects in the research involved 18 class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Pulubala. The results of classroom management obtained a score of 96% in the very good category, and the responses of students reached an average score of 63% in the good category. It can be concluded that the development of integrated science student worksheets connected type integration model is practical for use in the learning process.

Neural tracking of visual periodic motion.

Periodicity is a fundamental property of biological systems, including human movement systems. Periodic movements support displacements of the body in the environment as well as interactions and communication between individuals. Here, we use electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the neural tracking of visual periodic motion, and more specifically, the relevance of spatiotemporal information contained at and between their turning points. We compared EEG responses to visual sinusoidal oscillations versus nonlinear Rayleigh oscillations, which are both typical of human movements. These oscillations contain the same spatiotemporal information at their turning points but differ between turning points, with Rayleigh oscillations having an earlier peak velocity, shown to increase an individual's capacity to produce accurately synchronized movements. EEG analyses highlighted the relevance of spatiotemporal information between the turning points by showing that the brain precisely tracks subtle differences in velocity profiles, as indicated by earlier EEG responses for Rayleigh oscillations. The results suggest that the brain is particularly responsive to velocity peaks in visual periodic motion, supporting their role in conveying behaviorally relevant timing information at a neurophysiological level. The results also suggest key functions of neural oscillations in the Alpha and Beta frequency bands, particularly in the right hemisphere. Together, these findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underpinning the processing of visual periodic motion and the critical role of velocity peaks in enabling proficient visuomotor synchronization.

ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL KETRAMPILAN BERFIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI SISWA XI PADA MATERI SISTEM GERAK MANUSIA

Background: One of the skills that students should be have is higher-order thinking skills, especially critical thinking skills acquired during learning which are measured to find out student learning outcomes in the form of tests. Before the test, an analysis of the quality of the test or item analysis is carried out to produce a quality test and meet the test requirements, namely validity, reliability, objectivity, index of difficulty, and discriminatory power. Methods: This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach Results: The research showed that the results of the instrument for testing higher-order thinking skills, especially critical thinking skills in the subject of human movement systems for class XI students at MA Darul Ulum, were declared valid and reliable, then used to measure higher-order thinking skills. The average score of students' higher-order thinking skills for the descriptive item test instrument was 72. The highest score for the descriptive item test instrument achieved by students was 96 and the lowest score was 32. This shows that students' higher-order thinking skills were still lacking. The researcher re-developed the high-order thinking skills test instrument by adjusting the performance indicators to the questions. Conclusion: The test instrument for higher order thinking skills, especially critical thinking skills in the human movement system material for class XI students at MA Darul Ulum which was developed is valid, reliable, and feasible to use.

The Implementation of TPACK Learning in Human Movement Systems Materials to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking

Natural Sciences is the study of natural phenomena. In science learning, students are expected to have scientific knowledge, high-level thinking, critical and creative thinking, so that they become independent learners. The purpose of this study was to describe students' critical thinking skills through environmental-based TPACK learning on the human motion system material. This research method is done by lesson study with 3 learning cycles. The results showed that TPACK learning can improve students' critical thinking, especially in identifying, linking, analyzing and concluding in this study the application of TPACK learning to improve thinking skills in categories can be very good.

In-silico neuro musculoskeletal model reproduces the movement types obtained by spinal micro stimulation

Background and ObjectivesVirtual patients and physiologies allow experimentation, design, and early-stage clinical trials in-silico. Virtual patient technology for human movement systems that encompasses musculoskeleton and its neural control are few and far in between. Our major goal is to create a neuro- musculoskeletal upper limb in-silico model, which is modular in architecture and generates movement as an emergent phenomenon out of a multiscale co-simulation of spinal cord neural control and musculoskeletal dynamics. MethodsThe model is developed on the NEUROiD movement simulation platform that enables a co-simulation of popular neural simulator NEURON and the musculoskeletal simulator OpenSim. We further characterized and demonstrated the use of this model in generating a range of commonly observed upper limb movements by means of a spatio-temporal stimulation pattern delivered to the cervical spinal cord. ResultsWe were able to characterize the model based on proprioception (Ia, Ib and II fibers), afferent conduction delay and inital postures of the musculoskeletal system. A smooth movement was achieved in all the considered experiments. The generated movements in all degrees of freedom were reproduced in accordance with the previous experimental studies. ConclusionIn this work, design and development of the upper limb model was described in a modular fashion, while reusing existing models and modules. We believe this work enables a first and small step towards an in-silico paradigms for understanding upper limb movement, disease pathology, medication, and rehabilitation.

Analysis On Students’ Scientific Literacy of Newton’s Law and Motion System in Living Things

The 21st century skills focus on scientific literacy competences in various urban and rural areas, one of which is Papua. Scientific literacy has competences to identifying scientific problems, explaining scientific phenomena, and utilizing scientific findings to solve problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the science literacy competences of IPA class VIII students of SMPN 5 Jayapura. Scientific literacy is competencies to understanding science, communicating science, and applying scientific conceptual to solve problems. A descriptive qualitative approach is used as this type of research. This research was conducted at SMPN 5 Jayapura. The sample selection used purposive sampling technique. There were 33 students who became respondents and teste in this study. The research instruments were documentation, observation, tests and interviews. The average percentage of competency aspects with indicators of identifying scientific problems, explaining scientific phenomena, and utilizing scientific findings is below 80%. The average percentage of aspects of knowledge about the concept of motion, with sub-concepts of regular motion, force, and Newton's laws is below 90%. The average percentage of human, animal and plant movement systems is below 70%. The highest score, average, median, mode, and lowest score of the cognitive scores of students' scientific literacy abilities were 100; 68.33; 75; 80; and 30. The scientific literacy competences of grade 8 students of SMPN 5 Jayapura are still low, which is shown in terms of the percentage of competence and is classified as moderate for the knowledge aspect. The conclusion of this study is that the scientific literacy competences of students at SMPN 5 Jayapura are in the sufficient category.

Teaching locomotion biomechanics: from concepts to applications

Our daily activities involve different types of locomotion, including walking and running. In this paper we present a series of biomechanical models to describe such locomotor activities with a set only a few characteristic parameters. With this we aim at providing an introduction to the modelling of human locomotion which is equally appropriate for high-school and university-level students. We share our experiences with integrating these biomechanical models into classes with students of different disciplines comprising engineering, computer science, physics and sport science. Supplementing these modelling approaches, we use experimental methods as well as robotic testbeds to evaluate and justify the biomechanical simulation models. By this, we enable students from different fields to gain first experiences in the understanding and application of human movement systems and potential extensions to related technologies, such as robotics and assistive devices (e.g. prostheses and exoskeletons).

Watch Where You're Going? Interferer Velocity and Visual Behavior Predicts Avoidance Strategy During Pedestrian Encounters

ABSTRACTPedestrians can avoid collisions with other pedestrians by modifying some combination of their velocity and their path. The authors investigated how path constraints (constrained or unconstrained), interferer velocity (slow or fast), and vision (looking or not looking; time spent looking at the interferer) influenced collision avoidance to an oblivious interferer walking on a perpendicular path. Ten participants walked 6 m to either a point or line target on either a constrained or unconstrained path while wearing an eye-tracking device and avoiding an oblivious interferer that walked at 2 speeds. Looking behavior and interferer velocity were reliable predictors of determining whether a pedestrian would pass in front of or behind the interferer, while path constraints were less reliable. These findings highlight the degeneracy in human movement systems and suggest that, in complex environments, behavior may not always be optimized for efficiency.

Approximate Entropy Normalized Measures for Analyzing Social Neurobiological Systems

ABSTRACT When considering time series data of variables describing agent interactions in social neurobiological systems, measures of regularity can provide a global understanding of such system behaviors. Approximate entropy (ApEn) was introduced as a nonlinear measure to assess the complexity of a system behavior by quantifying the regularity of the generated time series. However, ApEn is not reliable when assessing and comparing the regularity of data series with short or inconsistent lengths, which often occur in studies of social neurobiological systems, particularly in dyadic human movement systems. Here, the authors present two normalized, nonmodified measures of regularity derived from the original ApEn, which are less dependent on time series length. The validity of the suggested measures was tested in well-established series (random and sine) prior to their empirical application, describing the dyadic behavior of athletes in team games. The authors consider one of the ApEn normalized measures to generate the 95th percentile envelopes that can be used to test whether a particular social neurobiological system is highly complex (i.e., generates highly unpredictable time series). Results demonstrated that suggested measures may be considered as valid instruments for measuring and comparing complexity in systems that produce time series with inconsistent lengths.

Movement Models from Sports Provide Representative Task Constraints for Studying Adaptive Behavior in Human Movement Systems

Researchers studying adaptive behavior in human movement systems have traditionally employed simplified, laboratory-based movement models in an effort to conserve experimental rigor. Brunswikian psychology raises questions over the representativeness of many of these popular experimental models for studying how movements are coordinated with events, objects, and surfaces of dynamic environments. In this article we argue that sports provide rich ecological constraints for representative task design in modeling the complex interactions of human performers with their environments. Adopting a functionalist perspective enriched by ideas from ecological psychology and nonlinear dynamics, we consider data from exemplar movement models in basketball and boxing to support this contention. We show that this preference for movement models from sports, although not completely novel, has accelerated over recent years, mainly due to the theoretical re-emphasis on studying the interaction of individual and task constraints. The implications of using such applied models of move ment behavior in studying the design of natural and artificial systems are also discussed.

Ocular dynamics and skeletal systems

Issues that are central to the modeling and analysis of a human movement system include musculotendon dynamics, the kinetics and kinematics of the biomechanical system, and the determination of neurological controls that are pertinent to a particular movement. In formulating a model for a biological control system, realism and complexity are always competing concerns. Human motion involves neurons, muscles, chemical reactions, bones, joints, and ligaments. How realistic can a model be made and still be simple enough for practical implementation and analytical tractability? What features of these enormously complex mechanisms are essential to include in the model, and which may be left out? Clearly, part of the answer to these questions lies in the specific model to be analyzed and the purpose for which it is to be used. The article focuses on the dynamics and control of ocular and skeletal systems. The discussion of these systems provides insights into modeling issues that are common to the study of human movement systems.

Modeling human motor systems in nonlinear dynamics: intentionality and discrete movement behaviors

Attempts to understand human movement systems from the perspective of nonlinear dynamics have increased in recent years, although research has almost exclusively focused on modeling rhythmical movements as limit cycle oscillators. Only a limited amount of work has been undertaken on discrete movements, generally only in the form of numerical simulations and mathematical models. In this paper we briefly overview the key findings from previous research on movement systems as nonlinear dynamical systems, and report data from a behavioral experiment on the coordination observed in a prehension movement under both discrete and rhythmical conditions. In a rhythmical condition subjects grasped dowels in time to a metronomic beat, whereas in a discrete condition a target dowel was grasped within a predetermined movement time. A ‘scanning procedure’ was implemented to monitor changes in the time of relative final hand closure during hand transport to the dowel. For each condition, a pre-test and post-test of 10 trials were also conducted either side of the scanning trial block. No effects between condition or trial block were noted and there was a large amount of within-subject variability in the coordination data. The findings support previous theoretical modeling suggesting that subject intentionality acts as a more powerful constraint on the intrinsic dynamics of the movement system in discrete compared to rhythmical conditions. The high levels of individual variability were interpreted as being due to the competition between specific and non-specific control parameters (e.g., the subject's intentionality and the metronomic beat). It is concluded that discrete prehension movements appear amenable to a nonlinear dynamical analysis. The data also point to the innovative use of within-subject analyses in future work modeling motor systems as nonlinear dynamical systems.

Controlling Stability of a Complex Movement System

Human movement systems have frequently been treated as one-dimensional, single-axis, rigid bodies in order to simplify the gathering, analysis, and interpretation of data. The problem with this approach is that the results of such assumptions often lead to conclusions about the production and control of movement that do not relate to the control demands placed on the central nervous system. In order to truly understand how the central nervous system plans and produces movements to match environmental demands, we must take into account the many variations available within the body. The purpose of this article is to examine two movement systems that have the potential to act in multiple spatial dimensions with variable muscle action patterns when performing a stabilizing task. Methods of analyzing how the systems operate under differing task constraints and results of the experiments will be presented. Hypothetical models that have been proposed to explain how complex movement systems operate will also be discussed.

Linear homeomorphic model for human movement.

The parameter values for this model are specific to the human eye movement systems; however, the form of the model is applicable to other neurological motor control systems. The muscle length-tension diagram was modeled with an ideal spring. The muscle force-velocity relationship was linearized in a manner that produced a linear model. Initial parameter estimates were based on physiological data, human when possible. Then a function minimization program was used to fine tune model parameters. These parameter values were compared to the original physiological data to ensure that they were within the range of variability of the data. The antagonist dashpot value was selected to minimize the mean squared error between human and model responses; the value produced suggested a unique simplified representation for the original physiological data. The parameter estimation routine was applied to make the model match atypical human eye movements; these simulations suggested that glissades in normals are caused by pulsewidth, not pulse height errors.