Human-machine Connection Research Articles

Study on human-SRL synchronized walking based on coupled impedance.

Supernumerary robotic limbs (SRL) is a novel category of wearable robotics. Unlike prostheses (compensation for human limbs) and exoskeletons (augmentation of human limbs), SRL focuses on expanding human limbs and enhancing human activities, perception, and operation through the mutual collaboration of mechanical limbs and human limbs. The SRL of lower limbs are attached to the human waist, synchronized with the human walking in the forward direction, and can carry weight independently in the vertical direction. In order to enhance the synchronization performance of the human-machine system during walking and minimize interference with human gait, it is essential to investigate the coupling dynamics within the human-SRL system. To facilitate our research, this paper focuses on relatively ideal working conditions: level road surfaces, no additional weight-bearing on the SRL, and humans walking in a straight line without any turns. We build upon the passive dynamic walking theory and utilize the human-SRL system model established by MIT to develop a coupling system model. Through numerical simulations, we identify the optimal values for the stiffness and damping coefficients of the human-machine connection. Additionally, we have designed the wheel-legged SRL structure and constructed the SRL control system for experimental validation. It is found that a better synchronization of the human-machine walking process can be achieved by configuring suitable spring and damping units in the human-machine connection part. In this study, we explored the concept of SRL and its potential benefits for enhancing human motion, conducting simulations and experiments based on the coupled dynamics of human-SRL systems. The results indicate that by equipping the human-machine connection component with suitable spring and damping units, synchronization during the walking process can be improved.

Speech Emotion Detection Through Live Calls

Abstract: Speech emotion recognition is a popular study area right now, with the goal of enhancing human-machine connection. Most of the research being done in this field now classifies emotions into different groups by extracting discriminatory features. Most of the work done nowadays concerns verbal expressions used for lexical analysis and emotion recognition. In our project, emotions are categorized into the following categories: angry, calm, fearful, happy, and sad. Speech Emotion Recognition, often known as, SER, is a technology that takes advantage of the fact that tone and pitch in a speech frequently convey underlying emotions. The approach to assessing or anticipating a speaker's gender and emotions from their speech has been given in the proposed work. By graphing the waveform and spectrogram, convolutional neural networks are used to evaluate or predict gender and emotions. A CNN model is created using the input of 12162 samples to ordering to identify the emotions present in the speech. In our study, the suggested model's overall accuracy is calculated using only one feature, the MFCC from the speech, and the 4 datasets (RAVDESS, SAVEE, CREAMA-D, and TESS). The accuracy is first calculated for each emotion and gender before the overall accuracy is discovered.

Speech Based Emotion Recognition

Abstract: In this paper we are exhibiting our Final Year Project which is Speech Emotion Recognition. Today's hot study issue is speech and emotion detection, with the goal of improving human-machine connection. Currently, the majority of research in this field relies on discriminator extraction to classify emotions into several categories. The majority of the present research focuses on the utterance of words that are employed in language-dependent lexical analysis for emotion detection. This study employs strategies to classify emotions into five categories: anger, calm, anxiety, happiness, and sorrow using Machine Learning algorithm Convolutional Neural Network.

Data Exchange Techniques for Internet of Robotic Things: Recent Developments

The world we live in is where a human-machine connection is a barometer, and this tendency is only growing to provide richer and universal human reminiscences. New technologies, as well as the fusion of different classes of current technologies, are used to create such unique solutions. The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is the product of collaboration between robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT), which has opened up incredible potential for localized self-sufficient solutions. Robots can collect accurate data from the environment and provide a comprehensive service instantaneously. Being an amalgamation of two different concepts i.e. IoT and Robotics, the IoRT system is anticipated to benefit both by expanding their potential to innovative heights. This paper gives a concise introduction to the communication architecture of the IoRT system. The taxonomy of various data exchange protocols used in an IoRT system is proposed. The necessary improvements in protocols that are required to enhance communication in an IoRT system are presented. A Review of some data exchange methodologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for secure and reliable communication is also given in this paper. The key motive of this paper is to understand the data exchange within an IoRT system using common communication protocols.

Task-Oriented Muscle Synergy Extraction Using An Autoencoder-Based Neural Model

The growing interest in wearable robots opens the challenge for developing intuitive and natural control strategies. Among several human–machine interaction approaches, myoelectric control consists of decoding the motor intention from muscular activity (or EMG signals) with the aim of driving prosthetic or assistive robotic devices accordingly, thus establishing an intimate human–machine connection. In this scenario, bio-inspired approaches, e.g., synergy-based controllers, are revealed to be the most robust. However, synergy-based myo-controllers already proposed in the literature consider muscle patterns that are computed considering only the total variance reconstruction rate of the EMG signals, without taking into account the performance of the controller in the task (or application) space. In this work, extending a previous study, the authors presented an autoencoder-based neural model able to extract muscles synergies for motion intention detection while optimizing the task performance in terms of force/moment reconstruction. The proposed neural topology has been validated with EMG signals acquired from the main upper limb muscles during planar isometric reaching tasks performed in a virtual environment while wearing an exoskeleton. The presented model has been compared with the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm (i.e., the most used approach in the literature) in terms of muscle synergy extraction quality, and with three techniques already presented in the literature in terms of goodness of shoulder and elbow predicted moments. The results of the experimental comparisons have showed that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-art synergy-based joint moment estimators at the expense of the quality of the EMG signals reconstruction. These findings demonstrate that a trade-off, between the capability of the extracted muscle synergies to better describe the EMG signals variability and the task performance in terms of force reconstruction, can be achieved. The results of this study might open new horizons on synergies extraction methodologies, optimized synergy-based myo-controllers and, perhaps, reveals useful hints about their origin.

УКРАЇНСЬКО-ПОЛЬСЬКИЙ ДІАЛОГ ЛІТЕРАТУР ЯК СПОСІБ ПОДОЛАННЯ ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙНОЇ КРИЗИ

In the article on the broad background of Ukrainian and Polish literatures of the twentieth century the problem of the crisis of modern culture and the need for dialogue have been clarified. The greatest philosophers Oswald Spengler, Arthur Schopenhaur, Friedrich Nietzsche, Mykola Berdyaev, Albert Camus, Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger, Herbert Marcuse, and others wrote about the crisis of culture and the destructive role of the human-machine connection in it. Modernism, in particular, the Young Poland Group, came out of distrust of the cult of reason. The article deals with the works of modernists at the reception of Lesya Ukrainka and Ivan Franko, analyzes the manifestations, programs and discussions of Young Poland, and shows its impact on the Young Muse group in Lviv. The apologetics of the “machine age” in the literature is related to the work of Italian (Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Corado Govoni, Ardengo Soffici, Giovanni Panini, etc.), Russian (Igor Severianin, Vadim Shershenevich, Vladimir Mayakovskiy, Velemyr Khlebnikov, Vasiliy Kamenskih, David Burliuk) ), Ukrainian (Mikhail Semenko, Geo Shkurupiy, Oleksa Slysarenko, Dmytro Buzko, Leonid Skrypnyk), and Polish (Bruno Jasensky, Stanislav Mladozhenets, Titus Chizhevsky, August Zamoisky, Stanislav Ignacy Vitkevich, Leon Khvistek, Anatol Stern) futurists. Constructivism developed in parallel to the “industrial age”: in Ukraine - Valerian Polishchuk, Leonid Chernov-Maloshenko, Raisa Troyanker, Mike Jogansen; in Poland - Vladislav Stzeminski, Katarzyna Kobro-Stzeminska, Meczyslaw Schuka, Jan Golus, Meczyslaw Schulz and others. Symptoms of the crisis of culture and disintegration of social communication are noticeable in surrealism, neo-romanticism, expressionism, existentialism, theater of the absurd and more. The First, and later the Second World Wars, questioned the belief in the identity of European cultures. Extremely rapid development of communication tools and communication media has opened the prospects for a dialogue of literatures. It is not about their unification, which is reduced to the functioning of the product on the market. Culture is a large polyphonic space. It can distinguish the “voices” of different cultural figures, whose significance does not depend on either age or nationality. The article emphasizes that the dialogue of literatures offers the exchange of cultural values between peoples, as well as the spiritual rapprochement of large and small cultural regions, which have their unique features. As Edward Kaspersky rightly points out, dialogue is not only a matter of humanitarian contacts of the great cultures, but also of the way in which an individual takes part in their spiritual world. The dialogue of literatures helps to organically borrow the best from the treasury of neighbors (i.e., recent editions in Poland of works by Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko, Lesya Ukrainka, Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky, Yuri Andrukhovych, Oksana Zabuzhko; editions in Ukraine of books by Stanislav Trembetsky, Lev Venglinskiy, Tomash Padura, Yaroslav Ivashkevich, Leopold Staff, Boleslaw Lesmian, and others - in the series “Library of Polish Literature”), prompts the reader to rethink “foreign” literature. Today, the principle of dialogue of literatures is a real opportunity to overcome the deep contradictions of the civilization crisis and to overcome the environmental catastrophe and the nuclear threat. The dialogue of literatures is able to preserve cultural differences in all their richness and diversity and to establish mutual understanding and cultural contacts between peoples.

Gender Identification via Voice Processing

Recognizing the sexual orientation of a person via speech has an assortment of utilizations going via speech investigation to customizing machine and human collaborations. Speech Recognition Technology can be installed in different continuous applications so as to expand the human-PC association. From apply autonomy to social insurance and aviation, from intelligent voice reaction frameworks to versatile communication and telematics, speech acknowledgment innovation have upgraded the human-machine connection. Sexual orientation acknowledgment is a critical part for the application implanting discourse acknowledgment as it lessens the computational intricacy for the further preparing in these applications. This paper involves extracting the constituent parts such as frequencies and interquartile ranges which are in light of a legitimate concern for distinguishing the speaker's sexual orientation with as meager discourse as could reasonably be expected.

A Linear Approach to Optimize an EMG-Driven Neuromusculoskeletal Model for Movement Intention Detection in Myo-Control: A Case Study on Shoulder and Elbow Joints.

The growing interest of the industry production in wearable robots for assistance and rehabilitation purposes opens the challenge for developing intuitive and natural control strategies. Myoelectric control, or myo-control, which consists in decoding the human motor intent from muscular activity and its mapping into control outputs, represents a natural way to establish an intimate human-machine connection. In this field, model based myo-control schemes (e.g., EMG-driven neuromusculoskeletal models, NMS) represent a valid solution for estimating the moments of the human joints. However, a model optimization is needed to adjust the model's parameters to a specific subject and most of the optimization approaches presented in literature consider complex NMS models that are unsuitable for being used in a control paradigm since they suffer from long-lasting setup and optimization phases. In this work we present a minimal NMS model for predicting the elbow and shoulder torques and we compare two optimization approaches: a linear optimization method (LO) and a non-linear method based on a genetic algorithm (GA). The LO optimizes only one parameter per muscle, whereas the GA-based approach performs a deep customization of the muscle model, adjusting 12 parameters per muscle. EMG and force data have been collected from 7 healthy subjects performing a set of exercises with an arm exoskeleton. Although both optimization methods substantially improved the performance of the raw model, the findings of the study suggest that the LO might be beneficial with respect to GA as the latter is much more computationally heavy and leads to minimal improvements with respect to the former. From the comparison between the two considered joints, it emerged also that the more accurate the NMS model is, the more effective a complex optimization procedure could be. Overall, the two optimized NMS models were able to predict the shoulder and elbow moments with a low error, thus demonstrating the potentiality for being used in an admittance-based myo-control scheme. Thanks to the low computational cost and to the short setup phase required for wearing and calibrating the system, obtained results are promising for being introduced in industrial or rehabilitation real time scenarios.

Automatic Facial Expression Detection System using Single Face Classifier

Several factors add to carrying emotions of a person. Posture, speech, facial expressions conduct and exercises are just some of them. Facial appearances are noteworthy in encouraging human correspondence and Associations. Facial appearances can be reflected not just as the most regular Procedure of displaying human feelings yet additionally as a significant to Non-verbal correspondence. Additionally, they are utilized as a noteworthy Device in social investigations and in medicine. In speaking with others, People can recognize feelings of included human with an impressive level of Precision. The issue of programming acknowledgment of outward appearances is yet an ebb and flow inquire about. This framework proposes a programmed outward Appearance appreciation framework, equipped for special the seven all-inclusive Feelings: disgust, anger, fear, satisfaction, trouble and amazement utilizing Profound convolution neural systems. It is intended to be a person independent. As there is a more prominent utilization of human-machine connections nowadays, it is likewise primary for machines to translate the facial ex-pressions and we Would have the capacity to accomplish exactness that is relatively practically Identical to the human mindfulness.

On Footwear and Disability: A Dance of Animacy?

In order to explore what an anthropological material culture approach to disability would comprise, we take Tim Ingold’s morphogenetic approach to life as continuously unfolding, a result of things engaged in a dance of animacy, and in processes of ‘making’ as our central point of departure. This approach allows for a continued understanding of disability’s constructed nature; however, this approach is one that has a material, and not a discursive, point of view. We will focus on footwear and explore its material and evolutionary history, and how it has been shaped throughout different historical periods and in different parts of the world. Our central understanding of a material approach to disability is one that concerns how body-objects, such as shoes, are to be remembered. Therefore, we start with research in an archive of human material culture, namely a collection of clothing and footwear, situated in North America. We will then focus on recent contemporary African and Asian engagement with prosthetic shoes for physically disabled people. These examples are then confronted with a well-known case from the Chinese cultural repertoire; namely, that of bound feet and lotus shoes. By examining many examples from across the globe, we intend to illustrate the many ways in which the body, shoes, and the ground, all correspond to each other in a dance of animacy. Disability is sometimes an instigator, and, in many cases, either a mediator or an accelerator, within this correspondence. Materially, the making and use of footwear is a central component to one being classified as a synaesthetic sentient being in the world. Shoes for disabled people are designed with the feet in mind, and their construction is a more labor-intense process than it would be for those who have lesser degrees of disability. It appears that disability is not a matter of either/or, but is instead a matter of degrees of vulnerability. The bodily function of walking, as well as shoes themselves, are articulated in space and time. Theoretically, we ask whether disability might also advance our understanding of humans beyond thinking in terms of normative standards and of the modern, given that the areas examined here involve processes of making, correspondence, and ultimately life itself. We claim that the human is to be found in the dance of animacy, shoes–feet–ground, and that disability is felt and articulated in materiality. We also claim that the posthuman, as observed in the human–machine connection, may have always existed after all. Finally, we will explain how the human and the modern can be found in the materially-made nature of disability, and we suggest that it might be better to orient future research from a transmodern perspective that contextualizes disability in multiple ways in which one might be considered to be modern.

The Electric Sheep Nightmare. J. G. Ballard and the Perverse Use of Technology

The aim of this paper is to investigate the role played by “machines” and technological innovation within James Graham Ballard’s literary production.Since his debut as a novelist, Ballard devoted particular attention towards the human-machine connection, under the charm of both its immediate impact on the human psyche and the forms of representation in literature indirectly influenced by the human psyche itself. For these reasons, and in his attempt to escape from the traditional science fiction rules, in the mid-Sixties he suggested the notion of inner space: a new and innovative life, useful in the process of restoring the relation among the Self, the urban space, and the new forms of domination created by the post-modern world.The analysis will be carried out in a historical perspective, highlighting the subsequent stages of such an extreme redefinition of the new ways of representing subjectivity. The present study will be inspired by the crucial period of transition of the Sixties, after which Ballard definitively abandoned the initial post-apocalyptic settings he had favored at the beginning of his career. He started placing his characters within suburban scenarios – far from those foreign worlds, explored by the numerous followers of Isaac Asimov over glorious Space Age years.The second section of the study will focus on the way in which this shift mirrors Ballard’s intention to turn the science fiction novel into an anthropological reflection projected on the present time. Starting from the examples in Crash (1973) and Super-Cannes (2001), two features will be taken into consideration: on the one hand, the expanding gap between the categories of technique and morals; on the other hand, the dangerous ideological deviations to which such a gradual split may lead to.Linking these two aspects, the study will attempt to show how the never-ending debate on technological innovation led Ballard not only to an adjustment of science fiction motives and traditional topics, but also, more generally, to a reinterpretation of both the limits and cognitive possibilities of the genre.

Neural Interfacing: Forging the Human-Machine Connection

AbstractIn the past 50 years there has been an explosion of interest in the development of technologies whose end goal is to connect the human brain and/or nervous system directly to computers. Once the subject of science fiction, the technologies necessary to accomplish this goal are rapidly becoming reality. In laboratories around the globe, research is being undertaken to restore function to the physically disabled, to replace areas of the brain damaged by disease or trauma and to augment human abilities. Building neural interfaces and neuro-prosthetics relies on a diverse array of disciplines such as neuroscience, engineering, medicine and microfabrication just to name a few. This book presents a short history of neural interfacing (N.I.) research and introduces the reader to some of the current efforts to develop neural prostheses. The book is intended as an introduction for the college freshman or others wishing to learn more about the field. A resource guide is included for students along with a li...

Web mining technology and academic librarianship: Human-machine connections for the twenty-first century

John Naisbitt predicted in his book Megatrends (1980) that high technology would bring the need for "high human touch." This prediction is reflected in today's information-intense world. Due to the rapid development of technology, the library profession faces an uncertain future. Library professionals must use insight to identify technology's potential to benefit the academic library's role in the twenty-first century. This paper focuses on the human-machine connection between academic librarians and Web mining technology with respect to electronic reference service. The connection is featured in processes of: (a) identifying problems of electronic reference service; (b) selecting a technology to solve the problem; and, (c) envisioning the potential of the selected technology for librarianship. Scenarios address pertinent questions, including: (a) What role should librarians play to facilitate implementation of a technology? and, (b) What opportunities do technology offer to the profession in return?

The Human-Machine Connection Selections from the Third Annual NCGA Conference

The Human-Machine Connection Selections from the Third Annual NCGA Conference