Human Liver Cancer Cells HepG2 Research Articles

5149 In-vitro Combo Treatment of Human Liver Cancer cell (Hep-G2) Line with Vitamin-A and RU-486

Abstract Disclosure: P. Ramaraj: None. Our previous in-vitro studies involving vitamins (vitamin-A and vitamin-D3) and steroids (progesterone and RU-486) pointed to a combination of vitamin-A and RU-486 as an efficient combo to decrease human melanoma cell growth. We extended this combo treatment to human liver cancer cell (Hep-G2) line. The aim was to check whether vit-A and RU-486 combo would also decrease human liver cancer cell line growth. Liver cancer (Hep-G2) cells were plated in a 96 well plate overnight. Following day, vit-A and RU-486 were added either alone or in different combinations for 48 hrs. After 48 hrs, cell viability and percentage of cell growth were monitored by the MTT assay. Supernatants were collected for Elisarray and quantitation of cytokine(s) by Elisa. Individual vit-A and RU-486 treatments showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell growth. Though various combinations of vit-A (50, 75, 100 μM) and RU-486 (10, 50 100 μM) also showed a decrease in cell growth, an experimentally significant decrease in cell growth was observed at vit-A 75 μM and RU-486 50 μM combination. This combo resulted in 24% cell growth compared to straight vit-A (75 μM) at 44% cell growth and RU-486 (50 μM) at 35% cell growth. Thus, this combo inhibited liver cancer cell growth also. In the future effect of this combo on normal liver cell line and the cytokine(s) if any, playing a central role in cell growth would be identified by Elisarray and quantitated by Elisa. Presentation: 6/3/2024

5149 In-Vitro Combo Treatment of Human Liver Cancer Cell (Hep-G2) Line With Vitamin-A And RU-486

Abstract Disclosure: P. Ramaraj: None. Our previous in-vitro studies involving vitamins (vitamin-A and vitamin-D3) and steroids (progesterone and RU-486) pointed to a combination of vitamin-A and RU-486 as an efficient combo to decrease human melanoma cell growth. We extended this combo treatment to human liver cancer cell (Hep-G2) line. The aim was to check whether vit-A and RU-486 combo would also decrease human liver cancer cell line growth. Liver cancer (Hep-G2) cells were plated in a 96 well plate overnight. Following day, vit-A and RU-486 were added either alone or in different combinations for 48 hrs. After 48 hrs, cell viability and percentage of cell growth were monitored by the MTT assay. Supernatants were collected for Elisarray and quantitation of cytokine(s) by Elisa. Individual vit-A and RU-486 treatments showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell growth. Though various combinations of vit-A (50, 75, 100 μM) and RU-486 (10, 50 100 μM) also showed a decrease in cell growth, an experimentally significant decrease in cell growth was observed at vit-A 75 μM and RU-486 50 μM combination. This combo resulted in 24% cell growth compared to straight vit-A (75 μM) at 44% cell growth and RU-486 (50 μM) at 35% cell growth. Thus, this combo inhibited liver cancer cell growth also. In the future effect of this combo on normal liver cell line and the cytokine(s) if any, playing a central role in cell growth would be identified by Elisarray and quantitated by Elisa. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Screening of Nano‐Palladium (II) and Platinum (II)‐Based Compounds With DFT and Molecular Docking Study

ABSTRACTWithin the current challenges in medicinal chemistry, the creation of novel and improved therapeutic agents stands out. 2‐Cyano‐3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐enethioamide (CTPTA) ligand was complexed with palladium (II) and platinum (II) ions within the nanoscale with the molecular formula [M (CTPTA)Cl2]. H2O. The CTPTA ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis spectra, FTIR, mass spectra, TGA, magnetic measurement, and the molar conductance technique. Analysis with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the nanostructure dimension of both complexes is predominantly between 10 and 30 nm. The CTPTA ligand functions as a bidentate ligand, utilizing thione sulfur, and cyanide nitrogen atoms. Density functional theory was employed to analyze the geometric structure properties of the CTPTA ligand and its complexes. Natural population (NPA) and Mulliken population (MPA) methods were used to calculate the charge distribution. The cytotoxic impact results of all compounds on human liver cancer (HepG2) cell line were satisfactory. The ligand and its complexes were also tested against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria in vitro. The findings of the molecular docking study supported the cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammation activities of synthesized palladium (II) and platinum (II) complexes had a great spectrum of activity. The preclinical pharmacokinetic studies on albino rats revealed that the newly studied complexes achieved excellent antitumor results. This was clear in the investigated parameters, especially the amelioration of AFP levels, liver weight, oxidative stress, and lobular hepatic architecture injury.

Synthesis of UiO-67 Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) and their Application as Antibacterial and Anticancer Materials

This study involved the synthesis of the UiO-67 metal-organic framework; UiO-67 is a well-known type of MOF obtained by coordinating the Zr6O4(OH)4 metal unit with the 4,42-biphenyldicarboxylate organic linker, using the hydrothermal technique. The novelty of the current work is to synthesize UiO-67 MOFs, and their application as biological agents for antibacterial and cancer cells. Subsequently, the composite material UiO-67 was subjected to a comprehensive characterization process involving Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) and surface area analysis, and the results showed the successful synthesis of the UiO-67 MOFs, with a high specific surface area of 1415 m2/g. The­­­ synthesized UiO-67 for its antibacterial properties tested against five pathogenic bacterial strains, which include three gram-positive and methicillin-resistant pairs including MRSA, S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, and Two gram-negative bacteria E. colli and S. typhimurium using the agar well diffusion method. These findings have shown enhanced, strong antibacterial activity against all the five used gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Furthermore, the anticancer efficacy of UiO-67 was evaluated on two distinct types of cancer cells: We are using MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) and HepG2 (human liver cancer cells). The experiments prove that UiO-67 has the potential of cytotoxicity against both Glioblastoma and H460 cancer lines with the ability to inhibit apoptosis at the same time.

Chrysophanol Induces Cell Death and Inhibits Invasiveness through Alteration of Calcium Levels in HepG2 Human Liver Cancer Cells.

To investigate the effect of chrysophanol, a phytochemical derived from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei on HepG2 liver cancer cells. HepG2 cell line was treated with different concentrations chrysophanol (0-100 μmol/L) for 24 h. The cell counting kit 8 assay was employed to assess cell viability. Intracellular calcium levels were examined using Fluo-4 AM and Mag-fluo-4 AM staining, followed by flow cytometry analysis. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured with JC-1 assay kit. Additionally, the expressions of key proteins such as p-JNK, Bax, cytochrome c (Cyt C), cleaved caspase-3 (cCaspase-3), and caspase-8 were analyzed by Western blot. The inhibitory effects of chrysophanol on the invasion of cells were determined using a Transwell assay. Analysis of invasiveness was conducted by wound healing assay. Chrysophanol significantly reduced the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer cells by affecting intracellular calcium distribution, diminishing mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhancing the expressions of p-JNK, Bax, Cyt C, cCaspase-3, and caspase-8 in the groups treated with 75 or 100 μmol/L chrysophanol compared to the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, 75 and 100 μmol/L chrysophanol exhibited inhibitory effects on cell migration and wound healing. Chrysophanol demonstrates potential against HepG2 liver cancer cells, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic agent for liver cancer treatment.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of organophosphorus flame retardants using electrochemical biosensors and elucidation of associated toxic mechanisms

In recent years, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) have been widely used as substitutes for brominated flame retardants with excellent properties, and their initial toxicological effects on the water ecosystem and human health have gradually emerged. However, to date, research on the cytotoxicity and health risks of OPFRs is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to systematically explore the cytotoxic effects and toxic mechanisms of OPFRs on cells. Human liver cancer (HepG2) cells were adopted as an ideal model for toxicity evaluation due to their rapid growth and metabolism. This study proposes a sensitive electrochemical cell–based sensor constructed on a graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotube/ionic liquid/gold nanoparticle-modified electrode. The sensor was used to detect the cytotoxicity of tri(2-butylxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tributyl phosphate (TnBP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tri(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tri(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) in the liquid medium, providing insight into their toxicity in water environments. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TBEP, TnBP, TPhP, TDCIPP, TCPP and TCEP on HepG2 cells were 179.4, 194.9, 219.8, 339.4, 511.8 and 859.0 μM, respectively. Additionally, the cytotoxic mechanism of six OPFRs was discussed from the perspective of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and four indexes were correlated with toxicity. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was conducted, followed by a thorough analysis of the obtained sequencing results. This analysis demonstrated a significant enrichment of the p53 and PPAR pathways, both of which are closely associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study presents a simplified and efficient technique for conducting in vitro toxicity studies on organophosphorus flame retardants in a water environment. Moreover, it establishes a scientific foundation for further investigation into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity associated with these compounds.

Structural characterization and anticancer studies of copper(II) and cobalt(III) complexes containing N,O-donor heterocyclic chelators

New Cu(II) and Co(III) complexes were synthesized from reaction of 3-((E)-1-(((E)-4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazono)ethyl)-8-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one (HL) with Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and Co(NO3)2·6H2O in methanol. The synthesized compounds were characterized by various analytical and spectral (IR, UV-Vis, NMR, EPR, ESI-MS and HR-MS) techniques. From the spectral studies, we concluded that the formation of the ligand and complexes. In the copper complex with formula of [Cu2(L)(NO3)3(H2O)], HL coordinated to copper ion via azomethine nitrogen, lactone oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and oxalate oxygen atoms. In cobalt complex, the ligand coordinated to cobalt ion via ring carbonyl oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, oxalate oxygen and azomethine nitrogen, and the complex is of ML2 type with the general formula [CoL2]·2NO3. The cytotoxic nature of the compounds was analyzed with human liver cancer cells (HepG2) and human breast cancer cells (MM2), in which the complexes exhibited a comparable activity than the positive control cisplatin. The IC50 values of the compounds were greater than 200 μM for non-cancerous human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells, indicating selectivity of the compounds towards cancer cells rather than normal cells. The apoptogenic natures of the complexes with HepG2 and MM2 cancer cells were confirmed using AO-EB and DAPI staining assays. These results revealed the possibility of developing highly active cobalt and copper complexes as anticancer agents.

Enhanced Stability of α-Mangostin-Rich Extract and Selective Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cells via Encapsulation in Antioxidant Nanoparticles (AME@NanoAOX).

α-Mangostin-rich extract (AME) shows promise as a functional ingredient for cancer chemotherapy. Here, we encapsulated AME in our originally designed antioxidant nanoparticles (NanoAOX) to increase its solubility and prevent oxidative degradation (AME@NanoAOX). In this study, two types of self-assembled polymers containing nitroxide radicals were engineered. These polymers were self-assembled into nanoscale particles in aqueous media, entrapping AME (abbreviated as AME@NanoAOX(B) and AME@NanoAOX(G)). These formulations considerably improved the stability of AME against oxidative degradation and exhibited different release profiles of α-mangostin under different pH conditions. Furthermore, AME-encapsulated nanoparticles exhibited potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines, including human breast cancer (MCF-7), human lung cancer (A549), human colon cancer (Caco-2), human cervical cancer (HeLa), and human liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines, with minimal cytotoxicity in normal human mammary epithelial cells (hTERT-HME1), thus providing a high selectivity index (SI). These results indicated the promising feature of AME-encapsulated antioxidant nanoparticles (AME@NanoAOX) for cancer chemotherapy.

Effect of vorinostat on protein expression in vitro and in vivo following mRNA lipoplex administration.

Previously, we demonstrated that cationic liposomes comprised of N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium bromide, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and poly(ethylene glycol) cholesteryl ether induced substantial protein expression both in vitro and in vivo following the administration of mRNA/cationic liposome complexes (mRNA lipoplexes). The present study evaluated the effect of vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on protein expression levels in vitro and in vivo following the administration of mRNA lipoplexes. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of vorinostat for human cervical carcinoma HeLa and human liver cancer HepG2 cells were determined to be 7.8 and 2.6 µM, respectively, following a 24 h incubation period. Treatment with 1 µM vorinostat resulted in a 2.7-fold increase in luciferase (Luc) activity for HeLa cells and a 1.6-fold increase for HepG2 cells at 24 h post-transfection with firefly Luc (FLuc) mRNA lipoplexes compared with untreated cells. However, treatment with 10 µM vorinostat decreased Luc activity compared with treatment with 1 µM vorinostat. Intravenous injection of Cy5-labeled mRNA lipoplexes into mice resulted in mRNA accumulation primarily in the lungs; however, co-injection with vorinostat at doses of 5 or 25 mg/kg resulted in mRNA accumulation in both the lungs and liver. Furthermore, intravenous injection of FLuc mRNA lipoplexes resulted in high Luc activity in both the lungs and spleen. Nevertheless, co-injection with vorinostat slightly decreased Luc activity in the lungs but not in the spleen. These findings indicated that vorinostat enhances in vitro protein expression from transfected mRNA after treatment with a lower concentration of IC50; however, it does not largely affect in vivo protein expression from the transfected mRNA.

Determination of Cell Viability, Apoptotic and Necrotic Activities of Boswellia serrata Extract in Liver Cancer (HepG2) and Breast Cancer (MCF7) Cell Lines

Cancer is a very important disease that has existed for a very long time in the history of humanity and poses a great threat to humanity today. Today, cancer remains a global health problem. The scientific world has introduced many innovative treatment approaches, but due to the complexity of cancer cells and their resistance to treatment, significant progress has been made in the fight against cancer, but a definitive cure has not yet been found. Boswellia serrata has been used in many parts of the world for a variety of ailments from ancient times to the present day, comes from the Burseraceae family and is commonly known as white gum. B. serrata is a resin tree with very small and few leaves, as it is a plant species that grows as a small tree or shrub 4-6 meters high in the desert. In this study, B.serrata resin was obtained commercially in Gaziantep province and obtained by extraction in methanol and hexane solvents. The cytotoxic activity of B. serrata resin extract was determined by MTT Assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Apoptotic/necrotic activity was determined by double staining (Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide). Human breast cancer (MCF7) and human liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines were used in these experiments.

Hypoxia-activated prodrug combining site-specific chemotherapy and light-driven photothermal therapy

The development of a highly effective and low toxic drug is very beneficial for precise cancer therapy. Herein, taking advantage of the hypoxic nature of tumors, we carefully designed and synthesized the first hypoxia-activated single-molecule prodrug BDP-CPT-NO2 for fluorescence imaging-guided chemo-photothermal dual-mode therapy. The prodrug contains the chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin (CPT) and a boron dipyrromethene (BDP)-based photothermal agent, which are connected through a nitroreductase (NTR)-responsive linker (a nitro unit), and shows no fluorescence and extremely low cytotoxicity under normoxia. However, the nitro in the prodrug could be reduced to amino by exogenous NTR with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in PBS buffer solution and endogenous NTR in hypoxic cancer cells, which is followed by a self-immolative reaction that leads to the release of CPT and BDP-COOH. This process is accompanied by significantly enhanced BDP and CPT fluorescence, which are due to NTR-induced ester-to-carboxylate conversion and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) interruption, respectively. Concomitantly, BDP-CPT-NO2 displays powerful combined chemo-PTT therapeutic efficacy, as evidenced in human cervical cancer HeLa and human liver cancer HepG2 cells, as well as in mice bearing H22 tumors. This study provides a promising strategy for effective and selective cancer treatment by hypoxia-activated prodrugs caged within organic photothermal agents.

Anti-Cancer Effect of Cephalexin Loaded on Nano chitosan Against Humane Liver Cancer

A beta-lactam antibiotic, such as cephalexin, is frequently prescribed to treat bacterial infections. In a particular investigation, cephalexin's effectiveness was assessed when it was administered ex vivo, or outside of a living organism, to the HepG2 human liver cancer cell line subsequent to its loading onto Nano chitosan. The purpose of the study was to determine how useful cephalexin would be in this situation. Positive study results showed that the drug worked well in this particular application. The ability of cephalexin to activate p53, a protein that is essential for starting the process of programmed cell death in liver cancer cells, was discovered. This shows that cephalexin, especially in combination with Nano chitosan, may be useful in the treatment of liver cancer. Overall, the study showed that cephalexin has the ability to target liver cancer cells and activate pathways that may result in their demise. Nevertheless, more investigation and clinical testing would be required to properly evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using cephalexin in this situation.

Facile engineering of aptamer-coupled silk fibroin encapsulated myogenic gold nanocomposites: investigation of antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induction.

Nanocomposites selectively induce cancer cell death, holding potential for precise liver cancer treatment breakthroughs. This study assessed the cytotoxicity of gold nanocomposites (Au NCs) enclosed within silk fibroin (SF), aptamer (Ap), and the myogenic Talaromyces purpureogenus (TP) against a human liver cancer cell (HepG2). The ultimate product, Ap-SF-TP@Au NCs, results from a three-step process. This process involves the myogenic synthesis of TP@Au NCs derived from TP mycelial extract, encapsulation of SF on TP@Au NCs (SF-TP@Au NCs), and the conjugation of Ap within SF-TP@Au NCs. The synthesized NCs are analyzed by various characteristic techniques. Ap-SF-TP@Au NCs induced potential cell death in HepG2 cells but exhibited no cytotoxicity in non-cancerous cells (NIH3T3). The morphological changes in cells were examined through various biochemical staining methods. Thus, Ap-SF-TP@Au NCs emerge as a promising nanocomposite for treating diverse cancer cells.

Pleonotoquinones, Cytotoxic Oxepinenaphthoquinones from Pleonotoma jasminifolia.

Two unusual naphthoquinones, named here as pleonotoquinones A (1) and B (2), were isolated along with two known anthraquinones (3 and 4) via chromatographic separations of an ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Pleonotoma jasminifolia. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of quinones bearing a 2-methyloxepine moiety. The compounds were isolated with the aid of mass spectrometry and molecular networking, and their structures were resolved using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines, and compounds 1 and 2 displayed cytotoxicity against human colon cancer HCT116 cells (IC50 = 2.6 μM for compound 1 and IC50 = 4.3 μM for compound 2) and human liver cancer HepG2 cells (IC50 = 1.9 μM for compound 1 and IC50 = 6.4 μM for compound 2).

Apigenin Suppresses MED28-Mediated Cell Growth in Human Liver Cancer Cells.

Flavonoids exhibit health-promoting benefits against multiple chronic diseases, including cancer. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), one flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables, is potentially applicable to chemoprevention. Despite considerable progress in the therapeutic regimen of liver cancer, its prognosis remains poor. MED28, a Mediator subunit for transcriptional activation, is implicated in the development of several types of malignancy; however, its role in liver cancer is unknown at present. In liver cancer, the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one major pathway involved in the oncogenic process. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of apigenin and MED28 in AKT/mTOR signaling in liver cancer. We first identified a connectivity score of 92.77 between apigenin treatment and MED28 knockdown in several cancer cell lines using CLUE, a cloud-based software platform to assess connectivity among compounds and genetic perturbagens. Higher expression of MED28 predicted a poorer survival prognosis; MED28 expression in liver cancer tissue was significantly higher than that of normal tissue, and it was positively correlated with tumor stage and grade in The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Cancer (TCGA-LIHC) data set. Knockdown of MED28 induced cell cycle arrest and suppressed the AKT/mTOR signaling in two human liver cancer cell lines, HepG2 and Huh 7, accompanied by less lipid accumulation and lower expression and nuclear localization of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Apigenin inhibited the expression of MED28, and the effect of apigenin mimicked that of the MED28 knockdown. On the other hand, the AKT/mTOR signaling was upregulated when MED28 was overexpressed. These data indicated that MED28 was associated with the survival prognosis and the progression of liver cancer by regulating AKT/mTOR signaling and apigenin appeared to inhibit cell growth through MED28-mediated mTOR signaling, which may be applicable as an adjuvant of chemotherapy or chemoprevention in liver cancer.

Cryoablation with KCl Solution Enhances Necrosis and Apoptosis of HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells.

Cryoablation has become a valuable treatment modality for the management of liver cancer. However, one of the major challenges in cryosurgery is the incomplete cryodestruction near the edge of the iceball. This issue can be addressed by optimizing cryoablation parameters and administering thermotropic drugs prior to the procedure. These drugs help enhance tumor response, thereby strengthening the destruction of the incomplete frozen zone in liver cance. In the present study, the feasibility and effectiveness of a thermophysical agent, KCl solution, were investigated to enhance the cryodestruction of HepG2 human liver cancer cells. All cryoablation parameters were simultaneously optimized in order to significantly improve the effect of cryoablation, resulting in an increase in the lethal temperature from - 25°C to - 17°C. Subsequently, it was found that the application of KCl solution prior to freezing significantly decreased cell viability post-thaw compared to cryoablation treatment alone. This effect was attributed to the eutectic effect of KCl solution. Importantly, it was found that the combination of KCl solution and freezing was less effective when applied to LO2 human liver normal cells. The data revealed that the ratio of mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and bax decreased significantly more in HepG2 cells than in LO2 cells when cryoablation was used with KCl solution. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of KCl solution in promoting cryoablation and describe a novel therapeutic model for the treatment of liver cancer that may distinguish between cancer and normal cells.

Recovery of Cembratrien-Diols from Waste Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Flowers by Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction: Optimization, Separation, and In Vitro Bioactivity.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are novel solvents with physicochemical properties similar to those of ionic liquids, and they have attracted extensive attention for the extraction of bioactive compounds from different plant materials in the context of green chemistry and sustainable development. In this study, seven DESs with different polarities were explored as green extraction solvents for cembratrien-diols (CBT-diols) from waste tobacco flowers. The best solvent, DES-3 (choline chloride: lactic acid (1:3)), which outperformed conventional solvents (methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate), was selected and further optimized for microwave-assisted DES extraction using the response surface methodology. The maximum yield of CBT-diols (6.23 ± 0.15 mg/g) was achieved using a microwave power of 425 W, microwave time of 32 min, solid/liquid ratio of 20 mg/mL, and microwave temperature of 40 °C. Additionally, the isolated CBT-diols exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antitumor activity in the human liver cancer HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines. This study highlights the feasibility of recovering CBT-diols from tobacco flower waste using DESs and provides opportunities for potential waste management using green technologies.

Isolation and characterization of dihydrohomoisoflavonoids from Portulaca oleracea L.

Eight pairs of dihydrohomoisoflavonoids (1−8), including four pairs of enantiomeric aglycones [(R,S)-portulacanones B (1) and C (2) and (R,S)-oleracones C (3) and Q (4)] and four pairs of epimeric glycosides [portulacasides A−D and epiportulacasides A−D (5−8)], were obtained from Portulaca oleracea L. Among them, (R,S)-oleracone Q (4) and four pairs of epimeric glycosides (5−8) were reported for the first time. The 50% EtOH fraction from the 70% EtOH extract prevented HepG2 human liver cancer cell damage induced by N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), and the cell survival rate was 62.3%. Portulacaside B (6a), which was isolated from the 50% EtOH fraction, exhibited hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. The compound increased the survival rate of APAP-damaged HepG2 human liver cancer cells from 40.0% to 51.2% and reduced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, resulting in an inhibitory rate of 46.8%.

Abstract 1456: First successful engraftment of human liver cancer cell line in highly robust immunocompromised porcine model to test the tumor ablation efficacy by histotripsy

Abstract Liver tumor, commonly called Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), is the most common type of primary liver malignancy. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Late diagnosis, location of the tumor, tumor burden, and metastases makes liver tumor very challenging to treat by liver transplantation, surgical procedures, and other ablation techniques like cryoablation and thermal ablation. Also, the absence of a preclinical animal model makes it challenging to develop and explore the feasibility of treatment modalities. Histotripsy is a non-invasive, non-ionizing, non-thermal, image-guided focused ultrasound ablation treatment method that uses high-pressure pulses to create acoustic cavitation, a “bubble cloud,” at the target. The bubble cloud expands and collapses, which ablates the tissue into an acellular homogenate. Pigs are ideal animal models as they closely resemble human anatomy and are significant in improving the translation to human patients. This study aimed to establish the feasibility of successfully ablating liver tumors by histotripsy using an immunocompromised porcine model to generate HepG2 human liver cancer cell line tumors in the liver of the immunocompromised pigs. The orthotopic porcine model was established using RAG2/IL2RG double knockout immunocompromised pigs. HepG2 cells were injected orthotopically into the liver of immunocompromised pigs. Three weeks after the injections, CT images and necropsy indicated successful engraftment and growth of liver tumors in the pigs. The ultrasound images and post-histotripsy treatment histology images showed confirmed ablation zones in the liver. Therefore, in conclusion, our preliminary results in the study could demonstrate, for the first time, a highly robust model of human liver cancer in a large animal model. Soon, we plan to conduct more such studies and explore all the possible utilities of these immunocompromised porcine models to develop therapeutic strategies to increase the efficacy of liver tumor ablation by histotripsy. Citation Format: Tamalika Paul, Khan M. Imran, Jessica Gannon, Brie Trusiano, Kristin Eden, Hannah Ivester, Madeline Mott, Manali Powar, Michael Edwards, Christopher Byron, Sherrie Clark-Deener, Kiho Lee, Eli Vlaisavljevich, Irving Coy Allen. First successful engraftment of human liver cancer cell line in highly robust immunocompromised porcine model to test the tumor ablation efficacy by histotripsy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1456.

Novel chiral matrine derivatives as potential antitumor agents: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation

Since the thalidomide incident, research on chiral drugs has escalated immensely. Differences in drug configuration can lead to significant variations in therapeutic efficacy. Matrine, a natural product esteemed for its low toxicity and high water solubility, has garnered significant attention in research endeavors. Nonetheless, its precise target has proven elusive. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel chiral matrine derivative. Their cytotoxicity against three types of tumor cells was assessed. Comparing the newly synthesized derivatives to the parent matrine, most compounds exhibited significantly enhanced inhibitory effects on cancer cells. Among them, Q12 exhibited the highest activity, with IC50 values of 8.31 μM against rat glioma cells C6, 6.3 μM against human liver cancer cells HepG2 and 7.14 μM against human gastric cancer cells HGC-27, meanwhile showing low toxicity. Based on IC50 values, we constructed a preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR). Compound Q12 significantly suppressed the cloning and migration of HepG2 cells. Further mechanistic studies indicated that Q12 inhibited Topo I in HepG2 cells, leading to DNA damage, induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and ultimately causing apoptosis. The molecular docking experiments provided a rational binding mode of Q12 with the Topo I-DNA complex. In vivo, experiments demonstrated that Q12 exhibited a higher tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) compared to the positive control drug Lenvatinib, while maintaining good safety. In summary, it suggests that Topo I might be a potential target for matrine and Q12 represents a promising candidate for cancer treatment.