Human Interface Device Research Articles

Wearable, Ultrawide-Range, and Bending-Insensitive Pressure Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotube Network-Coated Porous Elastomer Sponges for Human Interface and Healthcare Devices.

Flexible and wearable pressure sensors have attracted a tremendous amount of attention due to their wider applications in human interfaces and healthcare monitoring. However, achieving accurate pressure detection and stability against external stimuli (in particular, bending deformation) over a wide range of pressures from tactile to body weight levels is a great challenge. Here, we introduce an ultrawide-range, bending-insensitive, and flexible pressure sensor based on a carbon nanotube (CNT) network-coated thin porous elastomer sponge for use in human interface devices. The integration of the CNT networks into three-dimensional microporous elastomers provides high deformability and a large change in contact between the conductive CNT networks due to the presence of micropores, thereby improving the sensitivity compared with that obtained using CNT-embedded solid elastomers. As electrical pathways are continuously generated up to high compressive strain (∼80%), the pressure sensor shows an ultrawide pressure sensing range (10 Pa to 1.2 MPa) while maintaining favorable sensitivity (0.01-0.02 kPa-1) and linearity ( R2 ∼ 0.98). Also, the pressure sensor exhibits excellent electromechanical stability and insensitivity to bending-induced deformations. Finally, we demonstrate that the pressure sensor can be applied in a flexible piano pad as an entertainment human interface device and a flexible foot insole as a wearable healthcare and gait monitoring device.

Microcontroller based data acquisition system using error reduction technique

The application of high-speed real-time data acquisition is becoming increasingly wide spread in industrial field, and its measurement accuracy is also increasing. In the present study, the development of a USB based data acquisition system is presented here, where a microcontroller based standalone embedded system is used as data collection and also field control device. The data acquisition system has been calibrated in terms of output voltage generated in signal conditioner. The USB device system also calibrated for the error in the output result. Here USB device has been programmed as Human Interface Device (HID) class, hence not requiring any kind of device specific driver. This data acquisition system is utilized to measure the flow of a channel. The flow of water is not acidic.Keywords: USB, microcontroller, PIC, acquisition, data acquisition, programmer, digital

A Multifunctional Wearable Device with a Graphene/Silver Nanowire Nanocomposite for Highly Sensitive Strain Sensing and Drug Delivery

Advances in wearable, highly sensitive and multifunctional strain sensors open up new opportunities for the development of wearable human interface devices for various applications such as health monitoring, smart robotics and wearable therapy. Herein, we present a simple and cost-effective method to fabricate a multifunctional strain sensor consisting of a skin-mountable dry adhesive substrate, a robust sensing component and a transdermal drug delivery system. The sensor has high piezoresisitivity to monitor real-time signals from finger bending to ulnar pulse. A transdermal drug delivery system consisting of polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles and a chitosan matrix is integrated into the sensor and is able to release the nanoparticles into the stratum corneum at a depth of ~60 µm. Our approach to the design of multifunctional strain sensors will lead to the development of cost-effective and well-integrated multifunctional wearable devices.

Creencias de profesores en formación sobre el uso de Pizarras interactivas de bajo costo

Esta investigación utiliza el instrumento cualitativo de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB) para obtener las creencias hacia la implementación pedagógica de un dispositivo de interfaz humana similar a las pizarras digitales interactivas. El instrumento se aplicó a estudiantes de pedagogía que participaron de un curso sobre el uso técnico y pedagógico de pizarras digitales. El conjunto de respuestas se sometió a un análisis de contenido generando categorías de creencias en el ámbito de los factores personales, contextuales y de control, que estarían mediando en su implementación. Posteriormente, se utilizaron criterios cuantitativos para seleccionar aquellas creencias que formarán parte del instrumento metodológico principal de TPB. En total dieciséis creencias fueron seleccionadas según un criterio que contempla tanto la cobertura de sujetos como de cantidad de creencias y que finalmente conforman el conjunto modal. Estas creencias son utilizadas para diseñar una estructura de capacitación dirigida a docentes en formación

Octagonal-shaped wideband MIMO antenna for human interface device and S-band application

AbstractA four-element wide-band octagonal ring-shaped antenna is proposed for human interface device and S-band applications. The isolation structure comprises a parasitic element and a T-shaped structure. The antenna has −10 dB impedance bandwidth 63% (2.1–4.0 GHz) with miniaturized dimension of 54.98 mm × 76 mm. The multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna gain is 2.83 dBi at the 2.4 GHz resonant frequency. The designed MIMO has envelop correlation coefficient of 0.026 in the 2:1 VSWR band. The −10 dB total active reflection coefficient bandwidth of 1.2 GHz has been achieved in the entire frequency band, and has MEG value of ≤−3 dB. The specific absorption rate has found below the safety limit near the human head, palm and wrist.

Low-Cost Graphite on Paper Pressure Sensor for a Robot Gripper with a Trivial Fabrication Process.

A flexible pressure sensor with a rudimentary, ultra-low cost, and solvent-free fabrication process is presented in this paper. The sensor has a graphite-on-paper stacked paper structure, which deforms and restores its shape when pressure is applied and released, showing an exceptionally fast response and relaxation time of ≈0.4 ms with a sensitivity of −5%/Pa. Repeatability of the sensor over 1000 cycles indicates an excellent long-term stability. The sensor demonstrated fast and reliable human touch interface, and successfully integrated into a robot gripper to detect grasping forces, showing high promise for use in robotics, human interface, and touch devices.

Hybrid Laminate for Haptic Input Device with Integrated Signal Processing

Achieving lightweight construction through only material substitution does not realize the full potential of producing a lightweight material, hence, it is no longer sufficient. Weight-saving goals are best achieved through additional function integration. In order to implement this premise for mass production, a manufacturing process for joining and forming hybrid laminates using a new tool concept is presented. All materials used are widely producible and processable. The manufactured cover of an automotive center console serves to demonstrate a human interface device with impact detection and action execution. This is only possible through a machine learning system, which is implemented on a small—and thus space- and energy-saving—embedded system. The measurement results confirm the objective and show that localization was sufficiently accurate.

FORENSIK KOMPUTER HUMAN INTERFACE DEVICE BADUSB BERBASIS MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA32U4 ARDUINO LEONARDO PADA REGISTRY SISTEM OPERASI MICROSOFT WINDOWS 7

One attack mode on information security is to use a BadUSB device that is connected to the target computer, using this technique various information such as memory dump activities to get the password and embed the reverse shell can be done in a matter of seconds on Microsoft Windows 7 operating system. This paper is an introduction to how computer forensic investigations can be carried out on computers to bring cyber criminals to court. Although the computer forensic technique discussed in this paper looks simple, but in fact this activity requires the precision and patience of the investigator. Keywords : Human Interface Device, BadUSB, ATMEGA32U4, and Registry.

Development of Human Interface Devices for Psychological Research

Development of Human Interface Devices for Psychological Research

Assistive Pointing Device Based on a Head-Mounted Camera

This paper introduces and validates the performance of an alternative input device for people with limited hand/arm movement and control. A summary is provided of the current state of the art in alternative input devices. Based on this, a low-cost solution is proposed that allows for 1) low latency and high operating speed and accuracy, 2) use from different viewing angles without recalibration, and 3) the ability to seamlessly control multiple devices. A prototype of this system was built and tested to determine the accuracy of the system (using a pan–tilt system), and to analyze the performance of the system compared to the state of the art (through user tests, based on the ISO 9241–411 test). The proposed system allows for great accuracy ( $\sigma _X=\text{0.28 px}, \sigma _Y=\text{0.29 px}, \sigma _{XY}=\text{0.02 px}$ ), a decent performance compared to the state of the art (throughput = 1.52 bits/s, error rate = 31%), and good results in the ISO 9241-411 independent rating scale. The results from the performed experiments show that the proposed system leads great promise in real-world applications. A low-cost head-mounted camera could be used as an alternative human interface device for people with limited hand/arm movement and control, allowing them to participate in the ongoing trend of computing devices gaining importance in our everyday activities.

A novel low-cost solution for driving assessment in individuals with and without disabilities

Brake reaction time is a key component to studying driving performance and evaluating fitness to drive. Although commercial simulators can measure brake reaction time, their cost remains a major barrier to clinical access. Therefore, we developed open-source software written in C-sharp (C#) for measuring driving related reaction times, which includes a subject-controlled vehicle with straight-line dynamics and several testing scenarios. The software measures both simple and cognitive load based reaction times and can use any human interface device compliant steering wheel and pedals. Measures from the software were validated against a commercial simulator and tested for reproducibility. Further, experiments were performed using hand controls in both able-bodied and spinal cord injured patients to determine clinical feasibility for disabled populations. The software demonstrated high validity when measuring brake reaction times, showed excellent test-retest reliability, and was sensitive enough to determine significant brake reaction time differences between able-bodied and spinal cord injured subjects. These results indicate that the proposed simulator is a simple and feasible low-cost solution to perform brake reaction time tests and evaluate fitness to drive.

Access to communication technology for children with cerebral palsy

Abstract Children with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) may experience difficulties in producing clear speech and may benefit from the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. Such systems may include the use of high-tech hardware and software to allow the selection of words or symbols, to be transmitted to a communication partner through digital or synthesised voice. Children whose movement disorders are more severe may experience difficulties using standard human interface devices such as a mouse and keyboard and may require modified or specialised solutions to access and control their AAC systems. This review discusses contemporary definitions of access and outlines considerations for assessment and selection of such systems. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is suggested as a helpful framework for decision-making. Given the complex presentation of many children with CP, a multi-disciplinary approach is emphasised.

Building Skill in Videogames: A Play of Bodies, Controllers and Game-Guides

In his now-seminal book, Pilgrim in the Microworld (1983), David Sudnow details his process of learning to play the game Breakout on the Atari 2600. Sudnow develops an account of his graduation from a novice (having never played a videogame prior, and middle-aged at time of writing) to being able to fluidly perform the various configurative processes involved in an acclimated Breakout player’s repertoire.

Initial Investigation of Elderly Drivers’ Acceptability for Proactive Intervention by Intelligent Vehicle

In this study, we focused on the acceptability of elderly drivers for proactive collision avoidance systems that operate several seconds before drivers enter dangerous situations. To understand the reasons and mechanisms of acceptance and refusal, we conducted an experiment using a driving simulator. In addition, we investigated the individual characteristics using questionnaires such as DSQ, WSQ, and NEO-PI-R. As a result, while many elderly drivers accepted proactive braking intervention, more than half did not accept proactive steering intervention. Furthermore, in this study, we classified evaluations of elderly driver for proactive collision avoidance systems into specific groups to better understand the mechanisms behind their acceptance and refusal. For some cases, we confirmed that drivers’ characteristics represented in the questionnaires seemed to be the reasons of refusals for the proactive intervention systems. Finally, we proposed new approaches, including use of haptic systems for shared controls and visual human machine interface devices for information sharing, as ways to improve the acceptance by elderly drivers towards the next step.

The New Algorithm for Speech Control in the Cockpit

Speech technologies are being developed intensively in the recent years, especially the automatic speech recognition as an additional input method in human interface and technical devices. Most of the known algorithms for speech control have small probability of correct recognition. Widespread methods, like Markov models and neural networks, which require large processing power, allow recognizing the words with a probability of no more than 85–92 %. Such accuracy is not enough to use the voice control on board of a modern aircraft. The article is devoted to a problem of improving the automatic speech recognition’s accuracy. A version of word recognition algorithm based on the classical approach is suggested, it includes the comparison with the patterns. In this work to improve the recognition’s accuracy a new method of calculating a similarity measurement between the recognizable word and the pattern, which based on z-Fisher transformation, is described. This article also contains an algorithm’s modification that takes into account the fixed ratios with the patterns of other words and uses the words adjustment to the pattern with dynamic programming elements. The usage of fixed relations between words provides additional information, which positively affects the recognition. The experimental results of the developed algorithm’s approbation on a large amount of speech data are presented.

Flexible and Stretchable Optoelectronic Devices using Silver Nanowires and Graphene.

Many studies have accompanied the emergence of a great interest in flexible or/and stretchable devices for new applications in wearable and futuristic technology, including human-interface devices, robotic skin, and biometric devices, and in optoelectronic devices. Especially, new nanodimensional materials enable flexibility or stretchability to be brought based on their dimensionality. Here, the emerging field of flexible devices is briefly introduced using silver nanowires and graphene, which are famous nanomaterials for the use of transparent conductive electrodes, as examples, and their unique functions originating from the intrinsic property of these nanomaterials are highlighted. It is thought that this work will evoke more interest and idea exchanges in this emerging field and hopefully can trigger a breakthrough on a new type of optoelectronics and optogenetic devices in the near future.

Stretch not flex: programmable rubber keyboard

Stretchability is a property that brings versatility and design freedom to human interface devices. We present a soft, flexible and stretchable keyboard made from a dielectric elastomer sensor sheet. Using a multi-frequency capacitance sensing technique based on a transmission line model, we demonstrate how this keyboard can detect touch in two dimensions, programmable to increase the number of keys and into different layouts, all without adding any new wires, connections or modifying the hardware. The method is efficient and scalable for large sensing systems with multiple degrees of freedom.

(Invited) Advanced CMOS Device Technologies Discussed Also with Transition-Metal Di-Chalcogenide (TMDC) Channel

Advanced CMOS device technology for a high-performance system-on-a-chip (SoC) LSI is firstly discussed by using benchmarking of published data [1-6], mainly-highlighted by a FinFET and beyond, as shown in Fig. 1. To enhance the performance of FinFET devices, a low-voltage operation less than 0.7 V with smaller variability of characteristics is highly required rather than an enlargement of channel width (Weff / Wfootprint). Here, Weff and Wfootprint mean effective and footprint channel widths. After that, higher-mobility channel devices are strongly needed with superimposed manner having an InGaAs high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT), InGaAs quantum well (QW), InAs QW, and InGaAs MISFET having an appropriate smaller bandgap. In this case, smooth thin-channel is promising to suppress the variability of characteristics. Therefore, an atomically-consistent semiconductor material such as a graphene and transition-metal di-chalcogenide (TMDC) are favorable candidates. Although the graphene has a zero band-gap, the TMDCs have superior properties such as an appropriate bandgap, for example, 1.2 eV in single-layer MoS2 film. Furthermore, they also yield higher mobility, transparent and mechanical robustness. In our experiments, a higher Hall mobility of electron with 28 cm2/Vs in 10-nm-thick MoS2 film is achieved even by using a magnetron sputtering process with MoS2 target for channel formation [7]. This might be caused by a suppression of carrier scattering due to contaminations such as alkali metals of sodium and potassium, impurities, crystal defects, and film roughness in the MoS2 film. In conclusion, the TMDC-channel MISFET could be suitable for high-performance SoC LSIs as not only advanced CMOS devices but also monolithic transistor to enhance the functionalities per chip area. Furthermore, it has a strong possibility achieving not only more-Moore and more-than-Moore but also more-comfort properties for high-performance human-interface (I/F) devices such as a transparent and flexible display. Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas: Grant Number 26105014, and the Center of Innovation Program from Japan Science and Technology Agency, JST.

Paraphernalia: A Design Approach for Electronic-Performance Tools

This paper addresses the proposition of experiential design approaches in Human Computing Interaction [HCI] and Human Interface Devices [HID]. To amplify the relationship between performer and the spectator when using emergent technologies with real time performance tools, the author refers to a set of self-crafted electronic-performance tools and a performance. This paper opens a pathway for a larger proposal that asks the reader to consider: What are the ways in which we can engineer interfaces that validate the circulation of subjugated knowledges?

A compliant soft-actuator laterotactile display

Humans are extremely adept at eliciting useful information through touch, and the tactile domain has huge potential for handheld and wearable electronic devices. Smart materials may be central to exploiting this potential. The skin is highly sensitive to laterotactile stimulation, where tactile elements move laterally against the skin, and this modality is well suited for wearable devices. Wearable devices should be soft and compliant, in order to move with the user and be comfortable. We present and characterize a laterotactile display using soft and compliant dielectric elastomer actuators. We carry out an initial psychophysical study to determine the absolute sensitivity threshold of laterotactile stimulation, and find that at low frequencies sensitivity is higher than for normal tactile stimulation. Our results suggest that the mechanoreceptors close to the skin surface (SA1, FA1) have improved sensitivity to laterotactile stimulation. We believe our results lay the foundation for a range of new soft robotic human interface devices using smart materials.