Human Flesh Research Articles

Hechos y Tachas: value, facts, and bodies in the early modern Caribbean

ABSTRACT This article examines the emergence of ideas about corporeal hechos [facts] in the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Caribbean. The establishment of facts around the human flesh in the early modern Caribbean and their circulation occurred in multiple social and cultural spaces but was prominent in the world of slave trading. This development depended on the creation of categories for the fixation of the flesh in the public discourse that appeared in governmental, judicial, and private records in locales in Europe and the Americas. At the same time, the development of this Caribbean tradition of facts required the circulation of these ideas and categories as inscribed in procedures of tacit knowledge related to bodies, practices that were evident in the work of slave-trading communities in the region. The creation of bodily facts emerged, in the end, from techniques that inscribed human bodies in accounts and transactions of all sorts moving across the Atlantic.

Research on Chinese Legal Regulation of Internet Violence in the Internet Era

The rapid development of network and communication technology has given rise to an open information society with free dissemination of information. The development of the Internet has provided a realistic possibility for the realization of the free dissemination of information, but at the same time, the vigorous development of the Internet and the application of various technical means have also posed challenges to China's traditional social governance. In recent years, various online chaos has emerged in Chinese society, such as the implementation of online human flesh searches, the creation and dissemination of online rumors, and the launch of online verbal abuse. This not only seriously infringes on the personal rights and interests of citizens, disrupts online order, but also has many negative effects on creating a harmonious and orderly social environment. Therefore, it is imperative for China to rely on legal means to govern online violence.

Digital Privacy Challenges in China: Human Flesh Search

The advent of digital technology has brought unprecedented convenience but also significant challenges to personal privacy, particularly in China. The phenomenon of human flesh search (HFS), facilitated by both legal internet platforms and illicit information trade, has become a source of major privacy violations. This paper explores the effectiveness of China's current legal measures, particularly the Criminal Law as Article 253(A), in safeguarding personal information against these threats. It also examines the implications of these legal shortcomings on individuals daily lives and privacy. The dangers of human searches and their impact on the reality level are analyzed through detailed profiling of the parties involved in cases related to cyber violence. This report analyzes these legal inadequacies, comparing them with international standards, and suggests enhancements to better safeguard personal privacy in the digital age. By learning from international practices and rigorously adapting and enforcing its laws, China can better safeguard its citizens against privacy violations and set a standard for personal information protection in the digital era.

“The Trees Got Their Own Ways to Hurt Us”: Entangled Bodies and Fragile Flesh in M.R. Carey’s "The Book of Koli" (2020)

There is a post-apocalyptic England teeming with violent plants, where one break in the clouds could wake the trees around you, condemning you to become sustenance for thirsty roots. This is the speculative future of M.R. Carey’s speculative young adult novel, The Book of Koli, where humans struggle to adapt to their new role in this speculative future and plants pose an ever-growing threat. In this article, I analyse how The Book of Koli engages with, what I term, “plant flesh,” through the analogous transformations of humans and plants. Plant flesh is a development of Michael Marder’s “grafts,” where he suggests that grafts are an expression of proliferation for both plants and flesh. With grafts, Marder illustrates the vegetality of flesh; with plant flesh, I illustrate both the vegetality of flesh and the fleshiness of the vegetal. Plant flesh, then, becomes a term of indistinction (as per Matthew Calarco), where, through plant flesh, we can begin to trace the ways that humans and animals are like plants. In The Book of Koli’s young adult context, plant flesh’s indistinction captures the shared and necessary – but oftentimes violent – transformation of flesh, as teen protagonist, Koli, transitions into adolescence alongside genetically modified plants and their evolution into speculative monstrosities. Through theoretical discussions and close readings, I argue that explorations of plant flesh in The Book of Koli serve to demonstrate both the shared, violent transformations of plant and human flesh and the indistinction that such transformations encourage between the adolescent Koli and the ever-evolving plants. The Book of Koli’s speculative young adult journey, then, with its botanical threats and adolescent transformations, makes apparent the indistinct zones that can emerge, when we tend to the entangled bodies and fragile flesh of both plants and humans.

"Internet Witch Hunt" is the Sharp Edge of the Internet Era

In the Internet era, personal freedom of speech has been fully reflected, but it has also brought a lot of negative effects."Internet witch hunting" refers to human flesh search, information collection, personal attacks on specific people on the Internet, and stirring people's emotions through the Internet. In recent years, with the development of the Internet, Internet rumors and online violence and other phenomena began to spread on the Internet. On online social media platforms, personal freedom of speech has been fully reflected, but it has also brought great hidden dangers to public security. With the development of technology, personal privacy has been paid more and more attention. How to protect personal privacy and prevent network violence has become a common problem in today's society. Starting from Python language, this paper will analyze the content of word frequency, word cloud map, theme modeling, emotion analysis results of mainstream media and social platforms for "online witch hunt" events, so as to provide a certain reference for us to better protect the personal privacy of ourselves and others.

Meat, Flesh, Skin: The Carnality Of The Secret Agent

Abstract: This essay considers Conrad’s novel The Secret Agent in relation to what I will suggest are several relevant intertexts or sources for it—including Upton Sinclair’s famous muckraking 1906 exposé of the conditions in the Chicago stockyards, The Jungle , as well as Classical mythological tales depicting “cannibal feasts.” I point to these sources in order to argue that Conrad uses the novel to consider the question of the overlap between the direct violence of terrorism and the less direct violence of meat production. The novel, I suggest, can be read as an extended meditation on the embodied nature of human flesh.

The Resurrection of the Flesh: the ‘Peculiar Treasure’ of the Church

AbstractThis paper presents an argument for the recovery of the doctrine of the resurrection of the flesh. I argue that the doctrine accords with creedal and doctrinal tradition (§2), as well as the scriptural witness about the goodness and destiny of human flesh (§3). I then outline what it means to say – minimally – that the flesh (or ‘numerically the same body’) will be raised (§4). In §5, I argue that the doctrine speaks to the unique predicament of human beings, namely, that our very being (our flesh) is the site and source of our greatest fear – the fear of death. By focusing its proffered hopes on the same flesh in which our deepest fears are located, the promise of resurrection is shown to be a ‘peculiar treasure’. Finally, I suggest in §5a‐5c three practices by which the church can inculcate this hope in the face of death.

Development of a master–slave 3D printed robotic surgical finger with haptic feedback

Robotic surgery started nearly 30 years ago. It has achieved telepresence and the performance of repetitive, precise, and accurate tasks. The “master–slave” robotic system allows control of manipulators by surgeon at distant site. Robotic surgical fingers were developed to allow surgeons to move them with accuracy through sensors fixed on surgeon’s hand. Also, haptic sensors were developed to allow transmission of sensation from robotic finger to surgeon’s finger. A complete system of a, 3D printed by a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer, robotic surgical finger with haptic feedback system is proposed. The developed system includes a master glove that controls the motion of a 3DOF robotic slave finger while getting haptic feedback of force/pressure exerted on it. The precise control of the slave robotic finger was achieved by applying a Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID), fast and robust, control algorithm using an Arduino based hardware and software module. The individual joint angles, metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), and wrist were measured using rotatory and inertial sensors respectively. The degree of movement for MCP, PIP, and Wrist joints were measured to be 0–86°, 0–71°, and 0–89° respectively. Motion to the robotic finger is mimicked by a glove motion requiring minimal learning curve for the device. The collected data for the slave motion is in good agreement with the master-glove motion data. The vibro-tactile haptic feedback system was developed to distinguish between three different materials to mimic human flesh, tumor, and bone. The master–slave system using robotic surgical finger with good simultaneous movement to surgeon’s finger and good haptic sensation will provide the surgeon with the opportunity to perform finger dissection in laparoscopic and robotic surgery, as it used to be in open surgery. 3D bio printing will make this process even cheaper with the added advantage of making surgical tools locally according to the need of the surgery. An ongoing work is to develop silicone based 8 mm robotic surgical finger with multiple type haptic feedback.

Hu Ìwà Sí i bí Ènìyàn Ẹlẹ́ran-Ara a (act towards the other as one with human flesh): A Yoruba theory of social interactions

Ubuntu has been generalized for Africa without paying attention to the plurality of cultures within the continent. This creates the need to put Ubuntu in dialogue with other African theories of social interactions. This study compares Ubuntu with the principle of Hu Ìwà síi bí Ènìyàn Ẹlẹ́ran-Ara (Act towards the other as one with human flesh), as it applies to relationships and justice. This theory was developed from the observed relationships between Yoruba traditional healthcare providers and their patients. As a theory, it assigns duty and rights to human actors in social interactions. The principle of Hu Ìwà síi bí Ènìyàn Ẹlẹ́ran-Ara is practiced among the Yoruba, and has developed into a moral system in recent researches. It shows multiplicity in African theories of social interaction. The principle was analysed and interpreted to show how it guides behaviour towards ‘the other person’ by the very fact that ‘the other’ is a human being with flesh. Contexts were analysed to establish what ought to be done to the other person as Ènìyàn eléran ara (a Human being with flesh and blood). There is a need to engage other African principles of social interaction to highlight overlaps and possible complementarities with Ubuntu.

«Ныне силы небесные с нами невидимо служат…». К истории литургических сюжетов на Руси

The depiction of liturgical life played a crucial role in the Russian art of the 16th-17th century. There was a number of newly created scenes emerged at the time: Let All Human Flesh Be Silent, The Cherubikon, The Vision of St. Gregory the Theologian and Now the Powers of the Heaven. The rarity of the latter, provided by the only example kept in the State Tretyakov Gallery, caused a special interest for the study. The upper part of the composition is occupied by the image of Heaven, where the Savior sits in majesty in the center surrounded by the angels. In the lower part, the saint bishop celebrates the liturgy against the backdrop of the temple. The icon is inscribed with a quotation from a hymn sung at the Liturgy of the Presanctified gifts. We find a similar set of motifs in another scene known as A Saint Celebrates the Liturgy. The depictions of it carry other inscriptions: The Liturgy, A Saint Bishop Serves the Lord, etc., however, the composition itself seems precisely repeated. In the center of the composition, there is a saint bishop approached by the laypeople. In the upper part, the Savior within a mandorla is depicted surrounded by the Heavenly Powers. In other words, the core motif of a saint bishop in front of the altar which is considered a marker for liturgical scenes is supplemented here with the depiction of laypeople or saints coming and with the image of the Lord in Majesty. The use of the similar set of motifs indicates the parallel development of liturgical scenes in the Late Medieval Russian art. The semantics of the subjects A Saint Bishop Celebrates the Liturgy and Now the Powers of Heaven also coincide with other liturgical compositions. They express the idea of unity between believers and the Heavenly world and besides they clearly show the way to reach the Paradise through the liturgy.

Anthropophagy and the human flesh in psychoanalysis

ObjectiveThis is an epistemological theoretical analysis that aims to show how the cannibal trope and the flesh are repressed in psychoanalysis. ContextFor this, I rescue the discussion that subdivides matriarchy and patriarchy, made by Freud in Moses and Monotheism. There, the abstraction and the negative facet of thought is taken as superior as the body and the sensitive field. In order to show the limits of this vision that marks psychoanalysis almost as a whole, I present reflections made by Oswald de Andrade in his noted essay The crisis of messianic philosophy. MethodThe procedure was the analysis of both texts (Moses and Monotheism and The crisis of messianic philosophy) with the flesh outline as a critic of the patriarchy. ResultsInstead of a negative and moral character, as it has been observed in Western culture, Oswald postulates the anthropophagy that devours elements of European culture, without allowing cultural aspects to be colonized. The anthropophagic model marks the culture of the Amerindian peoples, which incorporates aggressiveness and love in a single central gesture in religious and collective rituals that happen among them: anthropophagy. InterpretationThe repression of the flesh and of the anthropophagic devouring return impetuously as violence in Western civilization, destroying in an unavoidable way all-civilized pretensions achieved by sublimation processes. The conclusion points to what we should learn from Amerindian models and autarchic cultures: an amalgamation of love and hate that drives to a less destructive cultural forms and to a better relation to nature and to humans.

The Limits of Disgust: Eating the Inedible During Jamestown’s Starving Time

ABSTRACT This article reexamines the dietary choices made by English colonists during the notorious Starving Time of 1609–10. During moments of crisis, like the Starving Time, attitudes toward foods normally deemed disgusting, such as vermin and human flesh, could be recalibrated. Ideas of edibility and permissible dietary behavior were pliable, changeable, and grounded in a social environment in which hunger and ill health were pervasive but nonetheless considered preventable. As this article demonstrates, at moments when human life was in peril, disgust for certain foods was replaced with novel approaches to hunger relief, malleable beliefs about the health benefits of particular foods, and the conviction that most people who went hungry knew the limits of acceptable dietary behavior. Whether rhetorically or practically, disgust and its relationship to food had its limits.

The Cooked Child: Urban Legends and Ancient Myths from the Malayo-Polynesian-Speaking World

In several publications J. H. Brunvand has discussed an ‘urban legend’ labelled ‘the baby roast’. While treating this as an American tale current in the 1970s that spread to urban locations in Europe and elsewhere, Brunvand also mentions much older Malayo-Polynesian narratives from the South Pacific exhibiting the same theme—a child-minder mistaking an infant for food and cooking it. Yet he reaches no conclusion on whether this remarkable resemblance reveals ‘cross-cultural borrowing’ or ‘independent invention’. Analysing the Pacific stories and drawing on Malayo-Polynesian narratives from Indonesia recorded by the present author, this article demonstrates that the best explanation is independent development. The article further shows how stories concerning the accidental cooking and sometimes consumption of young children reflect pan-human concerns about the possibility of cannibalism and the attribution of consuming human flesh to people implicitly regarded as inhuman or, in the Indonesian stories, to characters who subsequently transform into non-human animals.

African Vernacular Symbols of Black Intersex Children in Sinethemba Ngubane's Installations (2007-2016)

African Vernacular Symbols of Black Intersex Children in Sinethemba Ngubane's Installations (2007-2016)

Research on Criminal Regulation of Internet Violence Behavior

In the contemporary society, “violence” is no longer a simple physical injury, with the continuous development of Internet technology, the phenomenon of network violence is becoming more and more intense. For example, netizens encouraged “cat or cat” to commit suicide by drinking pesticide live broadcast, and malicious network blasting caused teachers’ heart attack to tragedy, such as “rice circle human flesh search”, abusive war and so on. These events are different from the physical harm behavior in the real world, but they also fully expose the serious social harm of network violence. Therefore, so as to valid combat online violence, it is necessary to improve the legal system and fully leverage the role of criminal law and legal norms. In order to promote the maturity of the criminal law system of network violence, this paper will discuss the legitimacy of the criminal system of network violence, so as to promote the maturity of the legal system of network violence.

Did Platon (Politeia 571d) Believe That Every One of Us Is a Repressed Cannibal?

Abstract At the beginning of Book 9 of the Politeia (571cd), Platon suggests that all people bear in themselves unlawful desires like the desire to have sex with their own mother or with any other human, god, or beast, the desire to murder anyone, or the desire to eat anything. Modern scholars take it for granted that by the desire to eat anything, Platon means cannibalism. This view is based on the fact that Platon discusses unlawful desires in connection with the tyrannical man and that the tyrant is, elsewhere in the Politeia, twice connected with anthropophagy (at 8.565d–566a and 10.619c). This paper challenges this communis opinio and argues that we have no reason to assume that at Politeia 9.571d Platon claims that every one of us has the hidden desire to consume human flesh. Also, the alleged cannibalism of the Platonic tyrant is questioned. A close reading of the passages 8.565d–566a and 10.619c reveals that in the depiction of the tyrant Platon makes use of mythological motifs and literary topoi but never literally claims that the tyrant has cannibalistic desires.

DecolonialMovidas: María Lugones's Notion of Decolonial Aesthesis through Cosmologies

Decolonial<i>Movidas</i>: María Lugones's Notion of Decolonial Aesthesis through Cosmologies

This Delicious Death by Kayla Cottingham (review)

Reviewed by: This Delicious Death by Kayla Cottingham Quinita Balderson Cottingham, Kayla This Delicious Death. Sourcebooks Fire, 2023 [304p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781728236445 $11.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781728236421 $14.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R* Gr. 9-12 Two years ago, an environmental crisis triggered a pandemic that caused part of the population to crave human flesh to survive, resulting in an apocalyptic event coined "The Hollowing." Hollow people–called ghouls–faced a troubling dilemma: consume humans and live or risk starvation and the strong possibility that their feral instincts would lead them to uncontrollably rip loved ones to shreds. Fortunately, SynFlesh was developed (rather quickly) to satisfy the Hollowed cravings, and the world is mostly returning to normal, safely integrating ghouls into society. Finally freed from societal lockdown, four queer Hollow girlfriends road trip to a music festival in the secluded desert to let loose; unfortunately, an encounter with a cocky B-list celebrity sets off a series of mysterious events leaving a bloody trail to a missing ghoul friend. Meanwhile, attacks by an insatiable creature—far more monstrous than ghouls—slash the chances of any survivors, human or otherwise, escaping the desert. Fyre Festival meets zombie apocalypse in Cottingham's latest gore-filled excursion in which the social commentary bites just as hard as the flesh-eating monsters. Despite the heavy consequences of wrecking the environment, the world continues in the same self-serving dog-eat-dog fashion that led to this situation, and it's clear that even an apocalyptic event wouldn't eradicate societal problems like racism, homophobia, and privilege. Matters of the heart, too, coexist with the crisis, as the book follows Zoey and her bestie/long-time crush Celeste, a trans girl, and new potential love interest Cole. Once again, this author's novel begs for a film rendition and leaves fans salivating for more. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Birds in Medieval English Poetry: Metaphors, Realities, Transformations

Birds in Medieval English Poetry: Metaphors, Realities, Transformations

Forbidden Love, Meat and Cannibalism: An Analysis of Bhaskar Hazarika's Aamis (Ravening)

Abstract The paper attempts to explore Aamis (Ravening) (2019), an Assamese film from India, written and directed by Bhaskar Hazarika. The film chronicles a story of passion between Nirmali, a married woman and Sumon, a young researcher. Sumon, a meat connoisseur, studying the meat eating habits of different communities serve as a metafictional strategy of the film. Meat becomes a mode of showcasing liminality and the body politic. The two create a carnivalesque world for themselves, where meat becomes a medium of expressing their unprofessed desire. With the turn of events Sumon makes Nirmali taste his own flesh, camouflaging it as an exotic meat. Resulting in Nirmali's extreme yearning for human flesh. Nirmali undergoes a process of 'unfinalizability', revealing a side to herself that she had never known. Aamis through its surrealistic portrayal of cannibalism brings forth the grotesque and the macabre. Nirmali's desire for human meat turns her into a monstrous 'other'. Sumon and Nirmali become figures of 'homo-sacer', beyond the control of the state. In the conclusive scene, for the first time Nirmali touches Sumon, in public with faces covered by cloth. The markers of identity become ineffectual by then. Almost indifferent to the world around them, they stand as lovers hand in hand who had tasted, that which is "forbidden".