Human Economic Activity Research Articles

The Specifics of the Economic Tradition of Russian Society: from Byzantine Origins to Postindustrialism and Postmodernism

Introduction. In the history of Russian public thought, the issues of human economic activity have been considered from time immemorial through the prism of ethics of justice. Many things have been borrowed from the practice of Byzantine religious morality of economic taxonomism. In the Byzantine patristic paradigm, economy-house-building was analyzed as a field for spiritual growth in the field of Orthodox obedience. Wealth and success were not condemned, but evaluated as a challenge to the test. At the same time, from John Chrysostom to the thinkers of Moscow Russia, the theme of economic activity was presented as serving the highest social ideals of spiritual service. In the imperial period, the problems of economic life were analyzed from the standpoint of service to the state from S. N. Bulgakov to P. B. Struve. The Soviet model of state regulation turned out to be unique and did not reproduce much the previous experience of Rus – Russia in terms of the complexity of the national economy. Material and Methods. An integrative approach combined with historical-methodological and philosophical-historical analysis is considered as a theoretical and methodological research strategy. The solution of research tasks was provided by a complex of complementary theoretical (analysis of scientific, historical literature, journalistic research on the studied problem, comparative analysis of texts, comparison, generalization) and empirical (study and generalization of normative legal documents in the concepts of caesarepapism and secularism) methods. Results. The considered model of postmodernism in terms of its understanding in the Russian economic tradition and the specifics of the national economic structure in the realities of Russian history testifies to the secondary, borrowed nature of postmodern concepts. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of the actual understanding of the processes can be a properly constructed model of state-public relations, which can appear only with a balanced factor of diverse interests of actors of modern state-economic policy of Russia.

Problems Of Sustainable Management Of Water Resources Of Lake Sevan And Its Basin

Numerous rivers, lakes and other water features have suffered significant alterations as a result of human economic activity. As a result, hydrometric, hydrological, biological, ecological conditions, as well as morphometric elements of these objects were violated. In this regard, Lake Sevan and its basin might be used as a well-known example. There has never been any instance in the history of limnology where a lake’s level was artificially lowered by 18 meters over 3 to 4 decades (1930–1970), and by another 2 meters at the end of the 20th century (1990–2000). Additionally, the lake’s water volume dropped from 58 billion m3 to 32 billion m3. The Sevan problem first surfaced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is still a problem today. However, it has many meanings/soundings at different times. Based on this, we usually divided the entire study period into several stages. It should be noted that the ecosystem has suffered irreparable losses as a result of the use of the Lake Sevan resources, inadequate water resource management, and both positive and negative effects of these factors. We disagree with the assertions of many experts that problems can only be prevented or solved by raising the lake level. Therefore, extensive actions must be taken in the Sevan basin management area, regardless of the lake’s level.

Sustainability, population and reproductive ethics.

The paper explores the links between sustainability, population and reproductive ethics, because sustainability goals and population matters both imply ethical commitments. This article is based on a critical analysis of current scientific and philosophical literature on sustainability, population and reproductive ethics. The idea of sustainability, as enshrined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, is a concept whose goal is to protect the environment, strengthen human communities and foster prosperity; in other words, to create a world in which all can thrive and prosper. However, humanity is moving quickly in the opposite direction. The main causes of unsustainability are excessive human numbers and the excessive human economic activity to which they lead. Sustainability is achievable, but it requires a sustainable human population. According to the latest studies, that is somewhere around three billion humans. Reaching this goal requires targeting all four reachable roots of the population's growth. Supportive measures, such as voluntary family planning, education and empowerment, combat (1) unwanted fertility and (2) coerced fertility. However, (3) population momentum and (4) wanted fertility also must be addressed. The latter two can be approached through promotion of reproductive ethics of small families, ideally one-child families, as a new global ethical norm.

INFLUENCE OF SOLID LIQUID STATES RATIOS ON THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF HUMATE-CONTAINING ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS

Human economic activity leads to removal of nutrients from the soil along with the crop. Nutrients losses also occur because of natural processes (erosion, leaching, etc.). It is necessary to replenish the missing nutrients with the use of humate-containing organomineral fertilizers to preserve soil fertility and increase productivity. The purpose of this work is to study the processes of iron (III) phosphates interaction with potassium humate and to obtain humate-containing organomineral fertilizers. Methodology. Chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis methods have been used. Results and discussion. The processes of obtaining humate-containing organomineral fertilizers by the interaction in the systems “iron dihydrogen phosphate - potassium humate”, “iron hydrogen phosphate - potassium humate” and “iron orthophosphate - potassium humate” have been studied. It has been determined that an increase in the S:L ratio from 1:3 to 1:6 leads to an increase in the content of the digestible forms of Р2О5 up to 44.70%, nitrogen up to 1.85% and the output of humic substances up to 79.23%. An analysis of the IRS data indicates the multicomponentness and complexity of the composition of humate-containing organomineral fertilizers samples. Conclusion. It has been shown that the absorption bands of humic compounds of various functional groups and various substitutions phosphates are superimposed, while the shape of the absorption bands distorted, and their maxima have shifted to the high- or low-frequency area. It has been found that, regardless the phosphate ionnature, an increase in the ratio of S:L leads to a decrease in the absolute content of total, water-soluble and assimilable forms of P2O5. Concurrently, the phosphate part almost completely converted into the assimilated form. It has been defined that adding of the potassium humate, makes all phosphorus, which is in the indigestible form in the iron phosphates, almost completely pass into a mobile and assimilable form. It has been revealed that the addition of potassium humate into the systems with iron phosphates of various degrees of substitution makes it possible to neutralize the residual acidity of the pulp, and the neutralization process proceeds without P2O5 retrogradation. The resulting products have good physical, mechanical and fertilizer properties.

ASSESSMENT BY MACROINVERTEBRATES OF THE ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SHALLOW LAKE WITH RICH SAPROPEL SEDIMENTS

In this research, the ecological quality of the Lake Vēveru (Latvia, Rēzekne district) according to macroinvertebrates was investigated. The Lake Vēveru has a large sapropel deposit. The Lake Vēveru is relatively little affected by human economic activity, the only moderate impact is sapropel mining in the lake in 2009-2012, it is planned to resume industrial sapropel mining in the lake. During the period of sapropel removal, a decrease in the transparency of water is noted due to the nutrient flow into the water mass, pH increases, the habitat of planktonic and benthic organisms is disturbed. Macroinvertebrates samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods in the open pelagic and littoral zones of the lake in different seasons. The ecological quality of the lake was assessed in accordance with the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive in Latvia. To characterize the ecological status of the lake the Latvian Lake Macroinvertebrate Multimetric Index was used. According to the Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) the lake indicates a good ecological status of the water. However, a moderately low species diversity index indicates the dominance of certain taxa. In general, macroinvertebrates species that are often and widely found in Latvia and are environmentally tolerant have been found in the lake. Water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, chlorophyll-α were measured with a HACH OTT DS5 Probe. Water transparency was measured using a Secchi disc.

Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment in Plain Area of the Yarkant River Basin

Groundwater pollution risk assessment is an effective method to manage groundwater resources and prevent groundwater pollution. The DRSTIW model was used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability in a plain area of the Yarkant River Basin, and factor analysis was used to identify pollution sources for pollution loading evaluation. The functional value of groundwater was estimated by considering both the mining value and the in-situ value. The entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to determine the comprehensive weight, and a groundwater pollution risk map was generated based on the overlay function of ArcGIS software. The results showed that the natural geological factors such as large groundwater recharge modulus, wide recharge sources, strong permeability of soil surface and unsaturated zone, and shallow groundwater depth facilitated pollutant migration and enrichment, resulting in a higher overall groundwater vulnerability. Very high vulnerability and high vulnerability areas were mainly distributed in Zepu County, Shache County, Maigaiti County, Tumushuke City, and the eastern part of Bachu County. The pollution loading of groundwater was generally low, the main pollution sources were point source pollution caused by water-rock interaction, non-point source pollution caused by pesticides and fertilizers, and point source pollution caused by industry and life. The overall functional value of groundwater was low because of human economic activities, fine water quality, and good habitat quality. Groundwater pollution risk was generally low, and very high and high pollution risk areas accounted for 20.7% of the study area, mainly distributed in Shache County, Zepu County, Maigaiti County, Tumushuke City, and the western part of Bachu County. Natural conditions such as strong aquifer permeability, weak groundwater runoff conditions, large groundwater recharge modulus, low vegetation coverage, and strong water-rock interaction, coupled with frequent human activities such as application of agricultural fertilizers and discharge of industrial and domestic sewage, made the groundwater pollution risk higher in these areas. Groundwater pollution risk assessment provided strong data support for the optimization of the groundwater monitoring network and the prevention of groundwater pollution.

Material revalorization of beach wrack comprising seaweed and marine phanerogams: Optimization of hydrothermal treatments

Tidal waste causes accumulation of seaweed and marine plants on coasts, resulting in an.eutrophication process and proliferation of insects, nematodes, and bacteria that negatively affect the beach ecosystem and local human economic activities. This work highlights the potential of beach wrack from the Andalusian Mediterranean coastline as cellulosic materials, in the frame of concepts such as waste management, revalorization, and reduction of hazardous chemicals. With this purpose, beach waste was harvested, washed with water, characterized, and subjected to chemical-free hydrothermal treatments. A central composite design was defined in order to relate the hydrothermal treatment conditions to the composition of the liquid and solid fractions. It was concluded that polynomial models encompassing linear, quadratic, and binary effect parameters reproduce the experimental results satisfactorily (e.g., R2 = 0.97–0.98 for saccharides released). As expected, severe conditions resulted in higher removal of hemicellulose, and of small amounts of lignin along with it, but at the expense of the yield. Results allowed us to choose high temperature (150 °C), short time (30 min) and low liquid/solid ratio (8) as a compromise solution, by which the yield and the outlet concentrations of glucose, xylose, and arabinose approached their optimal values. Although longer times grant further removal of non-fibrous materials, this small difference is compensated by energy savings and reduction on water consumption.

Team Roles in Family Businesses and Quality of Family Business – Case Study

Abstract Team roles, personal character, and temperament play a key role in team management. The unique approach brought by Dr. M. Belbin´s unique approach, known as the Belbin Team Roles, is widely used in education, research, and professional consultancy. However, there is a significant gap in research on team roles in family businesses, which hinders the understanding of a specific form of human economic activity: family business. The aim of this article is to show the methodology used in the research of team roles in family businesses, with a focus on family business quality in one specific Czech company. The company was evaluated using Belbin Team Roles 360-degrees analysis and a Family Business Quality self-evaluating questionnaire. This case study provides a foundation for future research in this area.

Transformational processes in post-technogenic ecosystems of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits in Western Ukraine

Restoration of post-tech ecosystems of the Western region of Ukraine takes place both through natural self-overgrowth with vegetation and through the implementation of phytomeliorative measures - artificial afforestation of disturbed areas. These processes have been studied on post-technogenic territories of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits. Transformational processes in the study area are caused mainly by three factors: natural succession of vegetation (from the emergence of mosses and pioneering species of grasses and trees to the formation of stable plant communities); human economic activity (phytomeliorative measures for sowing grasses and creating forest crops) and cattle grazing (appearance of fruit tree species in phytocenoses). Transformational processes in edaphotopes are primarily determined by two factors - the natural succession of vegetation and erosion processes. Due to the long process of restoration of disturbed ecosystems in post-man-made areas, relatively complex and rich in species composition stable plant communities are gradually formed, which contribute to the formation of embriozems, identification of soil genetic horizons, increasing the thickness of the soil profile and approximating the physical and mechanical properties of the upper layers of the soil to the properties of natural zonal soils. The species composition and structure of vegetation in the post-technogenic territories of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits of the Western region of Ukraine have been determined. The study showed that the dendroflora of post-technological areas is represented by 59 species of tree plants.Changes in the components of phytocenoses and edaphotopes are presented and the factors of transformation processes in disturbed ecosystems are analyzed. Stages of natural succession of vegetation in post-technogenic territories of lignite and sulfur deposits have been established. Physico-chemical properties of the formed embriozems were analyzed and their comparative analysis with zonal soils was carried out. It is established that the processes of vegetation restoration and soil formation in post-technogenic territories cause the gradual formation of complex plant groups and relatively stable and stable natural ecosystems.

Analysis and prediction of carbon balance in production-living-ecological space of Henan Province, China.

As the carrier of human economic activities, the change of territorial space affects the level of regional carbon balance. Therefore, with regional carbon balance as the goal, this paper proposed a framework from the perspective of production-living-ecological space and took Henan Province of China as a study area for empirical research. First, the study area established an accounting inventory that considers nature, society, and economic activities to calculate carbon sequestration/emission. Then, the spatiotemporal pattern of carbon balance was analyzed by ArcGIS from 1995 to 2015. Later, the CA-MCE-Markov model was used to simulate the production-living-ecological space pattern in 2035, and carbon balance in three future scenarios was predicted. The study showed that from 1995 to 2015, the living space gradually expanded, and the aggregation rose while the production space decreased. Carbon sequestration (CS) was less than carbon emission (CE) and presented an unbalanced state of negative income in 1995, while CS exceeded CE and showed a positive income imbalance in 2015. In 2035, living space has the highest carbon emission capacity under natural change scenario (NC), while ecological space has the highest carbon sequestration capacity under ecological protection scenario (EP), and production space has the highest carbon sequestration capacity under food security scenario (FS). The results are crucial for understanding the carbon balance changes in territorial space and supporting regional carbon balance goals in the future.

ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY FLOWER OF TANACETUM VULGARE AGRO- AND URBANBIOCENOSES OF THE VORONEZH REGION

An important and little-researched aspect of the effect of human economic activity on medicinal plants is that in response to an increase in anthropo-genic load, additional synthesis of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids, is induced, which play an important role in adapting plants to changing conditions. The purpose of the study was to study the accumulation of flavonoids and phenol carboxylic acids in the flowers of Tanacetum vulgare, col-lected in various agricultural and urbobiogeocenoses of the Voronezh region from the point of view of anthropogenic impact. As part of the study, 51 samples of Tanacetum vulgare flowers determined the content of heavy metals and arsenic and the sum of flavonoids and phenol carboxylic acids in terms of luteolin. By comparing the data on the content of heavy metals in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the flowers of Tanacetum vulgare, it can be argued that there are significant physiological barriers that prevent the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the generative organs of the plant, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. It turned out that ordinary pyjma is able to selectively concentrate copper and zinc. It was revealed that in the flowers of Tanacetum vulgare collected in agrobi-ogeocenoses and urbocenoses, the content of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids is higher than in samples from protected areas, which is ex-plained by the fact that the key enzyme for the synthesis of flavonoids – phenylalaninammiacliase – has a pronounced stress inducibility. Under condi-tions of excessive toxic influence of pollutants, it is also possible to suppress the antioxidant system of plants.

Updated spatial distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils of the Yangtze River Basin, China

Supporting ecological protection and restoration has been at the heart of China’s ambitious Yangtze River conservation strategy. Knowledge of the current status of heavy metal distribution is important for planning remediation practices and allocation to waste treatment facilities. Through an extensive and systematic review of literatures, this study depicts the up-to-date spatial distribution and characteristics of typical heavy metals in soils of the Yangtze River Basin, China. A total of 7,694 geo-referenced records of heavy metal in soils of the Yangtze River Basin were compiled from the literatures published between 2000 and 2020. The results show the spatially-heterogeneous concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, As, Hg and Cd. The degree of heavy metal pollution was relatively higher in the middle reaches, while it was relatively lower in the upstream and downstream. According to the limits set by the state to ensure agricultural production and maintain human health, the average concentration of Cd greatly exceeded its limit. Overall, a certain number of heavily polluted areas were found to occur in regions with frequent human economic activities, posing potential health risks. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of children are 1.4 times and 1.6 times higher than those of adults, respectively, and the heavy metal with the highest risk to human health was Cr. This study provides an important basis for the field of soil pollution prevention and control in the Yangtze River Basin. It updates the current understanding of the spatial pattern of major pollutants in a large ecologically protected region in China, which is conducive to the precise prevention and control of public health risks.

The Culture of Economic Life of Society: Structure, Functions, Management

Introduction. The global processes taking place in modern society require a high level of generalization, new methodological approaches, and the development of philosophical and cultural concepts that adequately reflect the rapidly changing economic reality. In the context of the transition to post-industrialism, the study of the essence and role of economic culture, its structure, and functions is now extremely relevant. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to provide a philosophical and cultural conceptualization of the dynamic nature of society's economic life, which will allow deepening the understanding of the structure and functions of economic culture and the system of economic management. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, cultural, historical, and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of organizational phenomena and processes, as well as the activity approach which explains the motivation of human economic activity. Results. The main structural levels of culture in the economic life of society are identified and characterized. The main functions of economic culture in the socio-cultural system of society are determined. The regularities of cultural functions at different stages of the historical development of society are revealed, and their impact on the economic management system and regulation is analyzed. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in deepening the understanding of the essence of the economic culture of society, defining its structure and main functions. The significance of the study is manifested in the addition of cultural science with new theoretical provisions on the culture of society's economic life, as well as in the possibility of using them in the process of training managers and entrepreneurs of economic organizations.

Heavy metals in the sediments of urban sinkholes in Cancun, Quintana Roo

Soils in urban areas can accumulate heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic inputs. This research focuses on a young coastal tourist city that has been urbanized over the last 52 years and shows accelerated demographic growth and urban development. Deposition of heavy metals in soils is caused by human economic activities, which has significant implications for the environment. We evaluated heavy metal concentrations in urban sinkholes, which are sites for the natural accumulation of water and sediments. These locations also receive rainfall runoff or have been used as unregulated dumps. By performing a multistage extraction to address availability and risk, we found that Zn, Fe and Al were the predominant metals; Cu, Pb and Ni were only detected in some sinkholes. The contamination factor was high for Zn and moderate for Pb. The geoaccumulation index showed that Zn is the most abundant and available metal in urban sinkholes and the metal with the highest potential ecological risk. Between 12 and 50% of the total concentration of all metals was extracted from the organic matter phase. Correlations were found between the degree of urbanization of the city and the degree of pollution, and the trends were stronger in older sections of the city. Zn is the most prevalent element and has high concentrations. The metal concentrations in the sediments can be used as warning signs for their potential risk to environmental and human health, and these results can be compared with those of other tourist cities in karstic environments around the world.

Археологическое исследование памятников петровской эпохи на территории Волгоградской области

Introduction. This paper presents preliminary results of the first archaeological survey of the objects of the archaeological heritage “Petrov Val” and “Selimov Val of 1550.” The main purpose of the event has become the clarification of existing information regarding to the features of creation and operation of difficult hydraulic engineering structures such as “Selimov Val of 1550” or Johann Brekkel’s canal and “Petrov Val” or rather, the canal, which was built under the leadership of John Perry at the turn of the 17th – 18th centuries. Methods and materials. During the research, the attempt to discover the cultural layer of the 18th century was made using the help of archeological methods. Analysis. In the process of visual inspection of these objects, their significant damage was observed, which was inflicted during human economic activity. During the archeological exploration, open test pits were made to identify the cultural layer in the most promising places. While studying the site “Petrov Val”, the test pit was made on the territory located near the Ilovlya riverbed. During the survey of the object “Selimov Val of 1550”, one pit was made near the Cossack artillery battery, which can be dated to the beginning of the 18th century, the second was made in the place where, a small old working settlement of the builders of the Brekkel’s canal was located, according to the map from the atlas of Kruise (1704). Unfortunately, archaeological material was not found during the excavations. Results. During the visual inspection of the site “Selimov Val of 1550”, its beginning from the Ilovlya River and its continuation up to the settlement of Petrov Val, which had not been considered for forming the boundaries of this object before, were localized. According to the results of archaeological work, it has become clear that the name “Selimov Val of 1550” is wrong, because the surviving remains of this hydraulic engineering structure fully correspond to the description of the canal, which was laid by workers under the leadership of Johann Brekkel in the late 17th century.

Carbon footprint and emission reduction potential of the artwork auction market

Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities have become the leading cause of climate problems. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from human economic activities and realizing carbon neutralization are the main means of sustainable economic development. Among them, carbon emission reduction of large-scale activities including auctions bears the brunt. Through the emission factor method, this paper estimates the carbon footprint of a typical artwork auction and divides the auction market into different sizes, according to the average round-trip distance of the number of participants. The results show that a typical 3-day medium-sized artwork auction with 500 people’s carbon footprint is about 270 tons of carbon dioxide. The traffic carbon emission of participants accounts for a large proportion of the total carbon footprint, particularly composed of the traffic carbon emissions of a small proportion of long-distance participants. Therefore, the transition from offline to virtual artwork auctions can significantly reduce the carbon footprint by 90%–95%. We put forward suggestions on improving the auction carbon footprint accounting process and industry carbon neutralization system, and promoting the development of relevant technologies for the virtual artwork auction market.

The impact of the green economy on the urban ecosystem of Almaty city

The article presents the impact of the green economy on the urbanized ecosystem of the city of Almaty. The concept of green economy is considered as sustainable development with minimal risks to the environment and the reduction of the negative impact of human economic activity on the environment, as well as the d e-velopment of this direction in the country and, in particular, in the city of Almaty. A phased process of transition to a green economy is shown, the implementation of the “Zhasyl Almaty” project, where, according to the concept of transition to a green economy, according to the concept of “smart cities”, one of the main goals of the development of Almaty is to preserve natural resources, comfortable living conditions for the population and improve the quality of life in all areas of Almaty, which is the main requirement of a green economy. In recent years, the growth of new buildings in the city of Almaty has intensified the processes of anthrop o-genic impact on the urban flora. The existing experience of green building in the city of Almaty does not fully take into account the specific environmental conditions of various districts of the city and the level of their technogenic pollution, and the issues of the state of plantations in residential and industrial areas, the r e-sistance of vegetation to the impact of the urban environment are ignored. Due to the increasing density of urban development with multi-storey buildings (more than 20 floors), it is becoming increasingly difficult to realize the concept of a green city of Almaty.

Biodiversity of Ravine Flora of the Northeastern Part of the Lesser Caucasus

As a result of the study of the areas, the geographical features of the ravine flora were studied. The flora is grouped by geographical elements according to the existing scheme of geographical elements. Geographical analysis shows that pontic and nemoral geoelements are dominated by Eurasian, European, and ancient Mediterranean areas. Nemoral and pontic geoelements cover all areal types. Cosmopolitans dominate. It should be pointed out that as a result of human economic activity, the species composition in the ravines has decreased sharply. Ravines occupy an important place in the formation of the vegetation of the north-east of the Lesser Caucasus and play the role of soil protection and water protection. Systematic, biomorphological, ecological cenotic, geographical analysis shows that the ravine flora is similar to the zonal flora of the meadow steppe system, but at the same time has its own characteristics. It is heterogeneous in species composition. One of the peculiarities of the flora is the predominance of weeds, forest vegetation and migrants.

Retrospective analysis of the development of the energy crisis in the European Union

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current economic state of the European Union in the context of the progressive energy crisis. The article characterizes the importance of energy as the most important area of human economic activity for the world economy, identifies the causes and scale of the current energy crisis, examines the directions of countering the energy crisis in the European Union on the example of Germany and France. Within the framework of the conducted research, both general scientific methods (abstraction, analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison) and methods of comparative legal and content analysis are used. The analysis showed that the crisis phenomena in the energy industry are predetermined by three main groups of causes - natural, geopolitical and economic. The article substantiates the characteristics of the European Union as the center of the modern energy crisis, indicating the conditions for the emergence of a crisis situation in Europe in recent years, which are not related to the special military operation conducted by the Russian Federation in Ukraine. In conclusion, the article substantiates the lack of a strategic nature of the anti-crisis policy of the European Union in the energy sector. The results of the conducted research can be useful for economists involved in the world economy and international economic relations, as well as for undergraduates, undergraduates and postgraduates.

Alexander Bogdanov’s system methodology from the perspective of the modern economic worldview

The doctrine of Alexander Bogdanov, the forerunner of the comprehensive system analysis developed later, is considered in the article from the point of view of the typology of the basic factors of the systemic development of the economy. The paradigm of space-time as an environment for the functioning of the economy in Bogdanov’s interpretation is analyzed in connection with the well-known concepts of space and time in physics, which allows us to take a fresh look at the relationship and roles of macro-, meso-, micro- and nanolevels in the economy. The representation of human economic activity as a combination of the processes of cognition and creation of spiritual and material values makes it possible to expand the concept of the connectedness of economic phenomena through causal (successive) and induction (mirror) dependencies. From this perspective, the reasons for the dominance of short-range and long-range effects, short- and long-term effects in different periods of the development of the Russian economy are considered.