Human Development Policies Research Articles

A Foresight Framework for the Labor Market with Special Reference to Managerial Roles—Toward Diversified Skill Portfolios

This study introduces a methodology for labor market foresight through alternative futures. It discusses three alternative scenarios for managerial roles, each exploring varying levels of technological advancement and economic growth, to provide insights into the evolving demands for managerial roles. By drafting a diversified skill portfolio, it is argued that employability skills for managers concern providing education in a combination of areas, such as new technologies, trend analysis, and strategic foresight based on the sector in which the firm operates, negotiation skills and human resources management, contemporary sales techniques, entrepreneurship, and personal growth, including time management, creativity, public speaking skills, and foresight skills. Utilizing responses obtained through an online survey administered in Greece during 2024 to managers and employing principal component analysis (PCA), we establish correlations between skill portfolio composition preferences, foresight analysis, and design of diversified skill portfolios. Diversified skill portfolios are a holistic approach to training, reskilling, and upskilling, including an optimum combination of foundational, complex, digital, green, and always case-fit per occupation or sector of economic activity. Consequently, the insights derived from this study offer a microeconomic perspective regarding the optimal combination of skills for managerial occupations and a macroeconomic perspective concerning the formulation of future training policies for human capital development.

Human Capital Management Development and Environment Policy Model on The Performance of State Civil Apparatus in Riau Province Government

This study aims to develop a conceptual framework for Competence-based Human Capital Management (HCM) and Religiosity to the Performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Riau Provincial Government. This study is to find the most appropriate way to develop ASN competence and fill in the limitations of previous research and gaps in competency research on ASN performance. This study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to officials related to the development of ASN competencies, both Structural Officials ranging from Middle High Officials, Primary High Officials, Administrator, and Supervisory Officers, as well as Functional Officers related to competency development, as many as 114 respondents with using a purposive sampling approach, data collection techniques using a questionnaire with a scale of 1-5, which then uses Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis with the outer Model, and inner model and processed using the SmartPLS 3. Capital Management and Supported by Religiosity. This study examines the development of competence based on Human Capital Management and Religiosity as a moderator of ASN performance. This research has never been conducted simultaneously.

The moderating effect of collectivistic workplace culture on the link between political skill and knowledge sharing among faculty members

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of political skills of faculty members in Chinese universities on their tendency to obtain knowledge shared by their colleagues, as well as their tendency to share knowledge with their colleagues. Moreover, this study investigated the role of collectivistic culture in a workplace as the moderating variable that may influence the effect of political skill on knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were obtained from 387 faculty members across six universities located in the northern and the central cities of China. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used as the statistical method for data analysis. Findings The results provided significant evidence that supported the positive effect of political skill on knowledge sharing. Furthermore, the moderating effect analysis showed that in the workplaces that had strong collectivist culture, the degree to which employees obtained knowledge shared by others, as well as the willingness of employees to share their knowledge to others, was more likely to happen as compared to that in the workplaces that had a weak collectivist culture. Practical implications As part of human capital development policies, political skill training could be an intervention to promote knowledge sharing among faculty members. The training may be particularly helpful to promote knowledge sharing in a workplace that adopts individualistic culture more than in a workplace that adopts collectivistic culture. Originality/value This study provided new evidence that extended previous studies by unveiling the moderating effect of collectivist culture in a workplace that was found to reduce the effect of political skill on knowledge sharing.

The impact of energy sector pollution on human development and inequality amidst climate change

Abstract The provision of energy is a primary contributor to climate change and environmental pollution, the latter including air pollution from aerosol emissions and a broad range of other human health effects and ecosystem damages. At the same time, aerosol emissions also reduce radiative forcing, leading to a masking of part of the warming due to rising CO$_2$ concentrations and temporarily reducing the adverse impacts of climate change. Using an energy-economy-climate model linked to atmospheric chemistry, health impact and life cycle assessment models, we show that the societal costs of the health impacts of environmental pollution substantially exceed the economic benefits from masked warming. We further highlight the unequal burden of these issues on developing countries and explore the implications for human development, global inequality and international climate policy.

Determinants of Human Development Index in South Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Different Time Periods

The Human Development Index is a useful measure of a country’s overall prosperity and standard of living (HDI). The Human Development Index (HDI) provides data on the social and economic progress of a nation by accounting for variables such as life expectancy, education attainment, and per capita income. This research delves into the intricate correlation of a nation’s historical background, policy framework, and advancements on the Human Development Index. The remarkable journey of South Africa, from apartheid to inclusive growth, is an important example. The study uses an average yearly growth rate to examine how changes in political ideologies, ongoing development initiatives, and historical contexts of inequality have shaped South Africa’s HDI trajectory. By examining crucial turning points and policy influences, the study aims to reveal the complex relationship of factors affecting human development results. Despite improvement, challenges like unemployment and poverty continue. The study stresses the relevance of understanding historical context and policy changes in shaping HDI outcomes. Ultimately, the study emphasises the need of maintaining a long-term commitment to effective and inclusive human development policies. Understanding the complex relationship of factors influencing South Africa’s HDI will help policymakers make better informed decisions that will lead to a more prosperous and fair society for all South Africans.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНІ ЗМІНИ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ВИКЛИКИ

The state and dynamics of changes in the labor market of Ukraine, caused by the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, require prompt monitoring and their consideration when developing modernization programs focused on the needs of the recovery of the national economy, the priorities of the country's integration into the European Union, taking into account the trends in the functioning of the global labor market. The purpose of the article is to monitor transformational changes in the labor market of Ukraine under martial law. The subject of the study is the trends and challenges of the labor market of Ukraine. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping and analogies, deduction. The hypothesis of the study is that the effectiveness of the modernization mechanism of the further functioning of the labor market depends on the scale and direction of the trends of transformational changes, which are reflected in the trends and challenges that have a high specific capacity of behavioral aspects. Presenting main material. The article identifies the reasons for the significant increase in the imbalance in the functioning of the labor market, which mainly occurred due to the mass migration of the population and the relocation of enterprises from the occupied territories to the western and central regions of the country, but at the same time, employers feel the presence of personnel hunger, which they seek to cover with little competition in pay labor. It has been established that, in general, the type of labor market functioning with a shortage of qualified personnel persists. The conducted analysis made it possible to determine relevant processes for the wartime functioning of the labor market of Ukraine, which consist in a significant reduction in employment; changes in the structure of the country's labor potential due to the large-scale internal and external migration of the population and the increase of internally displaced persons in the structure of the labor force supply; dissatisfaction with the needs of the working population; activation of mobilization processes provoked negative dynamics of informal employment; manifestations of differentiation in the level of wages and job offers regionally and by gender. Originality and practical significance of the research. The practical value of the research lies in the fact that the obtained results allow to objectify the processes of transformational changes in the labor market of Ukraine in wartime conditions, to characterize the current and prospective challenges of its functioning in the system of the national economy. Research conclusions. The impact of war events on the country's national economy was primarily reflected in the reduction of production capabilities, changes in the structure of the available labor force, the destruction of enterprises, the deterioration of the dynamics of the functioning of the labor market, and the crisis-related deterioration of the regulatory mechanism of labor market institutions. In the context of research perspectives, the monitoring of the consequences of martial law for social and economic spheres, providing spheres of human capital development, market relations, internal and external policy of the state remains an important operational task. In further investigations, the identified threats and risks can be used to develop programs for regulating processes and resources in the labor market.

Ethics of Care and Employees: The Impact of Female Board Representation and Top Management Leadership on Human Capital Development Policies

Ethics of Care and Employees: The Impact of Female Board Representation and Top Management Leadership on Human Capital Development Policies

Underexplored Dimensions of Uncertainty and Risk in Human Development Policy Call for a New Paradigm

The human development paradigm like many other development policy domains, old and new, is being challenged by a fundamentally new context that has been described by many as a VUCA world meaning Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous. These factors are of course not independent of each other, but interactive, thus making for a very difficult environment in which public policy must be made. The Human Development Report (HDR) made a wise and topical choice therefore in selecting uncertain unsettled lives as the theme for the 2021–2022 report. This paper first identifies some of the strengths of the current human development policy analysis but then proceeds to outline multiple concrete, though novel, ways of addressing the challenges of uncertain times and unsettled lives. These include the need for unpackaging the concept of uncertainty, highlighting both differences and linkages between risk and uncertainty, and further implications for policymaking. In addition, we discuss new and promising ways of thinking about uncertainty in policy issues around human development including complexity theory and complex adaptive systems thinking as well as quantum-like frameworks. Finally, we discuss applied spirituality which, in our opinion, can be of great value in engaging with unsettled lives. Ours is an attempt to call for a future paradigm in policy thinking, and social and human sciences as a whole.

Design Thinking of Indonesia's Post-Jokowi Education Policy

Education during Jokowi's administration was rarely a topic of discussion. In the 2-year document Jokowi-JK Real Work shows that education is less of a major concern in the Jokowi administration's policy agenda. The three main focuses of the government's policy agenda emphasize infrastructure, human development, and economic deregulation policies. Education is only limited to the mention of increased access and infrastructure of education, and the education index which increased (0.82) from 2014 to 2015. A number of education policy products such as the smart Indonesia card, KIP Kuliah have become a legacy in the Jokowi administration from 2014 to 2024. However, a number of educational problems and challenges have not been fully answered during Jokowi's leadership. This happens because there is no adequate design thinking in overcoming education problems in Indonesia. The purpose of the research is to uncover and analyze the fundamental problems of education and propose the formulation of design thinking of Indonesian education policy after Jokowi. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach. Data is obtained through literature studies of government policy documents in the field of education, books, scientific journal articles. Data analysis uses interpretive approaches, semiotics, critical discourse analysis, and design thinking. The results of this study show that if we look at post-reform education policy, design thinking education policy has not touched on the fundamental education system, the substance of education, and the culture and ecosystem of education. Therefore, the design thinking proposed after the Jokowi administration is directed to build and strengthen three aspects, namely regulation, governance, and education human resources.

The Human Security-Development Nexus and its Local Articulation in Ethiopia since 1991: The Case of Eastern Wallagga

This research investigates the conflicts between human security and development policies in Eastern Wallagga, Ethiopia. The study employed qualitative research methods such as interviews, focus groups, and observations to gather data from primary and secondary sources. The findings indicate that addressing the underlying causes of conflict, promoting social and economic development, and involving communities in decision-making processes are vital to address human security issues in Eastern Wallagga. Despite attempts to provide humanitarian aid and development assistance, progress has been slow, and more work is required to achieve sustainable and fair growth. The study suggests a tailored approach that considers the complex and interrelated nature of human security and development challenges in the area.

The moderating effect of age on the benefits of trait mindfulness and functional flexibility among salespeople

PurposeAlthough the benefits that individuals obtain from trait mindfulness and functional flexibility have been well documented in the research literature, one crucial gap is the lack of evidence clarifying whether trait mindfulness and functional flexibility might benefit all age groups. Using the moderating effect of age among salespeople, this research analyzes the effects of trait mindfulness and functional flexibility regarding sales performance based on the conservation of resource theory.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 227 salespeople across 120 companies located in Bangkok, Thailand. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThe analysis shows that the positive effect of trait mindfulness on sales performance is more substantial for older salespeople than their younger counterparts. Although the analysis shows that functional flexibility is positively associated with sales performance, the positive relationship is only supported for younger salespeople. For older salespeople, available flexibility does not positively affect sales performance.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, developing trait mindfulness and functional flexibility in salespeople could be a valuable area of focus for sales organizations' human capital development policies. Although the intervention to develop trait mindfulness could be provided to all salespeople, the functional flexibility enhancement component should be delivered specifically to younger salespeople who may experience more significant gains from the training.Originality/valueThe results address the gap in the existing research that lacked evidence as to whether trait mindfulness and functional flexibility similarly affect the work performance of older and younger people. In particular, this study offers new insight into how age differences influence the benefit of trait mindfulness and functional flexibility across different age groups of individuals.

New insight into decoupling carbon emissions from economic growth: Do financialization, human capital, and energy security risk matter?

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of persistent climate change and deteriorating environmental pressure, this study integrates financialization, human capital, and energy security risks to provide new insight into decoupling carbon emissions from economic growth. The study employs annual panel data on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries for the period of 1990–2019. The research employs the C‐S ARDL approach and the Tapio decoupling index to assess the decoupling status of the BRICS countries. In addition, this study applies the recently developed Juodis, Karavias, and Sarafidis Granger noncausality test for robustness. The findings offer compelling evidence of an inverted U‐shaped curve, aligning with the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Consequently, the results confirm the decoupling of carbon emissions in the BRICS nations. Furthermore, the Tapio decoupling elasticity index confirms different carbon decoupling statuses among the BRICS. The results show expansive negative decoupling for Brazil, weak decoupling for India and China, and strong decoupling for Russia and South Africa. In terms of policy, achieving strong decoupling status in the BRICS requires that financial institutions' lending and investing strategies align with environmental objectives. In addition, human capital development policies such as increased spending on education should be vigorously pursued to empower people to lead sustainable development projects.

Influence of the human development index, motorcycle growth and policy intervention on road traffic fatalities – A case study of Vietnam

Motorcycle ownership in Vietnam has increased exponentially during the last two decades. As a result, traffic congestion, emissions, and traffic safety have been on the rise. Of particular concern is the significant increase in the number of traffic accidents due to higher traffic volume that is stimulated by economic development and improved households’ economic mobility. During this time frame, many programs, such as traffic safety awareness campaign, have been developed and implemented by transportation agencies to reduce traffic fatalities. This study seeks to understand the long-term effect of policy intervention on traffic fatalities. This is accomplished by developing a log-linear regression model which the response variable is the number of traffic fatalities between 1990 and 2019 and the independent variables include Human Development Index (HDI), motorcycle ownership, and policy interventions. The model estimation results indicate that: (1) a higher degree of economic development (HDI) corresponds to lower traffic fatalities, (2) the motorcycle helmet law has lowered the number of annual traffic fatalities since its enactment, and (3) a higher number of motorcycle trips corresponds to a higher number of traffic fatalities. Based on this study’s findings, it is recommended that transportation agencies in Vietnam develop and promote an alternative transportation mode.

Economic Policies for Human Development: A Neglected Domain

Economic Policies for Human Development: A Neglected Domain

Economic and Social Policies for Human Development

ABSTRACT Economic and social policies of governments could improve or worsen the wellbeing of people, so that their impact on human development could be positive or negative. This article discusses the role, as well as the scope, of public policies for human development in the contemporary developing and industrialised worlds, buffeted by frequent global and local economic crises, including a health pandemic of unprecedented proportions, where mainstream economic policies have often been detrimental, rather than conducive, to advancing human wellbeing. The paper revisits the human development framework and anchors it in an interpretation of the capability approach that helps in delineating economic and social policy pathways to desirable outcomes. It argues that this is essential for an effective operationalisation of the approach to human development. Building on that, it explores the nature of economic and social policies that might constitute an appropriate policy-mix for advancing human development. In doing so, it recognises that, while human development problems in poor and rich countries are similar, the choices, sequencing and prioritisation of policies will inevitably be determined by the country-context and government-objectives. Given the context, it suggests that the framework of SDGs at the national level could enable a focus on human development objectives in the policy design and strategic response of countries.

Effect of Human Capital Development Policy on Staff Performance in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Limited (NNPCL)

The current study examines the Human Capital Development Policy as a tool for enhancing staff performance in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Limited. To achieve this purpose, several hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. For this purpose, several prior studies related to the variables were reviewed. A survey research design was adopted as a method to conduct this study. Precisely, a sample size of forty respondents was randomly selected for the assessment. A questionnaire method was used for the data collection, which was further analyzed by using regression analysis. The significance level of 0.05 was used for the statistical testing of hypotheses, which revealed the effect of policy implementation and employee job satisfaction in NNPCL. The Human Capital Development Policies and programs not only motivated the staff but also reflected better performance in the organization. Furthermore, this study recommended that Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Limited (NNPCL) should conduct a thorough analysis of the current state of Human Capital Development Policies to identify other areas that require improvement. This assessment should involve evaluating the existing and new policies and practices, identifying gaps, and measuring staff performance metrics. Additionally, it was indicated that should develop a comprehensive human capital development strategy that aligns with the company's goals. This strategy should include training and development programs, mentoring and coaching initiatives, and performance management processes.

Inclusivity between digital trade, human development, and environmental quality: moderating role of green innovations in BRICS countries

This research investigates the role of digital trade, human development, globalization, and green innovations on ecological footprints (EFP) for BRICS countries. Unlike the earlier studies, this research expands the empirical contribution while examining the moderating effect of green technologies on the relationship between stated explanatory variables and EFP. Initially, we testify the presence of cross-sectional dependence, unit root tests, cointegration, and slope heterogeneity and subsequently apply cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL) using annual data from 1995 to 2019. The empirical findings exhibit the significance of digital trade, human development, and green technology innovations in complementing low EFP in the long run. However, globalization tends to increase ecological footprints. Moreover, the findings in the short run provide a symmetrical (positive/negative) effect of stated explanatory variables on EFP; however, their marginal impact is lower. Additionally, the moderating effect of green technologies on the relationship between digital trade and EFP and between human development and EFP is significantly negative, supplementing the existing association. Therefore, an inclusive digital and human development policy is imperative to ensure sustainable ecology.

Human development in Vietnam: A systematic review

Human development in general and Vietnam, in general, is aimed at improving capacity and creating conditions for comprehensive human development, especially adding value to people in the standard of living, education, and health. This study is based on the principles, evaluation criteria, and human development data of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Research methods include analysis and synthesis, logic and history, synthesis and generalization, comparison and compare, and make statistics to analyze and evaluate the current human development situation in Vietnam. Research shows that economic growth in Vietnam has made a positive contribution to investment in human development in Vietnam, but the results of economic growth being "pervasive" to people are still limited. The study recommends that policymakers should develop policies for human development in Vietnam.

Regency Clusterization Based on Village Characteristics to Increase the Human Development Index (IPM) in Papua Province

Inequality in the Human Development Index (IPM) in Papua Province amid the disbursement of development funds needs to be studied adequately so that the policies and programs that have been planned can be more directed and on target. For this reason, research is needed that can map the priority needs of each district in Papua Province by identifying regional characteristics, namely villages. By using Cluster Analysis and Factor Analysis, the results of this research show that 4 district clusters in Papua Province were formed with different priority focuses on increasing the HDI. The main focus of the district HDI improvement priorities in Papua Province is divided into three through factor analysis: the infrastructure-telecommunication factor, the sanitation-economic factor, and the health-education factor. Each cluster is generally still dominated by districts with a low HDI category. The main obstacle to increasing HDI in Papua Province is the transportation and telecommunications infrastructure factor. Local governments are expected to be able to formulate human development programs and policies concerning the priority needs of each district as a result of this research.

Linking landscape dynamics to the relationship between water purification and soil retention

Landscape pattern is vital for supplying ecosystem services, and demonstrating the interactions among landscape dynamics and multiple ecosystem services is a key scientific basis for ecosystem management. As a typical ecologically vulnerable region in China, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) suffers from both severe soil loss and non-point pollution. Although many ecological restoration projects have been implemented to control sediment and pollutants into the reservoir, it is still unclear whether and how reforestation improves both soil retention and water quality. Therefore, we proposed a conceptual framework to couple landscape dynamics and multiple ecosystem services, in which drivers could directly affect two ecosystem services or indirectly affect them by affecting landscape dynamics. Ecological models were applied to assess water purification and soil retention, and spatial analysis tools were adopted to demonstrate their spatial relationship. Structural equation model documented the effect values of the conceptual framework, meanwhile, relative importance analysis reported the contributions of drivers to forest cover, water purification and soil retention. Our results showed that nitrogen loss and soil loss of the TGRA both decreased from 2001 to 2015, indicating an improvement in both water purification and soil retention. However, correlation analysis revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in their relationship, which may partly be explained by the district and county differences in human activities and development policies. Structural equation model documented the correlation coefficient between nitrogen loss and soil retention was −0.71. Relative importance of forest cover to the nitrogen loss was more than 50%, indicating that water purification could mainly be explained by the effect of forest cover on nitrogen loss. Annual precipitation contributed 26.9% to soil retention, and the overall contribution of climate conditions was 52.1%, which indicated the direct and indirect effects of climate conditions are both important for soil retention. Moreover, the landscape plannings of vegetation restoration were suggested for these key ecological zones in the TGRA to synergistically improve two ecosystem services.