Human Development Index Values Research Articles

Lung Cancer Screening-Trends and Current Studies.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among all the oncological diseases worldwide. This applies to both women and men; however, the incidence and mortality among women is on the rise. In 2020, lung cancer was responsible for 1.8 million deaths (18%). More than 90% of lung cancer cases and 77.1% of lung cancer deaths occur in countries with high and very high HDI (human development index) values. The aim of our study is to the present trends and most recent studies aimed at lung cancer screening. In the face of the persistently high mortality rate, conducting research aimed at extending already-implemented diagnostic algorithms and behavioural interventions focused on smoking cessation is recommended.

Social Media Use of National Libraries: A Content Analysis Specific to Instagram

Europe’s top five most developed countries and five developing countries were determined based on the Human Development Index. The national libraries of these countries and the Instagram accounts of the National Library of the Presidency of Türkiye were examined, and content analysis was performed. Within the scope of content analysis, general views, post types, interaction data, purpose of sharing, narrative format of the content, personal values in the content, visual content, and message association themes were discussed. This study aims to reveal how national libraries use Instagram posts to interact with their target audiences. Within the scope of the study, Instagram posts shared by national libraries were analyzed through content analysis using the ReCall program. The findings showed that national libraries focus more on rational content and emphasize posts that highlight rootedness and nationalism rather than the goal of communicating with the masses or mobilizing users. It was also found that the posts of national libraries differed according to their Human Development Index values. In countries with a high Human Development Index, information and arts-related messages were more prominent, while in other countries, promotional and event-related content was more dominant.

Pemodelan Regresi Global (Glm) dan Regresi Spasial (Sar Dan Sdm) Pada Kasus Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a parameter that functions to assess the success of the quality of human life. The factors used in the research are the severity of poverty, population density and net participation rate. The research carried out aims to see what factors influence the HDI in South Kalimantan Province in 2022, the HDI value for South Kalimantan Province is below the Indonesian HDI value and quite a few regencies/cities in South Kalimantan Province have HDI values below the HDI value. Indonesia. The statistical analysis used is a spatial approach, where the SAR and HR spatial regression models will be searched. The Global Regression Model (GLM) obtained in this study is , while the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model is and Spatial Durbin Model is The best model that can be obtained is the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) with an AIC value of 52,82654 and an value of 95,86%.

Global epidemiological comparison of Streptococcus pyogenes emm-types associated with pharyngitis and pharyngeal carriage

ObjectivesTo test the prevailing dogma that Streptococcus pyogenes emm-types that cause pharyngitis are the same as those associated with the carriage, using a global dataset. MethodsDrawing on our systematic review of the global distribution of S. pyogenes emm-types and emm-clusters from 1990 to 2023, we compared the distribution and diversity of strains associated with pharyngitis and pharyngeal carriage, in the context of local United Nations Development Programme Human Development Index (HDI) values. ResultsWe included 20 222 isolates from 71 studies done in 34 countries, with the vast majority of carriage strain data from studies in ‘Low HDI’ settings (550/1293; 43%). There was higher emm-type diversity for carriage than pharyngitis strains (Simpson Reciprocal Index of diversity 28.9 vs. 11.4). Compared with pharyngitis strains, carriage emm-types were disproportionately from emm-clusters E and D, usually described as ‘generalist’ or ‘skin’ strains. DiscussionA limited number of studies have compared S. pyogenes strains from cases of pharyngitis compared with carriage. Our understanding of strains associated with carriage is the poorest for high-income settings. In low and medium HDI countries, we found greater strain associated with pharyngeal carriage than pharyngitis. Improving our understanding of S. pyogenes carriage epidemiology in the pre-vaccine era will help to decipher the direct and potential indirect effects of vaccines.

Influencing factors for the human development index in West Java using geographically and temporally weighted regression kernel functions

Human Development Index (HDI) is a competitive index that serves as one of the crucial metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of enhancing the quality of human resources. HDI values from different areas can be compared. This study aims to spatially and temporally explore the HDI data from districts or cities in West Java and examine the factors that influence HDI in each of these districts or cities using the GTWR Great Circle Distance Fixed Kernels model. In this study, we used a combination of cross-sectional data from districts or cities in West Java and time series data with seven annual periods from 2015-2021. The GTWR Great Circle Distance Fixed Kernels model was expected to display coefficient values at each location and time simultaneously, providing more in-depth information and analysis results at each location and time. The analysis results using the GTWR Great Circle Distance Fixed Kernels model show that HDI in West Java carries a positive influence on the location and time. This finding should be of particular concern to the relevant government, particularly the factors presenting a natural effect on HDI based on location and time. The positive influence obtained by an area at a particular time will also have a positive impact on other regions, and if there is a negative influence, it will undoubtedly affect other regions as well. Analysis of the HDI model in West Java using the GTWR Great Circle Distance Fixed Exponential Kernel model also presents better results in comparison to the Global OLS model and the GTWR model without the Great Circle Fixed Exponential Kernel. The final parameter estimator results are displayed in the form of a geographic map to facilitate ease of understanding.

The role of centre and country factors on process and outcome indicators in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections

PurposeThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between centre/country-based factors and two important process and outcome indicators in patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSI).MethodsWe used data on HABSI from the prospective EUROBACT-2 study to evaluate the associations between centre/country factors on a process or an outcome indicator: adequacy of antimicrobial therapy within the first 24 h or 28-day mortality, respectively. Mixed logistical models with clustering by centre identified factors associated with both indicators.ResultsTwo thousand two hundred nine patients from two hundred one intensive care units (ICUs) were included in forty-seven countries. Overall, 51% (n = 1128) of patients received an adequate antimicrobial therapy and the 28-day mortality was 38% (n = 839). The availability of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for aminoglycosides everyday [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–2.14] or within a few hours (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.34–2.38), surveillance cultures for multidrug-resistant organism carriage performed weekly (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09–1.93), and increasing Human Development Index (HDI) values were associated with adequate antimicrobial therapy. The presence of intermediate care beds (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.84), TDM for aminoglycoside available everyday (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–1.00) or within a few hours (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37–0.70), 24/7 consultation of clinical pharmacists (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.95), percentage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) between 10% and 25% in the ICU (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.00–2.80), and decreasing HDI values were associated with 28-day mortality.ConclusionCentre/country factors should be targeted for future interventions to improve management strategies and outcome of HABSI in ICU patients.

Classification of Java Cities/Regencies Based on Human Development Index Using Discriminant Analysis and Naïve Bayes Classifier

Aims: This research aims at grouping of cities/regencies on the island of Java, where the central government as well as the most densely populated island in Indonesia, using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC).
 Study Design: Quantitative design.
 Place and Duration of Study: Sample: The data used in this study is secondary data from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS) regarding the 2022 Human Development Index (HDI) from 119 cities/regencies on the island of Java. The data used are four HDI indicators as independent variables (long and healthy living, knowledge, and the dimensions of decent living standards) and the HDI value as the dependent variable.
 Methodology: The grouping was carried out using LDA and NBC. LDA is a type of multivariate analysis used in the dependency method where the relationship between variables can be distinguished between the independent variable and the dependent variable. It aims at obtaining discriminant function equations to group cases into certain groups and to determine differences between groups based on independent variables. Meanwhile, the NBC method is a simple probability-based prediction technique based on the application of Bayes' theorem (Bayes' rule) with a strong assumption of independence.
 Results: Both LDA and NBC can be used for prediction and classification. Based on the results of the discriminant analysis, three discriminant functions were formed to group cities/regencies on the island of Java into three HDI groups. In the NBC analysis, the prior probability value for the very high category HDI group was 0.211, the high category HDI group was 0.606, and the medium category HDI group was 0.183. The research results show that LDA is better than the NBC for grouping cities/regencies based on the 2022 HDI indicators with an accuracy rate of 72.92%. Meanwhile, the NBC analysis only provides an accuracy of 64.58%. Three discriminant functions have been obtained to group cities/regencies on the island of Java based on the largest discriminant score where life expectancy makes the largest contribution in distinguishing each group.
 Conclusion: As a result, in this case LDA is a better classification method than the NBC. It is also of important to note medium class regions for further actions from stakeholders.

Sustainability analysis of socio-economic aspects of fishermen’s communities reviewed from the human development index in Dumai City

Dumai City is one of the cities in Riau Province, Indonesia, located in the coastal area. As an industrial and trade city, the fisheries sector in Dumai City is under intense pressure due to this marine activity. On the other hand, Dumai City has the second highest Human Development Index (HDI) value in Riau Province after Pekanbaru City. The high HDI status of Dumai City makes it attractive to study whether it is directly proportional to the HDI value of the fishermen community and its socioeconomic sustainability status. The survey method was used in this study. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of Dumai City’s fisheries from social and economic aspects by considering HDI indicators in health, education, and economic aspects. This study uses two analysis methods: the calculation of HDI and sustainability status using Rapfish. The HDI value of the Dumai City fishermen community is 69,35. These results show that the condition of the Dumai fishermen community is still relatively low when measured by the HDI indicator. If examined based on sustainability analysis, the social and economic aspects of the Dumai City fishermen community are 39,56, with a less sustainable status.

Status of Human Development Index with Reference to Nepal

This paper is based on ‘the status of Human Development Index (HDI)’ since 1990 to 2022. Even though the term "human development" is frequently used, its meaning varies depending on the region. The first time Human Development Report (HDR) was introduced in 1990s and new approach and indices for advancing human flourishing in the different time interval. The main purpose of this paper is to track the trends in national human development indices and to observe the circumstances surrounding human development. Primary source of secondary data used for meta-analysis of human development reports and related materials. The HDR emphases on a distinct issue that effect on measuring the multi-dimensional human development. HDI is getting popular to measure the development of a country with related to socio-economic status. It combines three critical indicators namely; education, life expectancy and standard of living. Nepal’s HDI position is 143rd ranked, among 191 countries in 2021. HDI reports shows in 2022 puts the 0.602 value. So, Nepal is Medium human development category. Between 1990 and 2022, Nepal's HDI value changed from 0.399 to 0.602, a change of 50.9 percent. Bagmati province scores the highest HDI value with (0.669) and Kathmandu valley has the highest HDI score with 0.622 values. In comparison with rural areas, urban regions have a higher score, but the gap narrows for the rural areas. So, the Nepalese’s Human Development Indicators are increasing trends.

Calculation of Human Development Index Values Using Turkish Provinces and Human Development Evaluation of Turkey

Çalışmanın ana amacı, Türkiye’de iller bazında İnsani Gelişim Endeksi(İGE)’nin hesaplanması ve Türkiye’nin iller bazında İGE açısından 2022 yılında bulunduğu konumun belirlenmesidir. Ülkeler için gelişim veya gelişmişlik kavramı, 1950’den 1970’li yıllara kadar sadece ekonomik boyutla ölçülmüştür. Ancak gelişimin sadece ekonomik açıdan ölçülmesinin çok kısıtlı düzeyde kalacağı açıktır. Gelişim kavramı, insanların sağlıklı, mutlu, huzurlu ve iyi bir ortamda yaşaması olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Gelişim, ülkedeki gelir artışı dışında, kültürel, sosyal ve siyasi değişimleri de ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2022 verileriyle hesaplanan İGE’nde, Türkiye’nin iller bazında konumuna ilişkin bilgiler içermektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada, Türkiye’deki her bir il için İGE değerleri hesaplanması ve şehirlerin sınıflandırılması çalışmada literatüre yapılan bir başka katkıdır. Çalışmada İGE hesaplamasında, eğitim boyutunda yapılan hesaplamalar da ana endeks değişkenlerine iller bazında ulaşamadığından farklılaşmıştır. Yapılan formülizasyona çalışmanın yöntem boyutunda yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca İGE her bir alt boyutuna ilişkin iller bazında değerlendirmelere de çalışmada yer verilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Türkiye’de en yüksek insani gelişime sahip olan iller sırasıyla Kocaeli, Ankara, İstanbul olurken, en düşük insani gelişime sahip olan iller sırasıyla Ağrı, Şanlıurfa ve Van olarak bulunmuştur. Türkiye’de bulunan 81 ilden 20’si çok yüksek insani gelişime sahip, 59’u yüksek insani gelişime sahip ve 1’i düşük insani gelişime sahip olarak sınıflandırılmıştır.

UNVEILING THE HIDDEN LINK: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND VOTER TURNOUT IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN

The province of Balochistan in Pakistan provides an intriguing opportunity to analyze the complex correlation between human development and voter engagement. This study aims to determine if there is a direct relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and voter turnout in Balochistan. The study utilizes a quantitative research approach, analyzing data from the Human Development Index (HDI) and voter participation records for districts in Balochistan, Pakistan. The HDI data was acquired from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), whilst the voter turnout data was gathered from the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). The study's findings indicate no direct correlation between HDI and voter turnout. Some districts with low Human Development Index (HDI) values have a high voter turnout, whereas, on the other hand, certain districts with high HDI values have a low voter turnout. These findings indicate that other factors beyond HDI substantially influence voter turnout in Balochistan. Further research would be helpful to thoroughly understand the intricate relationship between HDI and voter turnout in Balochistan. These research efforts have the potential to find strategies that can increase voter turnout in the province.

Correlation of Human Development Index (HDI) of the Parents with Learning Quality of Graduate Students

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) created the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite metric for health, education and income, which measures a nation’s degree of human development. The prime aim of this study is to correlate the human development index values of the parents with the learning quality of the graduate students in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. For this research, the descriptive survey method is used to collect data from 117 graduate students in Uttar Pradesh and 115 from Madhya Pradesh using random sampling. The human development tool is used to collect the data and results showed the non-significant difference between HDI value of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh but there is a positive correlation (0.947) between the HDI values and learning quality of the graduate students of the two states.

The Effect of Government Expenditure on Education, Health and Road Infrastructure Sector on Human Development Index in Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Human development in East Java continues to grow, one of which is Kabupaten Sidoarjo. The Kabupaten Sidoarjo Human Development Index (HDI) in 2021 is ranked 4th in East Java. The Human Development Index in Kabupaten Sidoarjo has experienced a good increase every year. With this increase, a study was conducted that aims to determine and analyze the effect of government spending in the education, health and infrastructure sectors on the human development index in Kabupaten Sidoarjo. This research was conducted in Kabupaten Sidoarjo by collecting and processing periodic human development index data from 2011-2022 (12 years). The approach is done using descriptive quantitative. For data analysis methods using classical assumption tests, regression analysis and hypothesis testing. From the results obtained that government spending in the education and health sectors has a significant effect and a positive relationship while the infrastructure sector has no significant and positive effect on the value of HDI in Kabupaten Sidoarjo in 2011-2022.

Data-Driven Modeling of Human Development Index in Eastern Indonesia's Region Using Gaussian Techniques Empowered by Machine Learning

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical measure used to measure and evaluate the progress and quality of human life in a country. For the Government of Indonesia, HDI is important because it is used to create or develop effective policies and programs. In addition, HDI is also used as one of the allocators in determining the General Allocation Fund. The 2022 HDI data released by BPS shows that there has been an increase in the HDI in each district/city over the last 12 years, including in the regions of Eastern Indonesia. High and low HDI values are influenced by several factors, and there are indications that there is spatial diversity where surrounding areas tend to have HDI levels that are not far from the area. The Geographically Weighted Regression method is used in this study because it takes into account spatial aspects. However, the GWR model must be built repeatedly if there is regional expansion. Therefore, a GWR model that applies machine learning methods is needed where the model is built and tested using different datasets, namely training data and test data, so that the model can predict new data better. The results obtained are that the GWR model with test data has a better R-Square value when compared to the GWR model previously trained using training data, which is 0.9946702, based on the linear regression model shows the results that the most influential factor on HDI in Eastern Indonesia is expected years of schooling (X2).

Macroeconomics, human development and political stability: evidence from OIC countries

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables on the Human Development Index (HDI) in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries with political stability as the moderating variable. The GMM (Generalized Method Moment) dynamic panel and the MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis) will be used for determining the type of moderation needed as analysis techniques. In the first section, the findings state that inflation and unemployment have no effect on HDI, This is due to the fact that inflation and unemployment are very dependent on global economic fluctuation. Meanwhile, trade openness has a significant positive effect on HDI and foreign direct investment has a significant negative effect on HDI. This can add to the evidence that a high level of trade openness can support HDI values in OIC countries. Trade Openness can strengthen the economy, education, and health simultaneously by increasing prosperity through increased demand, supply, and services in numerous sectors. Secondly, the value of the moderator variable (political stability) on the relationship between unemployment and HDI demonstrates that political stability acts as a "Quasi Moderator" which means that political instability can exacerbate the negative influence of unemployment on HDI in OIC countries. This research has implications for the importance of cooperation between OIC countries in various fields, especially in increasing trade, investment, job creation and good governance to support the expansion of human development in OIC nations and to build sustainable prosperity.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH EXPENDITURES: EVIDENCE FROM THE DRISCOLL-KRAAY ESTIMATOR

In this study employing panel data methods, it was aimed to econometrically test the relationship between human development and health expenditures in 25 OECD countries using data from the 2003-2019 period. For this purpose, in the econometric model established, the Human Development Index is included as the dependent variable to represent human development, while public health expenditures and household voluntary health expenditures are included as independent variables to represent health expenditures. The results of the empirical analyses indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship between health expenditures and human development. Accordingly, considering the overall panel based on the aforementioned period and group of countries, it is concluded that a 1 unit increase in public health expenditures increases the Human Development Index value by 0.11 units. Similarly, it was observed that a 1 unit increase in household voluntary health expenditures also increases the Human Development Index value by 0.03 units. Therefore, it is concluded that increases in investments in health, both by the public sector and at the household level, and thus the increase in health expenditures, will support human development in this group of countries.

Unlocking the Digital Potential: A Comprehensive Analysis of Creative Economy

Objective – This study seeks to comprehensively analyze the determinants influencing the digitalization process within the creative economy subsectors in the Southern Sumatra region, with particular emphasis on Jambi City and Pangkal Pinang City. Additionally, it aims to assess policies and offer recommendations for sustaining digitalization initiatives within the creative economy sub-sector, particularly through the Digital Entrepreneurship Academy, to bolster long-term digital economic growth, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology – The research employs a quantitative analysis approach, specifically employing panel data regression techniques. The dataset encompasses both primary and secondary sources. Primary data is derived from a meticulously conducted survey that involved the distribution of structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs who have participated in the Digital Entrepreneurship Academy programs in Jambi City and Pangkal Pinang City. Findings – The analysis indicates a positive correlation between population growth and the Human Development Index (HDI), signifying that an increase in population corresponds to an enhancement in HDI. Moreover, Our findings reveal a significant negative relationship between the presence of SMEs and HDI. Novelty – This suggests that regions with a higher concentration of SMEs, characterized by potentially lower adherence to legal frameworks and lesser developmental efforts, tend to exhibit lower HDI values. In alignment with established scholarly research, a larger labor force positively influences HDI, underscoring the role of workforce magnitude in bolstering human development. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: L53, M21 Keywords: Digital, Creative Economy, Digital Entrepreneurship Academy, Southern Sumatra Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Umiyati, E; Zevaya, F; Syaparuddin. (2023). Unlocking the Digital Potential: A Comprehensive Analysis of Creative Economy, J. Bus. Econ. Review, 8(2), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2023.8.2(1)

PERBANDINGAN GULUD REGRESSION DAN PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION (PCR) TERHADAP PEMODELAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

Human resources is valuable asset in a country. Human Development Index (HDI) becomes important indicator of quality of human resources in an area. HDI value is affected by a variety of factors that are strongly related to each other so they cause multicollinearity. This observation aims to deal with multicollinearity optimally by comparing Gulud Regression to Component Regression in modeling factors that affect East Java HDI in 2020. Data that are used in this observation are East Java HDI in 2020 (Y), Life Expectancy (X1), Infant Mortality Rate (X2), Mean Years of Schooling (X3), Expected Years of Schooling (X4), Open-Unemployment Rate (X5), Average Household Expenditure per Capita (X6), and Labor Force Participation Rate (X7). Based on MSE value, the Gulud Regression method is better than Principal Component Regression (PCR) method in dealing with multicollinearity problem. Based on adjusted score that is 0,954, feasibility test of the best model of Gulud Regression method is a strong model.

Pengaruh Zakat Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Studi Kasus Pada BAZNAS Provinsi Bengkulu)

In accordance with Law Number 23 of 2011 concerning Zakat, that the role of BAZNAS in collecting and distributing zakat is quite dominant, as an extension of the government, BAZNAS must be able to carry out its duties optimally so that the distribution of zakat can be right on target and zakat itself can have a positive effect on society especially for the mustahik This study aims to analyze the zakat utilization program carried out by BAZNAS Bengkulu Province and its impact on the life of mustahik, both in terms of changes in the post-zakat distribution of compulsory income, as well as in terms of the HDI value. By using the t-statistical calculation method, individual-level human development index (HDI), primary and secondary data were taken. The sample selection was carried out using the purposive sampling method (deliberately), which is the procedure of selecting samples based on the consideration of suitable characteristics related to the samples needed to answer the research objectives with a sample size of 150 mustahiks scattered throughout the cities and regencies in Bengkulu Province.

Gender Disparities in the Global Burden of Refractive Disorders in Children: An Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

To investigate gender disparities in the global burden of refractive disorders in children younger than 15 years by year, age, and national developmental status using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Global, regional, and national gender-specific DALY numbers and rates of refractive disorders in children were obtained by year (from 1990 to 2019) and age group (0 to 4, 5 to 9, and 10 to 14 years) from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Data from the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index in 2019 as an indicator of national developmental status were extracted from the Human Development Report. Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to explore the association between female-to-male DALY rate ratios and national developmental status. Gender disparities in DALY numbers and rates of refractive disorders in children have persisted and shown little improvement from 1990 to 2019. Girls had a higher burden than boys of the same age, and gender disparities increased with age (1.120 in preschool children aged 0 to 4 years, 1.124 in younger school-aged children aged 5 to 9 years, and 1.135 in older school-aged children aged 10 to 14 years). Female-to-male DALY rate ratios were negatively related to Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index values (standardized b = -0.189, P < .05). Gender disparities in the global burden of refractive disorders in children have persisted for decades, with girls who are older and from lower-income countries having a higher burden than boys. Gender-specific health policies should be made to manage refractive disorders in children. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2024;61(1):51-58.].