Human Development Index Index Research Articles

Evaluation of the development level of provinces by grey cluster analysis

Only economic indicators are not sufficient to determine the level of development in a country. In many countries with high levels of welfare, the failure to resolve social constraints has shown that for the indication of the development of that country indicators are needed. Various global indices are used to determine the level of development of the countries. One of the indices published by the United Nations Development Program is the Human Development Index (HDI). This index is used to measure development by taking into account income, education and health indicators. In this study, the provinces in Turkey were grouped according to their level of development using the HDI index. In this context, a grey clustering analysis was used to group similar provinces. The research data taken from TUIK for 81 provinces are divided into three clusters according to their level of development from high to weak and marked by the different colors on the map of Turkey. In addition, it is analyzed if there is a correlation between the life satisfaction of provinces and the obtained grey clusters. The results of the study can be used in determining plans and policies for the purposes of raising welfare, reducing development differences between the provinces, thus increasing the welfare of the population life level and conditions in the underdeveloped provinces.

Effect of human development index on tuberculosis incidence in Asia: An ecological study

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health concern and is one of the main reasons responsible for the death of people by infectious diseases. We conducted this study to investigate the effect of human development index (HDI) on the incidence of TB in Asia. Methods: This ecological study was conducted in Asia to evaluate the correlation between the incidence of TB and HDI (life expectancy at birth, years of education mean and gross national income per capita). Data on TB from 2000 to 2016 were obtained from the World Bank Institution. The bivariate method and regression test were used to evaluate the correlation between incidence and mortality with HDI. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata-14, and the significance level was considered 0.05. Results: In the recent years, the most occurrence of this disease in Eastern Asia is reported in Democratic Republic of Korea (513 persons/100,000), South-Eastern Asia in Philippines (520–590 persons/100,000), Cambodia (345–575 persons/100,000) and Timor-Leste (498 persons/100,000). A significant negative correlation was found between the incidence of TB and the HDI index in South Eastern (R = −0.609,P

A Multicriteria Approach to the Human Development Index Classification

This paper proposes a new Human Development Index (HDI) classification method using as a basis the same dimensions and weights used by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), however, avoiding the compensatory effect and misclassification that can occur when UNDP approach is applied. The proposed approach also allows working with any set of dimensions and weights. The classification was performed by the Elimination Et Choix Traidusaint la Realite (ELECTRE TRI), a multicriteria method, in which classes were defined with the visual aid of a non-parametrically tool, the Kernel Density Estimation and the class profiles were calculated by the Jenks Natural Breaks algorithm. The proposed classification method achieved better results than the one adopted by the UNDP, because the countries could be classified accurately in their natural classes without occurring the compensation effect. However, when comparing with the HDI index we have obtained an accuracy of 76.60% for the first proposed model and 78.72% for the second one. Our proposal purely used the same dimensions and weights adopted by UNDP. The proposed method is more robust, closer to reality and can eliminate the compensatory effect between dimensions, thus it can provide more credibility to the HDI. The combination of the ELECTRE TRI method with statistical tools to define classes and class profiles for the HDI is unprecedented in the literature.

A multicriterial analysis of national competitiveness: Evidences for a resilient economy

This article is structured in three parts, as follows: In the first part, we summarized the different approaches of national competitiveness in the literature on the economic performance assessment, using specific indexes: Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), Ecological Performance Index (EPI), and Human Development Index (HDI), highlighting their advantages and limitations. These variables were analyzed ante-crisis and ex-crisis, assuming that the economic recession could generate some effects. Data sources are presented at the beginning of the 'Results and discussion' paragraph. Considering the diversity of the issues and the inhomogeneity of data describing those issues, GDP was used along with the four composite indicators: GCI, EPI, HDI, and Economic Resilience Index (ERI). The third part presents the main findings and their implications. Thus, a downward trend of the evolution of Romania's economic resilience index during 2008-2014 was observed. This decline appears to be due largely to the decrease in Social development sub-index and in Governance sub-index. The low level of the Romanian economy resilience is mainly explained by the low level of competitiveness and productivity of production factors. The obtained outcomes suggest that in addition to national competitiveness assessing, ERI evaluation is important because it can reveal the hidden sources of vulnerability of the economy to external shocks.

Optimisation of PV-wind-diesel-battery stand-alone systems to minimise cost and maximise human development index and job creation

In this paper we show a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) for the optimisation of stand-alone (off-grid) hybrid systems (photovoltaic-wind-diesel-battery) to minimise total net present cost (NPC) and maximise human development index (HDI) and job creation (JC). Optimisation of this kind of system is usually performed considering only the minimisation of cost (NPC or the levelised cost of energy), as well as the emissions and the unmet load in some cases. In this paper, for the first time, we consider the maximisation of HDI and JC as part of optimisation. HDI depends on the consumption of electricity, so the extra energy that can supply the hybrid system can improve the HDI index. JC is different for each technology, obtaining different values for each combination of components in the system. The three objectives are often opposed, so a Pareto-optimisation MOEA is a good option to obtain a set of possible solutions in which no solution is better than another one for all three objectives (optimal Pareto set). We provide an example in the optimisation of a hybrid system to supply electricity to a small community in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf.

National age standardized rate (ASR) of uterine corpus cancer (CC) correlates with Human Development Index (HDI), analysis of data from 154 countries

Objectives: To describe the associations between national CC incidence, HDI, and mean body mass index (BMI).

Between Sharia Maqasid Index and Human Development Index: Which One Is Happier?

This research aims to find a more precise composite measurement format (index) in quantifying the ultimate achievement of human existence, which is happiness, in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Up until now, Human Development Index (HDI) is considered to be sufficiently representing the measure of human well-being. However, Easterlin (1974) argues that higher welfare does not always imply to higher happiness. Blanchflower and Oswald (2005) prove the statement of Easterlin (1974) by demonstrating the paradox between HDI level and happiness in Australia. Further, the measure of HDI is said to be less representative in reflecting happiness as it has not yet incorporated the element of religiosity. Thus, several of the new composite measures of well-being in Muslim countries have been proposed, one of them is Sharia Maqasid Index constructed by Ali and Hasan (2014). This research attempts to make a comparison between HDI and Sharia Maqasid Index and to decide which of the two indices gives the best measure of human happiness. The authors employ Ordered Logit method and use data taken from World Value Survey along the period of 1999-2009 to measure happiness as in Leigh and Wolfers (2006), as well as to measure Sharia Maqasid Index as in Ali and Hasan (2014). Findings of this research can benefit the government of OIC countries to determine a more precise index as a benchmark to set more appropriate public policies.

The Human Development Index and Its Methodological Refinements

The human development index (HDI), which portrays a simple characterisation of the development process by considering achievements in health, education and standard of living, is popularly used as the summary indicator of well being in comparative analysis of nations. However, the index as a measure has not remained free from criticisms on computational methodology and choice of indicators. Several methodological changes were undertaken in the twentieth anniversary edition of HDI in 2010. The purpose of this note is to review the revision in methods and point out what needs to be done further to improve quality of the HDI index.

FRI0082 In Addition to Individual Demographic and Clinical Measures, Levels of Fatigue Are Dependent on Country of Residence. An Analysis among 3920 Patients from 17 Countries (The Comora Study)

BackgroundFor patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fatigue is an important aspect of disease which impacts quality of life. However the complex relationship between fatigue and either disease-related or external factors...

Factors Affecting Malnutrition in Developing Countries: A Linear Mixed Model Approach

Abstract The main objective of this study is to pinpoint the main factors that affect the percentage who suffers of malnutrition in developing countries. Three locations are randomly chosen: Asia, Africa, and Middle east and North Africa ( MENA); A total of 96 countries were chosen randomly from 137 developing countries of the three locations; and were cross classified by and Human Development Index (HDI) as high, middle, and low (UNDP, 2005). Data for the study was compiled from FAO (2005). The analysis started with seven explanatory variables and the dependent variable; however, stepwise regression reveals that the Protein intake and Infant mortality rate were the only two significant variables. and are dummy coded and OLS regression is performed using the two significant variables, but the only significant variable was the average protein intake. OLS multiple regression Model is re-applied to the data using dummy variables technique with interaction with the average Protein intake, nine regression equations were reached. The Linear Mixed effect Models are also applied, using as the random factor and as the fixed factor. Five models were applied: (1) a null model (baseline model)where no predictors are introduced to the model; (2) the fixed model: where predictors used are the covariate and the HDI; (3) the random model: where predictors used are the covariate and Location ; (4) the mixed model: where predictors used are the covariate and the HDI I ( fixed) and the location( random); and (5) the random coefficient model: where predictors used are the covariate , the HDI Index and the location but produces different prediction equations that differ in slopes and intercepts. Models are compared based on information criterions. The random coefficient model produces the least criterion values and thus fits better than all previous ones. A comparison between the Random Coefficient model results and GLM model is made, and conclusions are reached.