Human Development Index In Indonesia Research Articles

Effect of Poverty and Economic Growth on Indonesia Human Development Index

Human development is defined as a process for enlarging people's choices, the Human Development Index is a benchmark of human development achievement based on a number of basic components of the quality of life of IPM is built through a basic three-dimensional approach that is 1). Dimensions of longevity and healthy life (a long and healthy life), 2). Knowledge and 3). Decent standard living, through the improvement of these three indicators is expected to increase the quality of human life due to individual heterogeneity, geographical disparity and societal conditions vary so that the level of income is no longer the main benchmark in calculating the success rate of development and success, poverty is a condition that is below the minimum standard of needs, both for food and non-food items called the poverty line or poverty threshold, the poverty rate and economic growth have a significant effect on the Index Human Development in Indonesia and economic growth have an influence on the Human Development Index in Indonesia

Nonparametric truncated spline regression model on the data of human development index (HDI) in indonesia

The standard measurement for country’s human development is Human Development Index (HDI). Several factors allegedly affect it, such as life expectancy, gross domestic regional product (GDRP), the number of poor people, and the percentage of an illeterate people. If the HDI’s data and those factors is plotted, then the plot do not form a specific pattern, so the HDI’s data can be applied with nonparametric truncated spline regression model. The best of nonparametric truncated spline regression model is influenced by the order and knot points selection. In this article, nonparametric truncated spline regression model on the data of HDI in Indonesia is applied at first order with 3,4 and 5 knot points. Based on the result, the best nonparametric truncated spline regression model on the data of HDI in Indonesia is obtained by the combination of 5-5-5-4 knot points. There were 2 of 4 allegedly factors significant to HDI in Indonesia based on parameter significance test followed in this research.

Triple reproduction analysis of economy, social, and environment in Indonesia: a simultaneous panel data analysis using EC2SLS

In the last few years, Indonesia’s economic growth has been slowing down. In 2011, Indonesia’s economic growth was 6,16%, but in 2014 it decreased to 5,2%. However, Indonesia’s economic growth is still positive compared to other countries. A region with high economic growth should have good environmental and social conditions. Good social conditions can be reflected through the Human Development Index (HDI) as reflection of actual well-being of the population. However, some regions in Indonesia have an unbalance system on economic growth and their social and environmental conditions. For example, during 2011-2014, DKI Jakarta has economic growth and HDI which tends to be high but has the lowest Environmental Quality Index (EQI), compared to other regions. It becomes a problem because high economic conditions should be supported by social and environmental conditions in order to achieve a sustainable economic system. To build a sustainable economic system, it is necessary to balance among the economic, social, and environment factors. The balance system among these factors can be explained by Triple Reproduction Theory which consists of three subsystems, namely reproduction of the economy, humans, and natural environment. Therefore, this study aims to see relationship among these three factors in 33 provinces in Indonesia, from 2011 to 2014. Using simultaneous panel data analysis using EC2SLS method, the results are: 1) There is a simultaneous relationship between economic growth and EQI in Indonesia, 2) There is simultaneous relationship between HDI and EQI in Indonesia, 3) There is no significantly relationship between economic growth and HDI in Indonesia, 4) Population density proved to have an effect on EQI in Indonesia.

The effect of employment, economic growth, and investment on HDI: In provinces in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of Number of Working People (Employment), Economic Growth Rate (EGR), and Investment on Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia, partially and simultaneously. This study used investments consisting of Domestic Investment (DI) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). It used the method of analysis of panel data regression analysis with the data from thirty-three provinces in Indonesia from 2006 to 2013. The results indicate that the employment variables have positive and significant impact to HDI in Indonesia. It shows that EGR does not affect HDI in Indonesia. However, Domestic and foreign direct investments partially have positive and significant effect on HDI in Indonesia. Simultaneously, the variables employment, EGR, domestic and foreign direct investments have a significant effect on the HDI in Indonesia.

The Efficiency in Education Expenditure and Relationship to Human Development Index in Indonesia

This paper purposed to assess the public spending efficiency in education in each province over Indonesia. The government increase the education spending to improve the quality of education and hopefully impact on human capital skills. This action aligns to national law no 23/2003, as the constitutional amendment in 2009, government required to allocate 20% of total spending on education purpose. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-Variable Return to Scale is used as a tool to measure the input variable-expenditures in education to have output in education area. This study also investigated the relationship of the education output and Human capital Index.

Rowing the Weaves of Community Participation

This paper describes the rural community participation within the context of an integrated early childhood development program initiated by the government of Indonesia in partnership with UNICEF and AusAID in Central Lombok (2008 – 2010). Based on purposive interviews with relevant stakeholders, as well as an analysis of past documents, researchers' involvement, and current policies and practices, both at the local government and rural community levels, the paper draws key good practices for possible application in other similar programs for rural settings. Central Lombok is situated in West Nusa Tenggara Province, which according to the National Statistics Bureau’s 2010 Report, holds the lowest Human Development Index in Indonesia. Among ten districts within the province, Central Lombok has the third lowest index. Rural population, which accounts for more than half of the total district population, contributes to this overall low quality of human development. Over the past five years, rigorous development programs including early childhood education and health have been directed towards rural areas, both in land and around the coasts. The integrated early childhood development partnership targeted a far-south coastal area called Kuta, which the local government endeavours to transform into a major tourism destination. The partnership program sought to empower early childhood health centres by inserting early childhood education programs for toddlers and their parents. The centres were established by the District Health Office, but irregular DHO’s follow up support and lack of community’s engagement had caused most centres to a non-functioning status. Throughout the life of the program, community participation was progressively placed at the centre of implementation and monitoring. The partnership drew three key good practices that enabled program ownership and sustainability. The first good practice was rigorous investment in grass root leadership through participatory selection, training, close mentoring, and small incentive scheme. The second good practice was formation of a sub-village cluster system that answered the issues related to distance and unavailability of public transport, and in turn allowed non-costly and more intensive community engagement. The third good practice was facilitating the establishment of a micro cooperative that generated income for the centres’ stakeholders, and provided financial support for centres’ daily operation. Today, two years after the partnership program concluded, the centres owned fully by the community continue to serve the children of Kuta. Beyond that, District Health and Education Offices have worked together to replicate some components of the program to other rural areas in Central Lombok.