Human-computer Interaction Design Research Articles

Matching Interaction Design Principles and Integrated Navigation Systems in an Electronic Classroom

This article deals with cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary virtual engagement aimed to match human-computer interaction design principles and contemporary integrated navigation information systems. As interaction design principles ten general principles - heuristics are used, and as examples of contemporary navigation information systems, chart Radio Detection (or Direction) and Ranging (RADAR) device and Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) are used. This cross-disciplinary research has been achieved through a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) project by Durban University of Technology (DUT) in South Africa and University of Colima (UoC) in Mexico. Namely, the students from both sides guided by their lecturers have been engaged in analyzing today’s most frequently used marine navigational aids from the perspective of their reliability and user centeredness. The complexity of the systems and the lack of standards are observed as main problems when it comes to marine information systems effectiveness and their user centeredness.

Visual-Haptic Size Estimation in Peripersonal Space

In perceptual psychology, estimations of visual depth and size under different spatial layouts have been extensively studied. However, research evidence in virtual environments (VE) is relatively lacking. The emergence of human-computer interaction (HCI) and virtual reality (VR) has raised the question of how human operators perform actions based on the estimation of visual properties in VR, especially when the sensory cues associated with the same object are conflicting. We report on an experiment in which participants compared the size of a visual sphere to a haptic sphere, belonging to the same object in a VE. The sizes from the visual and haptic modalities were either identical or conflicting (with visual size being larger than haptic size, or vice versa). We used three standard haptic references (small, medium, and large sizes) and asked participants to compare the visual sizes with the given reference, by method of constant stimuli. Results show a dominant functional priority of the visual size perception. Moreover, observers demonstrated a central tendency effect: over-estimation for smaller haptic sizes but under-estimation for larger haptic sizes. The results are in-line with previous studies in real environments (RE). We discuss the current findings in the framework of adaptation level theory for haptic size reference. This work provides important implications for the optimal design of human-computer interactions when integrating 3D visual-haptic information in a VE.

Early adopters of a low vision head-mounted assistive technology

Early adopters of emerging technology offer unique insights into the benefits and hurdles of using technology in daily life. We interviewed early adopters of a head-mounted assistive device for low vision called eSight 2.0 and client-facing employees of the company that produced the device in order to better understand the ways that daily use of the technology can help us understand social implications of digitally enhanced vision. These interviews probed personal and professional experiences for social and emotional impacts associated with adoption of this type of low-vision assistive technology. From our interviews, four themes emerged: 1) assessing the value of assistive technology in real life, 2) negotiating social engagement, 3) boundaries of sight, and 4) attitudes toward and expectations of technology. We introduce the concept of multiplicities of vision to highlight that sight is not one thing for all people in all situations. We argue that individuals with low vision who use assistive technology have skilled vision that is neither fully-human nor fully-digital, but rather, assembled through a combination of social and technical affordances. We propose that instead of seeing low-vision users through a deficit model of sight, human-computer interaction designers have more to gain by viewing people with low vision as individuals with expertise in skilled vision that is both socially and technologically mediated.

Altering One's Body-Perception Through E-Textiles and Haptic Metaphors.

Technologies change rapidly our perception of reality, moving from augmented to virtual to magical. While e-textiles are a key component in exergame or space suits, the transformative potential of the internal side of garments to create embodied experiences still remains largely unexplored. This paper is the result from an art-science collaborative project that combines recent neuroscience findings, body-centered design principles and 2D vibrotactile array-based fabrics to alter one's body perception. We describe an iterative design process intertwined with two user studies on the effects on body-perceptions and emotional responses of various vibration patterns within textile that were designed as spatial haptic metaphors. Our results show potential in considering materials (e.g., rocks) as sensations to design for body perceptions (e.g., being heavy, strong) and emotional responses. We discuss these results in terms of sensory effects on body perception and synergetic impact to research on embodiment in virtual environments, human-computer interaction, and e-textile design. The work brings a new perspective to the sensorial design of embodied experiences which is based on “material perception” and haptic metaphors, and highlights potential opportunities opened by haptic clothing to change body-perception.

Applying Heuristics Evaluation to Improve the Usability of Malaysia Accounting Training Management System

The website is a connection of communication between the organization and their customers. By using web applications customers can obtain information and deal with the organization. The user interface and the interface design of web-based application affect the interest and attention of the customers. The consideration of web navigation, web usability and web accessibility are compulsory to make a website was designed in a user-friendly format. This study aimed to evaluate system based on issues of interface design with focusing on human-computer interaction and user interface design which are error human handling and accessibility. The questionnaire based on questions from the User Interface Usability Evaluation (User Interface Usability Evaluation) was conducted to obtain feedback on the system developed. The findings and results of the questionnaire was used to assess whether the training management system design interface both in terms of handling and ease of access error information (error information handling and accessibility).

Lithuanian case study on evaluating suitability, acceptance and use of IT tools by students – An example of applying Technology Enhanced Learning Research methods in Higher Education

The aim of the paper is to present application of the methodology (i.e. model and method) to evaluate suitability, acceptance and use of information technology (IT) tools for particular students as well as a case study of evaluating two IT tools widely used while studying human-computer interaction (HCI) design at Lithuanian Universities. These IT tools are “Axure” and “Balsamiq Mockups”. High-quality IT tools should be optimised to particular students according to their personal needs, e.g. learning styles. In the paper, optimised IT tools should have the highest probabilistic suitability indexes for particular students according to Felder-Silverman learning styles model. Personalised IT tools' evaluation methodology presented in the paper is based on (1) well-known principles of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis for identifying quality evaluation criteria; (2) Educational Technology Acceptance & Satisfaction Model (ETAS-M) based on well-known Unified Theory on Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, and (3) probabilistic suitability indexes to identify technology's suitability to particular students' needs according to their learning styles. In the paper, there is also a case study of implementing the methodology in Lithuania. This methodology is applicable in real life situations where teachers have to help students to apply IT tools that are most suitable, acceptable and useable for their needs and thus to improve students' motivation, which in its turn creates the conditions for better and more efficient education. The case study aims at analysing the results of evaluating HCI tools using this novel methodology. The methodology is one of the examples of application of Technology Enhanced Learning Research in Higher Education.

Combating and perpetuating bias: the relationship between bias and computer science

This paper aims to explore the relationship between computer science and bias, analysing case studies and discussing the social implications of ways that software can both combat and perpetuate bias. While some areas of computer science such as software design and its underlying algorithms may be developed to offer an objective, data-driven decision, free from human bias, bias can nonetheless appear almost anywhere in the software development process. This has the potential to affect the design, algorithms, and testing of software, thus impacting its ultimate usability. There will be a focus on the Western bias that exists in the design of human-computer interactions, as well as the potential to and corresponding effects of introducing bias into artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. This work will simultaneously discuss the significance and corresponding implications within society of the many forms of bias in some computer science areas.

Research on Human-Computer Interaction Design of Office Chair Based on QFD Method

Based on quality function deployment (QFD) and emotional design theory, the psychological needs of users are explored, and the interactive design system of office chairs is developed centering on users, thus solving the problems of space efficiency, office mode and human-computer interaction. First of all, through the relationship between the emotional concept and “function-behavior-benefit” in QFD method, from the perspective of emotional experience, the man-machine relationship is analyzed, and the principles and methods of contemporary office chair comfortable and healthy experience design are summarized. Secondly, based on the product structure and human-computer interaction design, the internal demand of consumers is transformed into the actual demand of products, and the QFD house of quality model is output to obtain the best design scheme. Finally, through design demonstration, the integrated application of emotional design and QFD method is feasible and effective, which can form a mapping relationship between product benefits and user needs, thus realizing the man-machine interaction design of multi-adaptive office chairs.

Interaction design for multi-user virtual reality systems: An automotive case study

Virtual reality (VR) technology have become ever matured today. Various research and practice have demonstrated the potential benefits of using VR in different application area of manufacturing, such as in factory layout planning, product design, training, etc. However, along with the new possibilities brought by VR, comes with the new ways for users to communicate with the computer system. The human computer interaction design for these VR systems becomes pivotal to the smooth integration. In this paper, it reports the study that investigates interaction design strategies for the multi-user VR system used in manufacturing context though an automotive case study.

Considerations for human–computer interaction: user interface design variables and visual learning in IDT

The purpose of this study is to discuss approaches for developing human–computer interaction (HCI) in educational technology (ET) based on definitions of visual design, learning variables and user-interface design principles in the field of instructional design and technology (IDT). We will do in several stages, first, we will review historical definitions of HCI and its developments in education and considerations for defining visual literacy for learning with instructional design (ID) models. Then, we will review each definition of visual principles for user interface design (UID) or user experience design (UED) and learning from screens. HCI and its roles with the perceptional approach will be discussed as previous definitions in the type of theories such as cognitive load, activity and paying particular attention to primary concepts included in each definition based on the ID model approach. We will also present some of the historical criticisms of the definitions, which provided designing and developing user interfaces. The process should indicate or address possible performance design approaches in ID steps for developing learning and teaching in learning environments as well as developing UID or UED in ET. This also indicates approaches in philosophy of ET and its theory, definition and applications of new technologies as well as UID or UED perspectives and visual design variables. In this study, we review the visual design techniques from past to present that multimedia project design teams should follow the strategies and rules for designing learning environments in industry, business and military based on philosophy of ET and HCI design with ID models by using the newest technologies. The process compares both understanding global UID or UED requirements and visual strategies and considerations for research and product design by ID models. The steps include recognising terminology in ET practice concept, psychological, technological and pedagogical foundations in ID as well as ET approaches and using visual rules for conducting multimedia projects in last decays. At the end of the study, conceptions of ET, ID models and HCI will be discussing to indicate design standards for multimedia projects in the field of IDT. We will also present the relationships between ET and designing problems for creating instructional materials in education. All steps in visual design, UID, UED and HCI design based on philosophical approaches and evaluations in the field are given at the end of the study. Keywords: User interface design, visual designs, human–computer interaction (HCI), user experience design, educational technology, IDT

Cognitive Considerations In Interface Design For Children With Asperger’s Syndrome: A Proposed Budgeting Tool<br /> <br />  

The characteristics of a particular user need to be evaluated to inform the design in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) design (Demir et al., 2017). This research consists of an evaluation of the characteristics of Asperger Syndrome (AS) and a budgeting tool has been proposed for children with the AS. The research results show that simplicity, consistency, color-coding and efficient labeling in design helps to reduce the cognitive load of the children with AS, thus, make the design more usable and useful for them.

Multi-Layered Perceptual Model for Haptic Perception of Compliance

Haptic rendering of compliance is widely used in human–computer haptic interaction. Haptic impressions of virtual objects are usually controlled through rendering algorithms and devices. However, subjective feelings of compliance are easily affected by physical properties of objects, interactive modes, and so on. So it is important to ascertain the mapping relations between controlled physical parameters and subjective perceptual feelings. In this paper, a multi-layered perceptual model was built based on psychophysical experiments to discuss these relationships in a simplified scene. Interactive signals of physical stimuli are collected by the physical receptor layer, handled by the subjective classifier layer and finally generate the evaluation results of compliance. The physical perceptual layer is used to extract useful interaction features affecting perceptual results. The subjective classifier layer is used to analyze the perceptual dimensionality of the compliance perception. The final aim of the model is to determine the mapping relationships between interaction features and dimensions of perception space. Interactive features are extracted from the interaction data collected during the exploring process, perceptual dimensionality of the compliance perception was analyzed by the factor analysis method, and relations between hierarchical layers were obtained by multi-linear regression analysis. A verification test was performed to show whether the proposed model can predict the perceptual result of new samples well. The results indicate that the model was reliable to estimate the perceptual results of compliance with an accuracy of approximately 90%. This paper may contribute a lot to the design and improvement of human-computer interaction and intelligent sensing system.

Engaging Feminist Solidarity for Comparative Research, Design, and Practice

Research in the fields of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is increasingly embracing and moving across borders. While universalism in such research is widely rejected, sole focus on the "particular'' is also commonly critiqued. Kentaro Toyama unpacks this tension, calling for balance via "deliberate efforts to understand the interplay of human universals and cultural differences, and how it pertains to design.'' In this paper, one such deliberate effort, we introduce the notion of feminist solidarity---as theorized by Chandra Mohanty---for drawing connections across borders in CSCW and HCI research, design, and practice. To enable contributions in these fields to cross cultures and geographies in productive ways, we draw attention to commonalities in the struggles and processes of resistance operating in different contexts of study. To do this, we present lessons learned from conducting three comparative studies in six contexts, which were located across various borders. The primary contribution of our analysis is to leverage a feminist solidarity-based approach towards extending conversations on comparative, transnational, and feminist CSCW and HCI research, design, and practice. Our focus remains on resource-constrained regions across the world, in both the Global North and South.

HarpCI, Empowering Performers to Control and Transform Harp Sounds in Live Performance

The goal of our research is to provide harpists with the tools to control and transform the sounds of their instrument in a natural and musical way. We consider the development of music with live electronics, with particular reference to the harp repertoire, and include interviews with six harpists that use technology in their professional performance practice. We then present HarpCI, a case study that explores how gestures can be used to control and transform sound and light projection in live performance with the electric harp. HarpCI draws on research from the areas Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and Music Interaction Design (MiXD) to extend the creative possibilities available to the performer, and demonstrates our approach to bridging the gap between the performer/composer and the harp on one side, and the technology on the other. We discuss the use of guitar pedals with the electric harp, and the limitations they impose, and then introduce the MyoSpat system as a potential solution to this issue. MyoSpat aims to give musicians control over auditory and visual aspects of the performance through easy to learn, intuitive and natural hand gestures. It also aims to enhance the compositional process for instrument and live electronics, through a new way of music notation for gesturally controlled interactive systems. The system uses the Myo® armband gestural controller, a device to control live sound processing that is non-invasive to instrumental technique and performer. The combination of these elements allows the performer to experience a tangible connection between gesture and sound production. Finally, we describe the experience of Eleanor Turner, who composed and performed The Wood and the Water (Turner 2016) using MyoSpat, and we conclude by presenting the outcomes from HarpCI workshops delivered at Cardiff Metropolitan University for Camac Harp Weekend, Royal Birmingham Conservatoire’s Integra Lab and Southampton University.

Tangibly understanding intangible complexities: Designing for distributed autonomous organizations

Abstract New digital technologies such as Blockchain and smart contracting are rapidly changing the face of value exchange, and present new opportunities and challenges for designers. Designers and data specialists are at the forefront of exploring new ways of exchanging value, using Blockchain, cryptocurrencies, smart contracting and the direct exchanges between things made possible by the Internet of Things (Tallyn et al. 2018; Pschetz et al. 2019). For researchers and designers in areas of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and Interaction Design to better understand and explore the implications of these emerging and future technologies as Distributed Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) we delivered a workshop at the ACM conference Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) in Edinburgh in 2017 (Nissen et al. 2017). The workshop aimed to use the lens of DAOs to introduce the principle that products and services may soon be owned and managed collectively and not by one person or authority, thus challenging traditional concepts of ownership and power. This workshop builds on established HCI research exploring the role of technology in financial interactions and designing for the rapidly changing world of technology and value exchange (Kaye et al. 2014; Malmborg et al. 2015; Millen et al. 2015; Vines et al. 2014). Beyond this, the HCI community has started to explore these technologies beyond issues of finance, money and collaborative practice, focusing on the implications of these emerging but rapidly ascending distributed systems in more applied contexts (Elsden et al. 2018a). By bringing together designers and researchers with different experiences and knowledge of distributed systems, the aim of this workshop was two-fold. First, to further understand, develop and critique these new forms of distributed power and ownership and second, to practically explore how to design interactive products and services that enable, challenge or disrupt existing and emerging models.

Research and Application of Question Answering System Based on Subject Knowledge Base

The intelligent subject knowledge base question-and-answer system has a positive effect on improving the self-learning ability of the students, and designs a subject knowledge base question-and-answer system based on man-machine interaction. The system design includes the design of the question and answer algorithm of the subject knowledge base and the software development and design of the system. The semantic ontology structure mapping method is adopted to control the semantic information in the question-and-answer process of the subject knowledge base, and the expert subject knowledge base is constructed. The semantic concept tree analysis is carried out in combination with the feature construction method of the subject word feature, the human-computer interaction design of a subject knowledge base question-and-answer system is carried out by adopting a networked information interaction mode, and a corpus of words, phrases and sentences of a subject knowledge base question-and-answer system is constructed, in that concept of the semantic subject word, the sentence division of the question and answer of the subject knowledge base is realized, and the subject word characteristic matching method is adopted to realize the algorithm design of the network subject knowledge base question and answer, and the intelligence of the question and answer of the subject knowledge base is improved. In the embedded industrial control host, the system development and human-computer interaction design of the subject knowledge base are carried out, and the system is mainly composed of an information processing module, a subject knowledge base information acquisition module, a DMA controller, an output module and the like. The test results show that the system can effectively realize the question-and-answer of the network subject knowledge base and improve the reliability and intelligence of the subject-and-answer system of the subject knowledge base.

AHRQ EPC Series on Improving Translation of Evidence: Use of a Clinical Pathway for C. Difficile Treatment to Facilitate the Translation of Research Findings into Practice

In 2018 the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Program issued a call for strategies to disseminate AHRQ EPC systematic reviews. In this pilot, findings from the 2016 AHRQ EPC report on Clostridioides difficile infection were translated into a treatment pathway and disseminated via a cloud-based platform and electronic health record (EHR). An existing 10-step framework was used for developing and disseminating evidence-based clinical pathways. The development of the EHR intervention was informed by the Five Rights model for clinical decision support and human-computer interaction design heuristics. The researchers used observations and time measurements to describe the impact of the EPC report on pathway development and examined provider adoption using counts of pathway views. Two main themes emerged: (1) discrepancies between the EPC report and existing guidelines prompted critical discussions about available treatments, and (2) lack of guideline and pathway syntheses in the EPC report necessitated a rapid literature review. Pathway development required 340 hours: 205 for the rapid literature review, 63 for pathway development and EHR intervention design, and 5 for technical implementation of the intervention. Pathways were viewed 1,069 times through the cloud-based platform and 47 times through a hyperlink embedded in key EHR ordering screens. Pathways can be an approach for disseminating AHRQ EPC report findings within health care systems; however, reports should include guideline and pathway syntheses to meet their full potential. Embedding hyperlinks to pathway content within the EHR may be a viable and low-effort solution for promoting awareness of evidence-based resources.

Effects of spatial frequency and attention on pupillary response.

Research has shown that the pupil responds differently depending on the spatial frequency of the gazing stimulus. In this study, we examined the effects of spatial- and object-based attention on pupillary response as a function of spatial frequency using grating stimuli and filtered natural images by manipulating the participants' attentional state. Furthermore, we aimed to obtain the pupillary response to spatial frequency accurately by reducing the contamination of unintended spatial frequency components in the stimulus by using gratings with a Gabor envelope. We revealed that all stimuli could elicit large pupil constriction for an intermediate range (2-8 c/d) of spatial frequency and that both spatial- and object-based attention modulate the pupillary response function to spatial frequency. These facts may enhance Human Computer Interaction design to use people's attentional state.

HCI(휴먼 컴퓨터 인터랙션)기술 기반 키오스크의 디자인 및 유용성 연구

HCI(휴먼 컴퓨터 인터랙션)기술 기반 키오스크의 디자인 및 유용성 연구

A Speculative Feminist Approach to Project Management

In this paper, we discuss how taking a speculative feminist approach, as proposed by some members of the human-computer interaction (HCI) community, results in a radically different design of software for project management. As we interpret it, speculative feminist design in HCI demonstrates attention to the following six principles: challenging the status quo; designing for an actionable ideal; searching out the invisible; considering the micro, meso, and macro; privileging transparency; and welcoming critique. In the context of project management, our approach to software design has therefore included the following priorities: all stakeholders have goals, but not necessarily shared goals; the line between an internal deliverable and an external project outcome is blurred; impacts can occur immediately or decades later; impact assessment methods need to be explicit in the project planning system. In adopting the terms speculative feminism and critical feminism, we intend that our work be understood as situated within the territory of Critical Theory as applied particularly to the work of the Frankfurt School. We introduce our design, called It’s a Wicked World (IWW), as an example, although it is only the current iteration of one part of a larger, ongoing project.