Human Competence Research Articles

THE PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN ABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION

The issue of human abilities is widely discussed in the field of psychological literature . It has been developed within specific theories as well as therapeutic practices. In the context of modern positive psychology human abilities are placed within the framework of a continuum including the understanding of them as fixed and unchangeable in time, and at the other end of the same continuum is the conviction that they can be improved and developed by making certain efforts. In the second understanding challenges and difficult situations are an integral part of the way towards the realization of the purposes and serve as a springboard for learning new things and for personal growth. The perception of the idea that competencies and skills are determined by biological laws has to do with the desire to avoid risk and failure as well as with a desire for continuous confirmation of current developments. Uncertainty is the factor responsible for choosing not to endeavour and the one which not lead to a different result. According to Carol Dweck someone’s self-acceptnce has significant impact on the choice of a way of living. It is clear that a conviction may have the power to transform an individual's perception of the world. The idea of human abilities can be viewed in the context of the development of character strengths. These are the human competencies in which the implementation of an activity is carried out with ease and leads to a feeling of satisfaction and value. The development of strengths positively correlated with wellbeing and meaning. Leading life according to personal values and goals selected corresponding to individual’s strengths have positive impact on the psychological and physical health. Due to the fact that the understanding of the abilities is formed in early childhood the emphasis in modern educational practices was placed on individual skills and traits to be identified and encouraged. An essential aspect in these two theoretical paradigms is the fact that someone’s self-acceptance as well as the development of strengths are relevant to all other areas of life, i.e. there are a transfer of these skills in areas such as professional commitment, personal life, hobbies, etc. Everyone has his/her own strengths but not everyone has differentiated them. When recognized, the path to their development should go, so that the activities of the individual correspond to the most prominent skills and competences. The set of 24 character strengths includes spheres such as spiritual life, good-heartedness, curiosity, justice. Related to Carol Dweck’s theory we may conclude that they have the powr to change some strategies used in interpersonal relationships as well as in the school environment.

An Investigation on Entrepreneurial Competencies of Creative Industry in Bandung, Indonesia

The previous research reveals the significant influence of entrepreneurial competencies on entrepreneur's performance. This finding indicates that there should be further exploration of entrepreneurial competencies. This study aims to determine the entrepreneurial competencies regarding the process. Moreover, this research uses the quantitative approach with non-parametric structural equation modeling. The population of this study is the creative industry in Bandung. The research samples are 119 entrepreneurs in the creative industry. This study finds that some competencies are the components that create the entrepreneurial competencies of creative industries entrepreneurs in Bandung. The components are Relationship Competencies, Opportunity Competencies, Strategic Competencies, Human Competencies and Personal Strength Competencies. The research implication recommends increasing the value of the creator's components of entrepreneurial competencies. Hence, they have implications on the performance of MSMEs in the sector of creative industry in Bandung.

Operations Management and Performance of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya

Manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the breeding ground for human capital competencies, creativity and innovation, which are important inputs for manufacturing competitiveness. In Kenya, manufacturing SMEs contribute 14% of gross domestic product (GDP), and train and employ 30% of the workforce. However, their growth and competitiveness are undermined by challenges in the firms’ operations management. Consequently, the firms struggle to survive as competitive enterprises, both domestically and globally. The purpose of this study was to establish how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) enhances the relationship between operations management and firm performance. Quantitative primary data were collected from managers of 83 firms registered by the Kenya Association of Manufacturers in the food and beverage sub-sector using a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data for relationships between the study variables. The study found a positive relationship between operations management and EO, and between EO and firm performance. The study also found that EO is a mediator of the relationship between operations management and performance of manufacturing SMEs in Kenya. The study recommends that for manufacturing SMEs to effectively deploy operations management competencies and gain global competitiveness, they must engage EO as a strategy to foment organisational experimentation and exploration and commercialize the resultant innovations. At the macroeconomic level, the government should support manufacturing SMEs through enactment and promotion of policies that enable operations managers to exploit their firm’s EO stock.

Celebrating Human Competence'S 40th Anniversary

Performance ImprovementVolume 57, Issue 10 p. 4-5 Editor's Notes Celebrating Human Competence'S 40th Anniversary Peter C. Honebein PhD, Peter C. Honebein PhD 5450 Wintergreen Lane, Reno, NV, 89511Search for more papers by this author Peter C. Honebein PhD, Peter C. Honebein PhD 5450 Wintergreen Lane, Reno, NV, 89511Search for more papers by this author First published: 11 November 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.21831Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume57, Issue10November/December 2018Pages 4-5 RelatedInformation

PENGARUH PENERAPAN SAP DAN SPIP TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KOTA BOGOR DENGAN KOMPETENSI SDM SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING

Local goverment financial statement in Bogor City for the last five years are still given fair opinion withthe exception by BPK. This research aims to determine effect of application Government AccountingStandards, and the Government Internal Control System on the quality of local goverment financialstatement in Bogor City with the Competence of Human Resources as moderating variable. The method ofthis research design is using survey methods with data collection method using questionnaires. Thepopulation in this research were employees in 39 financial administration officials in Regional Work unit(SKPD) of Bogor City, with using purposive sampling technique, so that the selected 195 employees thatthe research sample. The analysis technique used is MRA. The result of the analysis showed that simultantest or partial test, application of the Government Accounting Standards and Government Internal ControlSystem have significant impact on the quality of local government financial statement. The competence ofhuman resources as moderating variables can moderated the effect of the Government AccountingStandards and Government Internal Control System on the quality of local government financial statement.Coefficient of determination of 61,4 percent, while the rest 38,6 percent is explained by other variables.

Human Competency as a Catalyzer of Innovation Within Health and Nursing Care Through a Perspective of Complex Adaptive Systems

The aim of this article is to analyze some features of nursing manager competencies as a potential agent of innovation through a perspective of complex adaptive systems. To achieve the objective, an empirical quantitative analysis of the data obtained through structured questionnaires was conducted to identify the key aspects of perceptions related to competencies. The results demonstrated a disparity between what nursing managers perceived as “my strength” and what they perceived as “critical in adopting innovation” with respect to competencies. This study empirically identified key competencies relevant to nursing managers in adopting innovation through a perspective of encompassing complex adaptive systems. The nursing managers surveyed tended to consider their strengths included interpersonal understanding, teamwork, self-control and concern for order. From a viewpoint of innovation adoption, there is room for improvement for nurses to develop such competencies as initiative, team leadership, conceptual thinking, analytical thinking, and organizational awareness.

The Emerging Computational Biolinguistic Framework

The convergence of software and intelligent sciences forms the transdisciplinary field of computational intelligence. Abstract intelligence is a human enquiry of both natural and artificial intelligence at the reductive embodying levels of neural, cognitive, functional, and logical from the bottom-up (BU). The human brain is at least a factor of 1 billion more efficient than our present digital technology, and a factor of 10 million more efficient than the best digital technology that we can imagine today. The unavoidable conclusion is that current neuromorphic engineering has something fundamental to learn from the human brain and cells about a new and much more effective form of computation, with a convenient, effective, efficient, and reliable BU approach. The author presents a brain-inspired geometric-logical scheme defining fundamental human linguistic and predicative competence. According to CICT, complete duality of opposition and implication geometry in logical geometry and language can model n-dimensional predicative competence and beyond, according to available computational resources.

Problematic of the management and the production of competencies in public institutions: case study of a group of public institutions in the city of Sidi Bel Abbes

The objective of this article is to design a theoretical framework for the application of management and production of competencies in the company. With an aim of enriching our research, we made a practical study on public Algerian companies at the city of Sidi-bel-Abbès in order to see how is made the management of their employees and if they really carry an interest to human competencies so that they are capable of innovation, to reach theexpected goals and to increase the effectiveness of the companies.However,observation of the Algerian economic environment shows that it does not exert great pressure on institutions compared to developed countries.This is due to the inexistence of a real competition, theintervenes of the state in the attribution of projects to public enterprises, without forgetting that for some activities there is state subsidy. As consequence, these companies do not attach great significance to humans competencies.

Media-IT Competences in Prospective Teachers

The article is designed as a proposal for contemporary teacher's competences. We start with the concept of competence, its characteristics and division into personal and professional human competences. After presenting professional competences according to Komitet Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN, we proceed to the media-IT competences as especially important for the professions of teaching and pedagogy. In the era of the society of knowledge and digitalization. The article also contains diagnostic and mainly qualitative research results, that was conducted among students, prospective teachers of humanistic subjects.

A problem-solving ontology for human-centered cyber physical production systems

Cyber physical social systems (CPSS) tend to integrate computation with physical processes as well as human and social characteristics. The fusion of cyber, physical, and socio spaces through Industry 4.0 emerges a new type of production systems known as cyber physical production systems (CPPS). CPPS enriches communications among cyber-physical-socio space in the production environment. Utilizing human-centered CPPS in smart factories (ideally) results in a mutual transition from human-machine cooperation to active collaboration, which is characterized by cyber-physical-socio interactions, knowledge exchange and reciprocal learning. The shift from data workers or producers to problem-solver is, therefore, triggered to both humans and CPPS, respectively. Hence, their job roles and responsibilities cannot be independently defined. This paper approaches the collaboration of human and CPPS in problem-solving from the angle of complementarity whereby “human competences” and “CPPS autonomy” together derive supplementary capability and reciprocal learning. In this research, “Problem” is an umbrella term that refers to both categories of “human-CPPS task” (i.e. a specific piece of work required to be done) and “failure event” (i.e. a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved). A holistic ontological framework is proposed, entitled PSP Ontology (Problem, Solution, Problem-Solver Ontology), which represents the logical relations between the three super-concepts of “Problem Profile”, “Problem-Solver Profile”, and “Solution Profile”. Related entities are formalized by introducing (i) contingency vector, (ii) vector of competence and autonomy, and (iii) solution maturity index, respectively. PSP Ontology is utilized for semantic representation of the super-concepts and reasoning out the competence questions, i.e. in which situation and under which conditions human and/or CPPS is dominant or eligible to solve a problem (to accomplish a given task and/or to detect or eliminate a failure), which is qualitatively exemplified in the use-case of maintenance 4.0.

Difficulties of financing public universities and means of dealing with them under the general budget of the state

One of the most important challenges facing higher education institutions in the international arena is the challenge of financing. The problems of financing are complicated by the growing trend of increasing efficiency and quality effectiveness. The research aims to uncover the problems of funding in public universities and provide future proposals that help to solve its difficulties. The research problem stems from the problem of deficit in the budgets of public university education and its high cost and funding difficulties facing increasing expenditure because of its dependence on the general budget of the state. The research was based on the basic hypothesis that "the adoption of public universities on a variety of funding sources will help to solve the difficulty of funding through the model and proposals adopted to develop sources of funding and rationalization of spending”. The research concluded a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which were Increasing the need of public universities for financial resources to meet their various needs, Poor efficiency of funding management in public universities, and the adoption of financing of university education almost entirely dependent on the state budget. Based on the results, the recommendations of the research are the need to review the method used in the preparation of budgets as it is the basis in the process of controlling revenues and directing expenditures, as well as the need to link government support to universities achievements, and make universities production centers and through the application of the concept of productive university and work on increasing Efficiency of spending through the optimal use of human competencies and technology.

Edukacja międzykulturowa dla przyszłości - na przykładzie zajęć akademickich, „Intercultural dialogue” i programu Erasmus

The article is a presentation of basic problems of contemporary civilization, connected with: the crisis of humanity and community, and also the necessity to define social strategies in multicultural societies and education for the culture of peace. Referring to the tragic cases of Islamic terrorism and conflicts originating from religious fanaticism, I point out the need to involve education in shaping human identity and intercultural competences, in creating civic foundations and in living in a community in a multicultural society. As examples of such educational activities I am presenting an authorship course titled “Intercultural Dialogue” – UW Erasmus Programme and also my lectures and artistic workshop the University of Art and Design Linz (Kunstuniversitaat Linz) in Austria – intercultural dialogue.

A Blended Learning Model Used to Prepare Saudi Arabian Doctoral Students to Be Knowledge-Based Educational Leaders

To secure a better future in today’s globalized world, a knowledge-based society must be a priority for every nation. For a long time, many nations have relied primarily on passive resources—that is, natural and financial resources—for their existence. However, in the era of globalization dominated by knowledge and information technologies, the focus is shifting towards active resources—that is, human resources. Human resources are perceived by nations as a key engine for competitiveness, economic prosperity, national sovereignty, and human dignity. One of the media through which these human resources are developed is education, which involves teaching and learning. To respond to the increased demands for human competencies to function in a knowledge-based society, educators must adapt to the emerging teaching and learning approaches. One of these emerging approaches is the blended learning approach, which has the ability to improve learning and cost-effectiveness, increase access and flexibility, and help institutions stay up-to-date. Therefore, in contrast to a traditional research paper, this paper describes a teaching and learning practice, with the aim of achieving two objectives: 1) to present a brief background of the blended learning approach and its models and 2) to share a specific blended learning model used to prepare Saudi Arabian doctoral students to be knowledge-based educational leaders.

Industry 4.0 and the digital society: concepts, dimensions and envisioned benefits

Abstract There is a considerable amount of interest in Industry 4.0, the so-called 4fh industrial revolution, however, the concept is not clear in the literature. This research by performing a literature review on Industry 4.0, aims to present an overview of the several industrial revolutions with emphasis on Industry 4.0 and its underlined dimensions. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the advanced digitalization and integration of industrial manufacturing and logistics processes, and the use of internet and “smart” objects (machines and products) and merging the physical and the virtual worlds by the adoption of information and communications technology (ICT). Industry 4.0 fosters novel human and production organization systems and new organizational business models, impacting the overall value chain, society and the environment. Contributions for such new business models that can support Industry 4.0 are proposed with envisioned potential benefits such as shorter operations cycle times, quick delivery times, faster time to market of new products and services, improved quality, and product/service customization, stronger consumer involvement and loyalty. Industry 4.0 can help organizations to address new and emerging markets by a differentiation strategy, or even create new disruptive business models. However, it is still in the early stages for most companies and the digital transformation will require a strong leadership, the right human competences and to overcome several barriers, for its successful implementation. And while this will lead to a significant improvement in job creation, there will be also considerable job losses for Employees with low skill levels. Considering that in 2015, only 14% of Small and Medium Enterprises were using internet channel and 40% of the European Union companies still had not adopted any of the new advanced digital technologies, there is a great need to further research Industry 4.0 drivers and success factors.

Examining the Key Practices of Human Resource Development (HRD), Employees Competencies (EC) and Service Performance (SP) Among Frontline Employees of Hotel Industry: Are They Significantly Related?

Examining the Key Practices of Human Resource Development (HRD), Employees Competencies (EC) and Service Performance (SP) Among Frontline Employees of Hotel Industry: Are They Significantly Related?

"Personality Deficit" - a Dangerous Disease of Contemporary Society and the Role of Sport in Combating It

The aim of the research is to scientifically justify the role of sport in eliminating the deformation of sport and the negative tendencies of the contemporary society development.Being an essentially agonistic activity, sport has a profound metaphysical dimension. In its existential space, beyond the obvious simplicity and clarity, in the deep layers of existence there are a multitude of processes and events that have, it can be said, a decisive influence on human destiny, and their analysis is a major task for the researcher who tends to understand the essence of sport, its social-cultural meaning and its possible historical mission. Obviously, this is also the task of any man who has devoted his life to sports: coach, sportsman.Sport is a great way of life and type of activity, extremely present in our times. It contains a prerequisite for enhancing the human competence of conception about the world, for the rehabilitation of contemporary society: to treat the diseases which are its own at present: impressive but indolent democracy, which has lost its orientation to the moral absolute, and therefore full of ochlocracy; infantile pluralism, from which it is only a step up to ethnocentrism and aggression; the juridical abstract nature of the human rights principles, which moves on the second plane the actuality of a supernormal, free, creative and truly moral facts; Finally, the primitive economic pragmatism that destroys the heights of human spirituality.

The neuroscience of perceptual categorization in pigeons: A mechanistic hypothesis.

We are surrounded by an endless variation of objects. The ability to categorize these objects represents a core cognitive competence of humans and possibly all vertebrates. Research on category learning in nonhuman animals started with the seminal studies of Richard Herrnstein on the category "human" in pigeons. Since then, we have learned that pigeons are able to categorize a large number of stimulus sets, ranging from Cubist paintings to English orthography. Strangely, this prolific field has largely neglected to also study the avian neurobiology of categorization. Here, we present a hypothesis that combines experimental results and theories from categorization research in pigeons with neurobiological insights on visual processing and dopamine-mediated learning in primates. We conclude that in both fields, similar conclusions on the mechanisms of perceptual categorization have been drawn, despite very little cross-reference or communication between these two areas to date. We hypothesize that perceptual categorization is a two-component process in which stimulus features are first rapidly extracted in a feed-forward process, thereby enabling a fast subdivision along multiple category borders. In primates this seems to happen in the inferotemporal cortex, while pigeons may primarily use a cluster of associative visual forebrain areas. The second process rests on dopaminergic error-prediction learning that enables prefrontal areas to connect top down the relevant visual category dimension to the appropriate action dimension.

An information system design theory for the comparative judgement of competences

A Design Science Research project is presented, describing the creation of an Information System for the assessment of human competences while supporting learning. First, requirements that emanate from current mainstream competence evaluation practice are introduced. Then, design principles are presented to address the design requirements. Finally, design features are discussed that represent a concrete instantiation of the design principles in a working system prototype. The output of the design, development, and evaluation of the artefact are presented as an Information Systems Design Theory. This theory provides principles that can be applied in different contexts where the evaluation of competences is needed.

AXIOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF MUSIC EDUCATION IN THE SCHOOLING OF STUDENTS

ROGOZIŃSKA Katarzyna – PhD of Pedagogical Sciences, associate professor of Media and Arts Education Department, Institute of School Education of Jan Kochanovski University in Kielce, Poland ( krogozinska@ujk.edu.pl ) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6867-0834 ResearcherID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/D-5074-2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.6/38.121436 To cite this article: Rogozinska, K. (2018). Aksjologiczny wymiar edukacji muzycznej w ksztalceniu studentow [Axiological dimension of music education in the schooling of students]. Liudynoznavchi studii. Seriia «Pedahohika» – Human Studies. Series of «Pedagogy» , 6/38, 267–276. doi: 10.24919/2313-2094.6/38.121436 [in Polish]. Article history Received: 20 September 2017 Received in revised form: 17 November 2017 Accepted: 15 February 2018 Available online: 5 April 2018 Abstract. The problem of axiology has been dealt with by many Polish scientists. You can mention here: Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz, Roman Ingarden, Karol Kotlowski, Fr. Jozef Tischner, Heliodor Muszynski, Wladyslaw Strozewski. In their work they defined the concept, discussing its content. The term axiology comes from the Greek words axios – meaning what is worthy, precious, worth, and logos – knowledge, science. Axiology is a science that evaluates things in terms of their value, meaning or utility. It is an inseparable part of philosophy, also the basis of the humanities. It occurs in psychology, pedagogy or sociology. It also deals with ontological, epistemological, methodological, sociological and cultural sciences. Values have always been one of the most important areas of research in the educational process. Axiology is often seen in the context of pedagogy. There are usually here: education to value, upbringing to value, education to value human competence. In turn, upbringing is worthwhile: «shaping the axiological orientation, which is the function of maturity, the willingness to deliberately and responsibly choose and respond to them». Education based on values can be found in many areas of children’s activities, for example in preschool, in musical, artistic or technical expression. In the kindergarten, the art should be shown in a legible, expressive manner, so that the subtle beauty, the good, and the subtle beauty presented to the children through forms, colors or sounds. The values presented in this way are the basis for the perception of social, natural and cultural phenomena. So, axiology has a special role in pedagogy because education should not be separated from value. They are an important issue in the whole process of education – they are the basis. It can also be concluded that music as a medium of value is one of the important disciplines in young people’s education. However, music education based on self-expression must be appropriately directed by the teacher so that in his adult life he chooses valuable works. As Wieslaw Sacher rightly points out, music brings with it many emotions. Music accompanies the man in numerous situations of life as well as in entertainment and fun, is a means of inspiring feelings of fascination and emotion, experiencing intellectual dazzling, a means of enriching the quality of life. Its varied functions are also used in the function of aestheticizing everyday life. Acknowledgments. Sincere thanks to pedagogical staff at Jan Kochanovsky University in Kielce (Poland), in particular Prof. Miroslaw Babiarz, and Institute of Musical Arts of Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University (Ukraine), in particular Prof. Stepan Datsyuk. Funding . The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Funding from Jan Kochanovsky University in Kielce permitted this research completion.

Human Competence to Transmit Leishmania infantum to Lutzomyia longipalpis and the Influence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum is a lethal disease transmitted by sand flies. Although, considered a zoonosis with dogs held as the main reservoirs, humans are also sources of infection. Therefore, control policies currently focused on dog culling may need to consider that VL and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/VL patients may also be infectious, contributing to transmission. Reservoir competence of patients with VL without and with HIV infection and of persons asymptomatically infected with Leishmania was assessed by xenodiagnosis with the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis. Parasites in sand fly's guts were identified by using optical microscopy and by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Leishmania infantum blood parasite burden was determined by quantitative PCR. Among the 61 participants, 27 (44%) infected sand flies as seen by microscopy or PCR. When infectiousness was assessed by microscopy, xenodiagnosis was positive in five (25%) patients not infected with HIV, whereas nine (45%) of those harboring HIV were positive. Among the 19 asymptomatic patients four (21%) infected sand flies only demonstrated by PCR. One (50%) asymptomatic patient with HIV had a positive xenodiagnosis by microscopy. 9/372 (2.4%) and 37/398 (9.2%) sand flies were infected when feeding in patients without and with HIV, respectively. Infectiousness was poorly correlated with quantitative PCR. The study shows that asymptomatic humans are capable of transmitting L. infantum, that ill persons with HIV infection are more infectious to sand flies, and that humans are more important reservoirs than previously thought. This fact may be considered when designing control policies for zoonotic VL.