Human-centered Design Methods Research Articles

Human-Centered Design: an Implementation of Methods In Designing Kendari Fish Market As An Urban Design Object

In line with the regional development references contained in the medium-term regional development plan (RPJMD), Kendari City 2010-2030 has a focused goal to be achieved. Development of the Kota Lama area into an infrastructure area through its regional and cultural potential. Given the fact that there have been no significant changes regarding the development of the Kota Lama area compared to other areas in Kendari City which are more advanced, it is necessary to make efforts to harmonize this by looking at the context of the strategic location of the area and the conditions of the surrounding community. The majority of people whose profession is fishermen have made the Kendari City fish market a vital object that needs further attention for regional development efforts in accordance with the 2010-2030 Kendari City RPJMD. By focusing on humans in terms of activity and behavior patterns, the Human-Centered Design method is the ideal method to be implemented in the design of the Kendari City fish market. This design proposal discusses about implementation of Human-Centered Design method by applying 5 stages of the method with each stage having different techniques but still referring to humans as the main focus. By generating design alternatives at the Human-Centered Design method stage, the determining aspect for the elaboration of the best alternative that will be implemented is the aspect of circulation and community gathering points, in terms of human patterns and behavior at the Kendari City Fish Market site. The application of this method is used so that the design of an urban design object can return to the fundamental realm, namely focusing on humans. This is important to apply, especially to the urban design objects, because cities must be able to fulfill basic human needs so that the expected development can be realized.

Gamification as an innovative method in user experience design

AbstractThe growing research field of gamification promises new insights and innovative methods for the active design of user experience. This article examines the extent to which gamification complements the established methods of user experience design in the context of product development. To this end, assessment criteria are proposed that can be used to evaluate human-centred design methods. A qualitative comparison is then used to determine the added value of the innovative field of gamification for future user experience design in consumer products.

Exploring the multi-level impacts of a youth-led comprehensive sexuality education model in Madagascar using Human-centered Design methods.

Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is recognized as a critical tool for addressing sexuality and reproductive health challenges among adolescents. However, little is known about the broader impacts of CSE on populations beyond adolescents, such as schools, families, and communities. This study explores multi-level impacts of an innovative CSE program in Madagascar, which employs young adult CSE educators to teach a three-year curriculum in government middle schools across the country. The two-phased study embraced a participatory approach and qualitative Human-centered Design (HCD) methods. In phase 1, 90 school principals and administrators representing 45 schools participated in HCD workshops, which were held in six regional cities. Phase 2 took place one year later, which included 50 principals from partner schools, and focused on expanding and validating findings from phase 1. From the perspective of school principals and administrators, the results indicate several areas in which CSE programming is having spill-over effects, beyond direct adolescent student sexuality knowledge and behaviors. In the case of this youth-led model in Madagascar, the program has impacted the lives of students (e.g., increased academic motivation and confidence), their parents (e.g., strengthened family relationships and increased parental involvement in schools), their schools (e.g., increased perceived value of schools and teacher effectiveness), their communities (e.g., increased community connections), and impacted broader structural issues (e.g., improved equity and access to resources such as menstrual pads). While not all impacts of the CSE program were perceived as positive, the findings uncovered opportunities for targeting investments and refining CSE programming to maximize positive impacts at family, school, and community levels.

User Interface Optimization Using Human Centered Design Method to Improve Website Usability (Case Study: Entrance Cilacap)

A good user interface design on a website will make users feel at home using the website. On the contrary, a bad user interface will make users quickly leave the site or bounce rate. User involvement in the system development process will have a positive and significant impact on satisfaction with a system. The objective of this study is to obtain a new user interface that can overcome the usability problems in the web design of the Cilacap Entrance. To meet user needs, this study uses the human centered design (HCD) method for web redesign. User identification and interviews were conducted to obtain user context data. While user personas are used to determine user needs. In addition, A/B testing was used by applying the results of heatmap analysis and data from Google Analytics and Google Web Console to compare the results before and after the interface redesign. The results showed an increase in the number of users, longer visits, more content exploration, and high activity on the site. This means that the redesigned interface was successful in improving user experience, increasing user activity, and maintaining user interest in the Cilacap Entrance website.

Leveraging human-centered design and causal pathway diagramming toward enhanced specification and development of innovative implementation strategies: a case example of an outreach tool to address racial inequities in breast cancer screening

BackgroundImplementation strategies are strategies to improve uptake of evidence-based practices or interventions and are essential to implementation science. Developing or tailoring implementation strategies may benefit from integrating approaches from other disciplines; yet current guidance on how to effectively incorporate methods from other disciplines to develop and refine innovative implementation strategies is limited. We describe an approach that combines community-engaged methods, human-centered design (HCD) methods, and causal pathway diagramming (CPD)—an implementation science tool to map an implementation strategy as it is intended to work—to develop innovative implementation strategies.MethodsWe use a case example of developing a conversational agent or chatbot to address racial inequities in breast cancer screening via mammography. With an interdisciplinary team including community members and operational leaders, we conducted a rapid evidence review and elicited qualitative data through interviews and focus groups using HCD methods to identify and prioritize key determinants (facilitators and barriers) of the evidence-based intervention (breast cancer screening) and the implementation strategy (chatbot). We developed a CPD using key determinants and proposed strategy mechanisms and proximal outcomes based in conceptual frameworks.ResultsWe identified key determinants for breast cancer screening and for the chatbot implementation strategy. Mistrust was a key barrier to both completing breast cancer screening and using the chatbot. We focused design for the initial chatbot interaction to engender trust and developed a CPD to guide chatbot development. We used the persuasive health message framework and conceptual frameworks about trust from marketing and artificial intelligence disciplines. We developed a CPD for the initial interaction with the chatbot with engagement as a mechanism to use and trust as a proximal outcome leading to further engagement with the chatbot.ConclusionsThe use of interdisciplinary methods is core to implementation science. HCD is a particularly synergistic discipline with multiple existing applications of HCD to implementation research. We present an extension of this work and an example of the potential value in an integrated community-engaged approach of HCD and implementation science researchers and methods to combine strengths of both disciplines and develop human-centered implementation strategies rooted in causal perspective and healthcare equity.

Clinical Decision Support for Hypertension Management in Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 37 million adults in the United States, and for patients with CKD, hypertension is a key risk factor for adverse outcomes, such as kidney failure, cardiovascular events, and death. To evaluate a computerized clinical decision support (CDS) system for the management of uncontrolled hypertension in patients with CKD. This multiclinic, randomized clinical trial randomized primary care practitioners (PCPs) at a primary care network, including 15 hospital-based, ambulatory, and community health center-based clinics, through a stratified, matched-pair randomization approach February 2021 to February 2022. All adult patients with a visit to a PCP in the last 2 years were eligible and those with evidence of CKD and hypertension were included. The intervention consisted of a CDS system based on behavioral economic principles and human-centered design methods that delivered tailored, evidence-based recommendations, including initiation or titration of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. The patients in the control group received usual care from PCPs with the CDS system operating in silent mode. The primary outcome was the change in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) between baseline and 180 days compared between groups. The primary analysis was a repeated measures linear mixed model, using SBP at baseline, 90 days, and 180 days in an intention-to-treat repeated measures model to account for missing data. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure (BP) control and outcomes such as percentage of patients who received an action that aligned with the CDS recommendations. The study included 174 PCPs and 2026 patients (mean [SD] age, 75.3 [0.3] years; 1223 [60.4%] female; mean [SD] SBP at baseline, 154.0 [14.3] mm Hg), with 87 PCPs and 1029 patients randomized to the intervention and 87 PCPs and 997 patients randomized to usual care. Overall, 1714 patients (84.6%) were treated for hypertension at baseline. There were 1623 patients (80.1%) with an SBP measurement at 180 days. From the linear mixed model, there was a statistically significant difference in mean SBP change in the intervention group compared with the usual care group (change, -14.6 [95% CI, -13.1 to -16.0] mm Hg vs -11.7 [-10.2 to -13.1] mm Hg; P = .005). There was no difference in the percentage of patients who achieved BP control in the intervention group compared with the control group (50.4% [95% CI, 46.5% to 54.3%] vs 47.1% [95% CI, 43.3% to 51.0%]). More patients received an action aligned with the CDS recommendations in the intervention group than in the usual care group (49.9% [95% CI, 45.1% to 54.8%] vs 34.6% [95% CI, 29.8% to 39.4%]; P < .001). These findings suggest that implementing this computerized CDS system could lead to improved management of uncontrolled hypertension and potentially improved clinical outcomes at the population level for patients with CKD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03679247.

Combination Of HCD, Persona, MVP, and Thumb Zone for Designing TNI Physical Fitness Monitoring Application

This research contributed to producing a combination of design methods and design of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) physical fitness monitoring application. This research is very important because TNI institutions really need a physical fitness monitoring application to be able to make the right decisions. The design of the physical fitness monitoring application primarily uses the Human-Centered Design (HCD) method which is then combined with the Persona, Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and The Thumb Zone methods. The combination of HCD with Persona has been proven to be used to understand and determine usage content and user needs. The combination of HCD with MVP has proven to be able to be used to produce design solutions to meet user needs. The combination of HCD with Thumb Zone has proven to be able to be used to evaluate designs against user needs. Finally, as many as 20 Persona respondents agreed that the combination of HCD, Persona, MVP, and Thumb Zone proved reliable for producing physical fitness monitoring application design solutions that can be used naturally and meet the needs of TNI.

Guided STEM Activity Kits for Parents With Preschool Children: Design, Frequency of Use, and Parent Evaluation

ABSTRACT Parents boost STEM skills by scaffolding children’s attention and discovery during play, but many need support doing so. Using human-centered design (HCD) methods, we created activity kits fostering parents’ (a) involvement in and (b) valuing of parent-child play to promote preschoolers’ STEM skills. Study 1 documents how HCD methods informed the design of guided activity kits. In initial home visits, we videorecorded six parent-child dyads playing with basic building materials. Play revealed minimal parental STEM scaffolding and talk. Collaborating with 18 families and drawing on prior research, parent interviews, videotaped play sessions, and advisory-board members’ expertise, the interdisciplinary research team designed and refined activity kit prototypes. Study 2 was a randomized field test comparing use and evaluation of final guided kits (n = 50) versus basic kits (n = 25) that contained identical building materials and challenges but omitted scaffolding guides. Both groups received kits by mail every other week for 10 weeks. Relative to parents given basic kits, parents given guided kits (a) reported significantly more sustained use of the kits across the 10 weeks, (b) felt more self-efficacy in fostering their child’s STEM learning, and (c) judged that their child had achieved greater STEM-skill learning from program use.

PERANCANGAN TAMPILAN APLIKASI DOMPET DIGITAL BERBASIS MOBILE DENGAN PENDEKATAN HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN

This research aims to design and develop the user interface of a mobile-based digital wallet application using the Human-Centered Design (HCD) approach. The HCD method is employed to prioritize user needs and preferences in the application interface development. The application prototype includes features such as transaction tracking, budget management, and financial reporting, with the goal of enhancing the user experience in personal financial management. The development process involves design iterations based on user feedback to ensure the interface aligns with user expectations and needs. Usability testing results using the System Usability Scale (SUS) indicate a positive score of 75.6, signifying good acceptance of the application interface. The practical implications of this research are to provide more effective design guidelines for the development of digital wallet applications that consider user comfort and needs.

Evaluation and Improvement of User Interface Design of Bandung City APBD Website Using Human Centered Design Method

The Bandung City APBD website was built to educate and inform the wider community about regional financial transparency. However, in its development, several problems were found such as monotonous appearance, unclear colour contrast, and others. Therefore, the Human Centered Design method was chosen as the development of design solutions to the problems that exist on this website. This research conducted 2 evaluation processes and obtained an average effectiveness value of 100% using the completion rate formula, the average efficiency value (before 0.0114 goals/second, after 0.0125 goals/second) using the time-based efficiency formula, and the user satisfaction value (before 66 was in the 'bad' predicate, after 104 was in the 'very good' predicate). This shows that the improvements made are in accordance with user needs and have a high level of satisfaction.

Applications of artificial intelligence and cognitive science in design

Abstract Artificial intelligence and cognitive science are two core research areas in design. Artificial intelligence shows the capability of analysing massive amounts of data which supports making predictions, uncovering patterns and generating insights in varying design activities, while cognitive science provides the advantage of revealing the inherent mental processes and mechanisms of humans in design. Both artificial intelligence and cognitive science in design research are focused on delivering more innovative and efficient design outcomes and processes. Therefore, this thematic collection on “Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science in Design” brings together state-of-the-art research in artificial intelligence and cognitive science to showcase the emerging trend of applying artificial intelligence techniques and neurophysiological and biometric measures in design research. Three promising future research directions: 1) human-in-the-loop AI for design, 2) multimodal measures for design, and 3) AI for design cognitive data analysis and interpretation, are suggested by analysing the research papers collected. A framework for integration of artificial intelligence and cognitive science in design, incorporating the three research directions, is proposed to inspire and guide design researchers in exploring human-centred design methods, strategies, solutions, tools and systems.

Using Human-Centered Design to Explore Potential Users' and Men's Views of New Injectable Contraceptives in Kampala and Lagos.

Injectable contraceptives are the most used method in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted market research to assess potential user attitudes toward 4- and 6-month injectables. We also present user suggestions for marketing these new injectables once they are available. We implemented a 2-phase market research study from October through December 2021 in Kampala, Uganda, and Lagos, Nigeria. We conducted 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 51 participants in Kampala and 12 FGDs with 67 participants in Lagos. FGDs included current and potential injectable users and men stratified by marital status and age. Next, 23 women in Kampala and 24 in Lagos participated in cocreation workshops using human-centered design methods to explore marketing and communications strategies for each injectable. Data collection teams completed semistructured data extraction tables that were then analyzed thematically. Participants liked both injectable options due to the reduced number of facility visits that would save time and money and increase privacy. Primary concerns included side effects, delayed return to fertility, cost, self-efficacy to self-inject, and stock-outs. Participants in Kampala preferred a shorter reinjection window (or "grace period") because it is easier to remember and they assumed it meant a quicker return to fertility, but participants in Lagos preferred a longer window because it provides extra time for reinjection. Citing norms around women needing to get pregnant quickly after marriage, participants in both sites felt that the 4-month injectable would benefit young people with busy lifestyles or limited access to facilities, whereas the 6-month injectable would benefit women who already had children. We found that participants in Kampala and Lagos would prefer additional injectable options to meet the wide-ranging needs of users in different stages of their reproductive lives. Family planning program planners can apply the marketing insights we identified when these new injectables become available.

The Human-Centredness Metric: Early Assessment of the Quality of Human-Centred Design Activities

Human-centred design as a research field is characterised by multidisciplinarity and a variety of many similar methods. Previous research attempted to classify existing methods into groups and categories, e.g., according to the degree of user involvement. The research question here is the following: How can human-centredness be measured and evaluated based on resulting product concepts? The goal of the paper is to present and apply a new metric—the Human-Centredness Metric (HCM)—for the early estimation of the quality of any human-centred activity based on the four goals of human-centred design. HCM was employed to evaluate 16 concepts, utilising a 4-point Likert scale, covering four different everyday products that were created by four students, which used three different human-centred design methods for this. The first concept was created without the application of any additional human-centred design method. The results illuminated trends regarding the impact of additional human-centred design methods on the HCM score. However, statistical significance remained elusive, potentially due to a series of limitations such as concept complexity, the small number of concepts, and the early developmental stage. The study’s limitations underscore the need for refined items and expanded samples to better gauge the impact of human-centred methods on product development.

A youth-centred approach to improving engagement in HIV services: human-centred design methods and outcomes in a research trial in Kisumu County, Kenya

IntroductionInnovative interventions are needed to improve HIV outcomes among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with HIV. Engaging AYAs in intervention development could increase effectiveness and youth acceptance, yet research...

Using virtual design sprints to promote inclusive collaboration in composition programs

Writing researchers, teachers, and writing program administrators face significant challenges in promoting inclusive collaboration that brings together diverse perspectives without overburdening vulnerable stakeholders. This article reports on a case study in which a virtual design sprint was used to facilitate inclusive collaboration for a human-centered design project focused on redesigning a graduate teaching assistant mentoring program. The virtual design sprint was conducted over one week by a transdisciplinary team, including writing program administrators and graduate teaching assistant mentors and mentees. By providing a highly structured approach to intensive collaboration, the virtual design sprint enabled efficient integration of diverse perspectives while minimizing demands on participants. Furthermore, it helped the design team produce promising solutions aligned with their experiences and needs. Findings suggest virtual design sprints offer an effective method for inclusive collaboration that can be adapted to promote inclusivity through a wide range of writing program, writing instruction, and writing research activities. The structured collaborative process allows teams to rapidly develop empathy, ideate, prototype, and test solutions using human-centered design methods and develop solutions that are beneficial for diverse program stakeholders.

Evaluasi Geotagging Pada Aplikasi Smile di BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Tanjung Morawa Menggunakan Metode Human Centered Design

The SMILE application (Worker Protection Information System) is a special application belonging to the Tanjung Morawa Branch of Employment BPJS which has been integrated with all Employment BPJS companies. The SMILE application system can be used to transfer membership, check membership status and be used for updating data, correcting internal office data, updating data and geotagging. However, the SMILE application still has problems when doing geotagging, namely on the display and maps to find the address point for the company's location. The author aims to evaluate the geotagging interface in the SMILE application using Human Centered Design. HCD (Human Centered Design) is a method which in its process is based on the general natural characteristics of humans with the hope of creating a system based on user needs and being able to solve problems and constraints faced by users. The author is not at the real development stage, because the application currently running has a lot of data so it will be risky if development is carried out, without careful calculations. Based on user feedback with a total of 5 respondents. The final result is in the form of a prototype based on user interface evaluation using the HCD method as a reference material for improving the SMILE application.&#x0D; Keyword: Human Centered Design, Geotagging, SMILE Aplication

Barriers and Facilitators to Ophthalmology Visit Adherence in an Urban Hospital Setting.

To explore barriers and facilitators to completing scheduled outpatient appointments at an urban academic hospital-based ophthalmology department. Potential participants were stratified by neighborhood Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) (range, 0-1.0, higher scores indicate greater vulnerability), and semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals 18years and older with an SVI of greater than 0.61 (n = 17) and providers delivering care in the General Eye Clinic of the University of Illinois Chicago (n = 8). Qualitative analysis informed by human-centered design methods was conducted to classify barriers and facilitators into three domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: outer setting, inner setting, and characteristics of individuals. There were four main themes-transportation, time burden, social support, and economic situation-all of which were within the outer setting of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research; transportation was most salient. Although providers perceived health literacy as a barrier affecting motivation, patients expressed a high motivation to attend visits and felt well-educated about their condition. A lack of resources outside of the health system presents significant barriers for patients from neighborhoods with high SVI. Future efforts to improve adherence should focus on resource-related interventions in the outer setting. Improving access to eye care will require community-level interventions, particularly transportation. Understanding the barriers and facilitators within the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research provides useful guidance for future interventions, specifically to focus future efforts to improve adherence on resource-related interventions.

REDESIGNING THE USER INTERFACE OF THE SUPERCONSIGN APPLICATION USING THE HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN METHOD

This study aims to redesign the User Interface (UI) of the SuperConsign application using the Human-Centered Design method as a solution to enhance user comfort and satisfaction. The study involved 20 participants from the general public who have experience purchasing second-hand items and using second-hand sales applications to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Human-Centered Design method in creating a better user experience and improving the potential of the SuperConsign application in the market. The method comprises three main stages: inspiration, ideation, and implementation. Through observation and analysis of issues with the SuperConsign application, the study resulted in a better and more user-friendly UI redesign. The result of the study revealed a significant increase in usability scores from 38 to 76.5 based on the System Usability Scale (SUS). It can be concluded that SuperConsign is better and more user friendly after UI redesigning.

Elucidating Harm Reduction Principles in a Client-Centered Representative Payee Program.

Harm Reduction seeks to mitigate harms associated with health behaviors without the expectation that these behaviors be extinguished completely. Client-Centered Representative Payee (CCRP) is an intervention that modifies the US Social Security Administration's (SSA) Representative Payee policy by incorporating relational harm reduction. We used Human-Centered Design (HCD) methods to elucidate ways that harm reduction principles are present in and integral to CCRP and to create a blueprint for replication. Thirteen individuals familiar with CCRP brainstormed 88 statements, which were parsed, consolidated, and then independently assigned by a subgroup of participants to six principles of harm reduction. After refining the data, 29 statements aligning with harm reduction principles remained. Delineating harm reduction within CCRP, which can empower and establish trust with clients, may help other providers identify how to offer representative payee services that are respectful, compassionate, rooted in harm reduction, and ultimately improve client outcomes.

Using human-centered design to develop a national research landscape for marine energy in the United States

In 2021, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) awarded the Pacific Ocean Energy Trust a grant to act as the coordinator of a foundational research network, ultimately named the University Marine Energy Research Community (UMERC). The community aims to facilitate connection between U.S. university researchers, industry, and government research laboratories to close common gaps in foundational research that are prohibiting the pathway to commercialization. To achieve this goal, UMERC held a series of workshops to create a Research Landscape (Landscape), which identified current challenges, gaps, research capabilities as well as uncovering additional questions about where the sector is headed. A human-centered design (HCD) approach was used throughout the three-workshop series. &#x0D; HCD is a problem-solving and design technique that uses human perspective and emotion to develop solutions. The stages of human centered design include inspiration, ideation, implementation and validation, or testing, in an iterative, or cyclical process that results in ongoing refinement. HCD is carried out with the acknowledgement that values vary from context to context and are subject to change as people and technologies interact over time (Zachry and Spyridakis).&#x0D; It is through this approach that we are able to identify the current gaps and challenges and through the HCD approach, we will continue to refine the Landscape as current challenges and gaps are retired and new challenges and gaps arise. This will help account for the fast pace of innovation in the marine energy sector, where human-technology interactions are changing as the technology develops, and there are new entrants into the market. With the current state of fluidity in technology design and application, what works at one location may not work at another location. Using HCD methods and sensibilities, workshop participants, including individuals from universities, private sector companies and the national laboratories, we able to bring in their individual perspectives to develop the Landscape.&#x0D; Through the HCD process, the workshops revealed a set of values, tools, research interests and gaps and challenges. These were synthesized into what is now the current Landscape that can be found on the UMERC website. The values are themes that should be considered when designing marine energy projects. These include community, innovation and new technologies or applications, education, sustainability, equity, blue economy, and collaboration. The main challenges were condensed into four categories that include creating markets and a trained workforce, management and logistics, understanding and protecting the environment, and marine energy engineering, research and development. The tools are actions that can be carried out to overcome the main challenges. Finally, a list of common research areas was identified under each main challenge area.&#x0D; Following our HCD methodology, our cycle of iteration will soon start again. While the current Landscape serves as a benchmark, the next steps include a series of industry-academic brainstorming sessions, with the aim of creating collaborative projects to address challenges, as well as come up with a list of common technology agnostic challenges, in hopes to push future research funding.