Human Capital Index Research Articles

Влияние размещения экономических ресурсов на особенности пространственной организации России

Distribution of economic resources across Russian regions has attracted wide attention due to its significant impact on economic growth potential. Despite numerous approaches to the definition and classification of economic resources, there is no unified comprehensive methodology for assessing their spatial distribution and influence on spatial organisation of the national economy. Therefore, this article aims to study the organisation of the Russian economic space by identifying areas of resource concentration in regions, their spatial relationships and impact on socio-economic development. To this end, index and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis, cartographic analysis are applied. In accordance with the modern strategic approach to the spatial development of Russia, the study examines the macro-regional level. Natural resources, human capital, and economic development indices were calculated in order to assess the distribution of economic resources and formation of layers (natural, social, productive) of the spatial framework of Russia. These indices are based on socio-economic indicators of Russian regions for 2010 and 2021. To determine areas of resource concentration, a correlation and regression analysis of the influence of indices as a numerical expression of layers of the spatial organisation was performed. A synthesis of the formed layers revealed the following Russian macro-regions of concentration of various economic resources and potential backbone regions of the spatial framework: Central (Moscow, Moscow and Kaluga oblasts), Ural-Siberian (Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous okrugs, Tyumen oblast), Central Black Earth (Voronezh and Belgorod oblasts), Northwestern (St. Petersburg, Leningrad and Murmansk oblasts). The findings can be used to identify ways to improve the organisation of the Russian economic space, increase the effectiveness of regional development policies and expand the methodology for assessing and forming other spatial layers of the economy.

Human Capital Development, Employment and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Human Capital Development has been the crux of any nation’s development and it has lasting benefits and spiral effects. Nigeria has witnessed increased economic growth without a corresponding increase in employment and human capital development indicators. It is on this ground that, the study set to examine the effect of human capital development on economic growth through employment in Nigeria from 1986-2021. The study is anchored on four theories viz; the Solow growth, the Keynes employment model, the Endogenous growth model, and Human Capital Theory. The study relies strictly on secondary data sources further, the study used descriptive and inferential statistics methods. Using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF), stationarity test results show that all variables were stationary at first difference. The study further employed variance decomposition, impulse response Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model to test for Hypotheses. The study found a positive and weak transmission between human capital development and economic growth through employment the result is significant at 5% significant level. The study concluded that there is insufficient funding of human capital to spur economic growth through employment. Therefore the study recommends that government should increase expenditure on education and encourage and promote academic excellence with appropriate remunerations such as granting scholarships, employment, training, and re-training of excellent students.

An Overview of Nigerian Macroeconomic and Financial Development

The Nigerian economy is one of the biggest in Africa. It has been based mainly on the petroleum industry since the late 1960s. Since 1973, a series of rises in the price of oil has led to a rapid expansion of the transportation, building, manufacturing, and government services industries [1, 2, 3]. Due to the considerable migration of rural residents into the more extensive urban areas, agricultural productivity became so stagnant that cash crops like cotton, peanuts, and palm oil lost their significance as export commodities [4, 5, 9]. After the pandemic-caused recession in 2020, the Nigerian economy improved, but macroeconomic stability declined. The inflation rate in Nigeria is very high, and millions of the Nigerian population lives in poverty due to global commodities shocks, the currency's falling value, trade difficulties, and monetization of the deficit [6, 7, 8, 10]. The rising oil price has had no positive impact on the Nigerian economy since 2021. The country's oil revenue growth is declining due to subsidies on gasoline, and the oil output rate is badly affected [11, 12, 14]. Over 40% of the Nigerian population in 2018 lived in poverty, and over 20% is badly affected and vulnerable. Researchers forecast that over 7.6 million Nigerian are likely to live in poverty between the years 2019 and 2024 because of the rapid population growth in the country [15, 16, 17]. The Nigerian economy is projected to grow by an average of 3.3% in 2022–2024. Still, risk factors like drops in oil production and increased insecurity are significant threats to the country's economic growth [19, 20]. Along with persistent budgetary and debt pressures, high inflation contributes to uncertainty. Furthermore, continued currency shortages and reduced liquidity could impact non-oil sector economic activity and jeopardize macroeconomic stability [21, 22, 13]. Strategic Revenue Growth Initiative (SRGI) Nigeria has made some socioeconomic progress recently. However, the World Bank's 2020 Human Capital Index categorized Nigeria as 150 out of 157 in human capital development [23, 24, 18]. The Nigerian government needs to modify the economy, improve weak institutions and public financial management systems and resolve governance issues to achieve remarkable economic growth. [25, 26]. The constant high levels of inequality in terms of income and opportunities contribute to poverty in the country [27, 28]. Unemployment, social and regional disparities, and political discontent also contribute to a lack of economic growth and poverty. Over 8 million households have been pushed into poverty due to the negative impact of 2020-2022 high inflation [29, 30]

УКРАЇНА ЯК ГЛОБАЛЬНИЙ ГРАВЕЦЬ У СВІТОВІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ В ТРЕТЬОМУ ДЕСЯТИЛІТТІ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ

The purpose of the study is to identify the prospects for the development of the national economy and the transformation of the infrastructure of Ukraine in the post-war reconstruction based on the study of the resource base, intellectual potential and the vision of other countries' development of our country. The research methodology is a critical analysis of the state and development prospects of elements of the socio-economic system using rating, comparative analysis and logical judgments. Based on the study of scientific articles, it has been proven that Ukraine has a high resource potential. Also, the country's economic system significantly affects the stock market, energy, food and fertilizer markets. We occupy the first place in Europe in terms of proven reserves of uranium ores and the first position in terms of arable land, the first place in the world in the export of sunflower and sunflower oil. We rank second in the world in terms of reserves of titanium, iron, and mercury ores, as well as in the installed capacity of nuclear power plants. The country ranks third in Europe in terms of shale gas reserves and the area of black soil. The results of modelling according to the National Institute Global Econometric Model (NiGEM) are given: a decrease in the level of world GDP by 1.0% and an increase in global inflation to 3.0% in 2022. The main negative consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war are highlighted. The main economic factors of influence include the opportunity cost of military investments; humanitarian losses of the financial system; the burden of post-war reconstruction. The work proves that the resource economy can provide insignificant revenues to the budget. It is emphasized the need to start the production of goods and the provision of services in the field of high technologies, in particular, based on Industry 4.0. Based on the analysis of the Human Capital Index, the need to develop the intellectual potential of Ukraine is substantiated. The main points for increasing the Investment Attractiveness Index are given. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of developing the national economy of Ukraine based on the existing resource base, taking into account the intellectual potential to raise the subjectivity of the country to the level of a global player and successful integration into the cohort of countries with developed socio-economic systems.

Analysis of the Digitization Process of Turkish Public Administration Based on the Perspective of Digital Government Index and E-Government Development Index

Considering that modern states began with the collapse of feudalism in the 15th and 16th centuries, states have assumed very different functions in the process up to today. Parallel to this, the delivery of public services has evolved in the context of the advances brought by technology. In this context, the study first discusses the shift from traditional to digital states in general terms. Then, Turkey's digitalization process was examined and information about the Digital Transformation Office established within the Presidency was included. Data from WASEDA University's "Digital State Index" and the United Nations' "E-Government Development Index" were also collected and analyzed. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate Turkey's place in the world using the WASEDA Digital State Index and to compare it with other countries. In addition, based on the United Nations E-Government Development Index, the distribution of "e-government development, e-participation, online service index, telecommunication infrastructure index and human capital indexes" according to years was analyzed comparatively. Examining Turkey's digitalization process in the light of different index data makes this study unique and important. The study used a descriptive method and statistical data, and it was found that Turkey has made significant progress in its digitalization process over the past 20 years. The study's main conclusion is that digitalization is a paradigm shift in Turkish public administration, as it allows for the online delivery of public services regardless of location, reduces bureaucratic obstacles, brings speed and flexibility and facilitates the work of citizens.

The influence of the digitalization factor on the formation and development of human capital in developing countries

As developing countries especially in Africa continues to lag behind in their human capital development pursuit in this era of digitalisation, it is necessary to look at the level of influence on digitalisation factors for the formation and development of human capital. Part of this is to look at the critical involvement of digitalisation access in developing countries in Africa. At the end it is necessary to envisage recommendation that can bolster their abilities to succeed due to high investment in these key factors. The research objectives aim at a broad analysis of the influence of the digitalization factor on the formation and development of human capital in developing looking at the relationship between digitalisation and skill development in the context of 14 developing countries. We have used the Kendall’s correlation coefficient (tau-b) to test the association of the variables relating to EDI ranking and Human Capital Development in other to analyse the relationship between variables. The research result shows that Human Capital Index (HCI) and EDI ranking have negative correlation. In any case if the Human Capital of the fourteen (14) developing countries are reached the Electronic Data Interchange ranking will still decrease. The article is concluded with recommendation that developing countries should invest in human capital especially in digital skills and create the atmosphere required for digital access to their citizen in a bid to adopt digital transformation whilst building the human capital development of the people.

Перемога у війні за незалежність, побудова розвиненої економіки та соціальної держави: позитивний досвід Фінляндії для України

This paper aims to identify the features of Finland’s postwar development, which ensured the successful reconstruction and creation of a welfare state and to formulate recommendations for Ukraine’s postwar recovery on this basis. In order to realize the goal, the author consistently revealed the relevance and importance of the selected research issues and emphasized the importance of reviewing the historical and economic development of the Nordic countries in order to identify the mechanisms and tools of postwar reconstruction. Analyzing the Finnish experience is particularly important given: (1) the fact that Finland, in a short period, managed to make a leap and catch up with the leading countries in terms of economic indicators, even though among the Nordic countries, it was the last on the list of catch-ups; (2) indicators of success and economic development of modern Finland, in particular, entering the top rankings of competitiveness and human capital index; (3) similar historical context of Finland and Ukraine. A brief overview of the Finland–Russia relations history gives a deeper understanding of the reasons for the constant consideration of the USSR’s interests during the postwar period. It explains the commitment to the consensus policy, thanks to which Finland saved its independence, despite significant economic and territorial losses. Based on Finland’s historical experience analysis, the author formulated recommendations that can be implemented in the war economy and postwar reconstruction conditions. Emphasis is placed on the need to preserve, return and increase the human capital of Ukraine. The author concludes that Finland took place as an independent state thanks to institutions’ transparency too. In Ukrainian realities, this aspect can be of decisive importance in the issue of implementing postwar reconstruction programs.

Spatial Variation of Quality of Living in Selected Blocks of Murshidabad District in West Bengal, India

Quality of living conditions refer to the general well-being of individuals and societies, which includes education, family health, employment, wealth, satisfaction, safety, religious belief, freedom, etc. This research paper deals with spatial variation of quality of living regarding various basic services and amenities in selected blocks of Murshidabad district in West Bengal, India. A composite index was developed based on 19 indicators to measure the actual scenario of the living condition of households there. Different indices, such as the human capital index, financial capital index, physical capital index and housing index, have been used to measure block-level disparity and were categorised based on composite score value. As expected, the level of development is unequal, with vast areas of backwardness interspersed with micro zones of development. The findings reveal that the northern part of this region is more developed as compared with other parts of this region. The quality of living and development of a particular region depends not only upon a single criterion but also on the interplay of several socio-economic factors that determine that region’s development level. This study suggests that the backward blocks need urgent improvement in most indicators to enhance the households’ living conditions.

ადამიანკაპიტალის გაზომვის კონცეპტუალური ასპექტები

The hyper-competitive global economy of the twenty-first century has become an era of innovation, technology, productivity, new knowledge and skills and focused on sustainable and inclusive growth. Human capital is one of the fundamental factors for ensuring sustainable and inclusive growth. The process of human capital formation is long and is influenced by many factors. Its measurement is one of the actual issues. The article discusses the analysis of both theoretical concepts of human capital measurement, as well as measurement problems. We consider three approaches for human capital measurement: The Cost-Based Approach - measures human capital by looking at the stream of past investments undertaken by individuals, households, employers and governments. The Income-Based Approach - measures human capital by looking at the stream of future earnings that human capital investment generates over the lifetime of a person. The approach elaborated by Jacob Mincer is empirically implemented by explaining the logarithm of the wage of a worker from her/his educational attainment and labour market experience (which is another source of human capital formation), while controlling for a set of background characteristics such as gender, type of labour contract (e.g. full-time or part-time, fixed term or tenure). The Indicators-based Approach - recently are widely used for measurement of human capital. 1. The UN Human Development Index (HDI), which combines measures of average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development, i.e. health, education and knowledge, and standards of living. The Human Development Index (HDI) provides a single index measure which aims to capture three key dimensions of human development: an access to knowledge, long and healthy life and a sufficient standard of living; 2. World Bank Human Capital Index (HCI); 3. The PISA, which tests 15-16 year olds students for their cognitive skills in terms of reading, mathematics, science and problem solving; 4. The PIAAC, which tests adults for their competencies in terms of literacy, numeracy and ability to solve problems in technology-rich environments. The PISA and the PIAAC are new measures and express cognitive skills and abilities of students. A new approaches of human capital measurement clarifies what indicators can be considered to precisely measure more accurate human capital. The paper presents an empirical analysis of the dynamics of human capital of the Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries and draws relevant conclusions. For this purposes we consider several measurements of human capital: Human Capital Index (http://databank.worldbank.org/data); Human Development Index (http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi), Public Expenditure on education (http://databank.worldbank.org/data) and (http://data.uis.unesco.org). Based on the analysis of the values ​​of the indicators and characteristics discussed above the following can be clearly identified: The higher government spending on education, the higher value of PISA (conclusion are similar regarding HCI and HDI). Georgia's favorable positions allows us to draw certain conclusions: the country requires active support from the government to improve problematic situation in terms of both healthcare and education. It is necessary to have an effective educational system that contributes to raising the level of education in the country (especially at the general education level), attracting qualified personnel to schools, supporting science, introducing scientific and technological achievements, analyzing and evaluating global technological trends. The high level of education of the population is a prerequisite for the development of demand for high-tech products and stimulates the creation of innovative products and processes. The current picture shows the impact of the pandemic on human capital through increasing mortality (which is related to the spread of infection), increasing government spending (related to manage the spread of the virus); It is clear that there is a transmission of the pandemic on the economic equilibrium (through the impact on demand and supply). At the same time, however there is the effect that we can consider as a positive result - acceleration of digitization. Since the process of formation and accumulation of human capital is not short-term, quantitative assessment of the impact will be possible after a certain period of time (the time lag should be taken into account); Keywords: Human Capital; Human Capital Index; Human Development Index; Government Expenditure on Education; PISA. JEL Codes: E24, J24, J41

The Coalition of Average Constants In The Analysis of Unemployment Rates

In this paper, we determine the composite meaning of the unemployment rates. In economic contexts, the unemployment rates are generally defined as the total unemployment rate (T), the male unemployment rate (M), and the female unemployment rate (W). The methodology of the coalition of average constants yields a result that can be defined as the index of the coalition of average constants: impartiality, positivity, and negativity, by transforming these three ratios into two constants and just one average, around the ideal unemployment rate data proven within the scope of this research. The index value is the meaning of unemployment for a country that is subject to selection. The method's finding is as follows: for country Xi 〈i,…,n〉: if ideal unemployment rate is approached over rates in the year, then the index will have impartial rates, affirmative rates, or negative rates. To test this research, we have chosen eleven countries that have wide variation of unemployment rates by considering the collocation of unemployment rates by region in the world. In finalization point, we first constitute the economic problems triangle of these points: M (macroeconomic issues), Y (structural issues), and S (period of normality). We reach just one data of the triangle for the country with the index of the coalition of average constants (CACI) and human capital index (HCI) to determine related issues.

Analysis of Human Capital Effects: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Economic theory presents human capital as playing a driving role in the process of economic and social development in the countries. Indeed, human capital is presented in several research works as a factor that promotes accelerated growth and sustainable development. Microeconomic analyzes also suggest that investments that improve the level of human capital contribute to improving the distribution of income, but also reduce poverty. However, these conclusions seem not to be shared by all researchers. This article aims to enlighten researchers and especially young researchers on the results of the analyzes of human capital’s effects on economic growth, income inequality, poverty and welfare. In order to achieve this objective, we collected information through search engines. This strategy required the definition of four equations with Boolean operators linking the key words of the study, i.e., ‘education’ with ‘economic growth’, ‘income inequality’, ‘poverty’ and ‘welfare’. Based on the results obtained, we note the existence of a consensus around the effects of human capital on poverty and welfare. However, the results obtained for agricultural productivity, economic growth and income inequality remain mixed. One observation made in the literature is the use of education quantity as a proxy of human capital. As the definition of human capital is broader, education quantity cannot be a good proxy. We suggest some avenues for new research based on a more global human capital index, because this one takes into account other dimensions such as stunting, mortality, average number of years of education and education quality,

Regional Competitiveness: Infrastructure, Education, And Health Sectors Approach

This study aims to analyze the effect of the infrastructure, education, and health sectors on regional competitiveness. This is because the government expenditures have been allocated to develop infrastructure, education, and health sectors in each region. In line with the principle of fiscal decentralization to increase services in the public sector. When the government increases the quality of public sectors, it can impact economic growth, social welfare, and regional competitiveness or in the economic developments component. Previous studies show that the government expenditures on the infrastructure and component of the human capital index can increase the economic development in each region. In line with the theory of expenditures by Musgrave, Rostow, and Adolf Wagner. Therefore, using a regression panel data with the secondary data. The result of this study shows the effect of infrastructure, education, and health sectors on the regional competitiveness, study case in the Indonesia Province. Based on this study, it implies that when the local government will increase the competitiveness index, they should allocate more expenditures on this component. Keywords: Regional Competitiveness, Infrastructure, Education, Health Sector

Assessing Productivity Channels of Human Capital in the Southern African Development Community: New Insights from Women’s Empowerment

There is massive and growing volume of literature on human capital and productivity. However, there is little emphasis on the growth channels of human capital, particularly on women’s empowerment, despite its theoretical underpinning and relevance in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Understanding the effective channels of human capital is essential for policymakers in promoting sustainable growth and improved welfare. Given this, the study examines the effect of women’s empowerment through the ‘factor accumulation channel’ and the ‘productivity channel’ on SADC using cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and the Dumitrescu–Hurlin non-causality test. Evidence from short- and long-run effects using the CS-ARDL shows that the factor accumulation and productivity channels of women’s empowerment have not benefited productivity growth in the SADC, although causality flows from the human capital indicators to productivity growth. The vital way for policy to boost productivity in SADC is to improve investment in female education and ensure that human capital is appropriately distributed and matches the economy’s dynamic demands. Based on the findings, the study suggests developing a framework to ascertain from time to time the marginal benefits of investment in female education compared to the marginal costs, both at the levels of the factor accumulation channel and the productivity channel in SADC.

Study on Evaluation of Development of Guilin E-Government Based on E-Government Development Index

E-government has become an important direction for the development of our government. Measuring national and regional e-government development indicators can help government agencies better understand the actual situation of e-government. This paper is based on E-government Development Index, including the Online Services Index (OSI), Telecommunications Infrastructure Index (TII) and Human Capital Index (HCI). The development of e-government in Guilin is evaluated by using the methods of index change analysis and comparative analysis. The relevant data of this paper come from Guangxi Statistical Yearbook, Guilin Economic and Social Statistical Yearbook and the official website of Guilin Bureau of Statistics. From the study of Guilin e-government data, we judged that Guilin e-government is in the trend of rapid development and comprehensive and coordinated development. Through its development trend, we can judge that in the future, Guilin e-government will continue to develop, but at the same time, if we do not deal with the relationship between development speed and development content, it will also bring great trouble to Guilin e-government. Therefore, we put forward the following development suggestions: (1) Guilin e-government should strengthen technological innovation and development, and create an intelligent e-government platform. (2) Guilin e-government will make government services more targeted and build a service platform for special groups. (3) Guilin e-government should formulate e-government policies and improve institutional innovation.

Inequality Of Education And Determines of It In Indonesia

Human capital investment is an effort to improve the quality of human capital, such as through education, training, medical care, and many else. In line with that, education achievement is a prominent indicator of human capital. This condition must be acknowledged and obtain adequate attention because education inequality also affects economic development indirectly, through its effect on economic efficiency. The purposes of this research is to classify inequality of education and what determines it. The methodology used in this research are descriptive and inferential analyzes. The Descriptive analyzes were used to see description or general pictures of education in Indonesia, also to classify inequality of education, using cluster of hierarchy. The inferential analyzes used in this research is binary logistic regression, the purpose is to inferences variables which significantly affect inequality of education in Indonesia. The results show that provinces in Indonesia classified into two categories based on inequality of education, the low education level and good education level, 17 provinces included into low education level and 17 provinces included to good education level, in percentage, it is 50% to 50% . It is also showed which variables significantly affect inequality of education statistically, like education expenditure and poverty in province’s level.

Human Potential reproduction in the Context of new Challenges

Subject. The article considers the evolution of human development theory under the auspices of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the factors influencing human potential reproduction.Purposes. To compare the concepts of “human potential” and “human capital”, existing tools for their assessment. Analysis of the specifc features of Russia’s human potential development and possibilities of its increase.Methodology. In the article are used methods of quantitative analysis and cross-country comparisons, a systematic approach in the study of components of human potential.Results. The author compared the content of the terms “human potential” and “human capital”, which have many common meaningful elements, therefore they can be used in practice as synonyms. The analysis of human development dynamics in Russia highlighted the weaknesses and strengths of this process using the UNDP Human Development Index, Human Capital Index from the World Bank, and Global Human Capital Index from the World Economic Forum (WEF). Russia’s lagging behind developed countries in some human development components requires an active demographic policy, modernization of health care and education, pensions and social assistance, development of cultural, formation of an effcient labor market and an innovation ecosystem.Prospects. To improve the effciency of measures aimed at the active reproduction of human potential it is necessary to continue improving the tools for estimating its components, which should be better aligned with the modern requirements of a rapidly changing technological structure of the economy.

The role of human capital and environmental protection on the sustainable development goals: new evidences from Chinese economy

Currently, the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDG) is the requirement of the entire globe and needs the attention of recent researchers and regulators. Thus, the current research also investigates the impact of human capital and environmental protection on the SDG of the developed economy like China. The researchers have explored the secondary data sources and collected the data from 1986 to 2019, and used the world development indicators (WDI) for this purpose. The current article also used the augmented dickey-fuller test (ADF) to check the stationarity and autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) to test the nexus among variables. The results indicated that all the predictors such as human capital index (human capital), renewable energy consumption and renewable energy production (environmental protection) have a negative association with carbon emission and a positive association with SDG. The outcomes also indicated that control variables such as economic growth and population growth have a positive association with carbon emission. These outcomes provide the guidelines to the regulators while developing policies related to sustainable development goals.

Resource curse versus resource blessing: New evidence from resource capital data

This study aims to investigate the association between natural capital and economic development using panel data comprising a large number of countries across the world for the period 1995–2018. The study accounts for several key drivers of economic development, such as the produced capital, human capital, trade and institutional quality indicators. Our findings demonstrate that the effect flowing from natural capital to economic performance is sizable and positive. The institutional indicators such as the control of corruption, rule of law and government effectiveness play an important role in driving economic growth positively. Overall, we reject the resource curse hypothesis and support the resource blessing hypothesis. The evidence also shows that the combined effect of institutions and resources is not a crucial factor in determining growth. These results are fairly consistent for both developing and developed economies. The study offers important policy implications and adds a new dimension to the empirical literature on the nexus between resource abundance and economic growth by using wealth and capital data.

GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE USE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The exponential growth in the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in all aspects of our lives, combined with the growing need to acquire digital skills to the same extent as literacy, are major changes that create new challenges in the modern world. The article discusses the evolution of human capital and its impact on the development of the digital economy, as well as trends inherent in countries with a high level of the human capital index. In modern conditions, the quality of education and skills determine the efficiency of the economy in terms of increasing the use of ICT, increasing the volume of BBB, and exporting ICT. It is the availability of knowledge, as an integral part of human capital, that determines the amount of new knowledge and technologies being created, their export, and the production of products with high added value. Research shows that the high quality of education contributes to the wider use of digital technologies both in practice and in everyday life. The modern methodology for assessing human capital requires significant adjustments due to the need to assess the impact of human capital on macro- and microeconomic processes, the need for qualitative changes in some components of human capital.

Integration of renewable energy and technological innovation in realizing environmental sustainability: the role of human capital in EKC framework.

For the purpose of this study, the role of technological innovation is examined. Few studies have examined empirically and theoretically the relationship between technological innovation and ecological footprint in conjunction with other factors, such as the human capital index and renewable energy sources, such as biofuels and nuclear power. This study examines the impact of technological innovation on G-7 countries' ecological footprints from 1990 to 2020. A cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model is used in the study. The results of the study show that technological innovation minimizes the ecological footprint. A lower ecological footprint is also associated with increased usage of human capital and renewable energy. Depletion of the natural environment is a short-term and long-term consequence of increased GDP growth. Our results confirm that ecologically sustainable technology enhances the quality of the environment. Consistent panel causality results were achieved. In the context of the G-7 countries, our study's results could support the idea that there are new policy ideas that could help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 13).