Human Body Measurement Research Articles

웨딩드레스를 위한 토르소 및 소매 원형 개발

The purpose of this study is to develop a wedding dress basic torso pattern and sleeve pattern considering good fit and aesthetic for figures of Korean brides in their 20s. For the research method, 3 women in their 20s who has the body size of <TEX>${\pm}$</TEX> S.D range of average figure and dress form suggested by 'the 5th human body measurement' of Size Korea were selected as the test group. The evaluators are 8 clothing construction majors, and the evaluation items included total 22 questions related to torso and total 10 questions related to sleeves. The evaluation was made using 5 Likert point scale. 4 prototypes for basic dress pattern were selected through the literature search. After compare analyzing design methods of prototypes, the real wedding dresses were made in the average size of women in their 20s and the dresses were tried on for the assessment. The data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 Program to examine average, standard deviation and significant differences between basic patterns. Based on the results of the first and the second try-on assessments, a new wedding dress basic pattern with maximized strengths of compared prototypes was completed. The details of result follows. As for dress torso basic pattern, A pattern, which had the highest overall silhouette satisfaction and scores in basic pattern analysis and try-on assessments, was selected as the prototype, and a research basic pattern reflecting strengths of each basic pattern was developed. As for dress sleeve basic pattern, B pattern, which had the highest overall silhouette satisfaction and scores in basic pattern analysis and try-on assessments, was selected as the prototype, and a research basic pattern reflecting strengths of each basic pattern was developed. In this study, a wedding dress basic pattern considering good fit and aesthetic for figures of Korean brides in their 20s was suggested. It is expected that the basic pattern will be used by continuously developing dress market and ready-made wedding dress manufacturers as well as in educational institutes.

Contribuições da cineantropometria no Brasil: grupos de pesquisa e produção científica. DOI: 10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n4p306

Kinanthropometry is a study area that provides a rich source of information about human body measurements, including body composition, proportion and somatotype. This study provides an overview of the scientific contributions of kinanthropometry in Brazil. For this purpose, the database of the 2008 Census, available at the site of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), was searched. The existing research groups were analyzed regarding their composition, geographic location, and institutional affiliation. Studies published between 2007 and June 2010 were also analyzed, as well as the correlation between the number of doctors and the number of publications of the research group. The results indicated that the number of research groups increased from 1996 to 2008, mainly after 2001. Most groups are found in the northeastern and southern regions of Brazil. In addition, a positive relationship was observed between the increase in the scientific production of the research groups and the number of researchers with a doctoral and post-doctoral degree. These findings demonstrate the scientific contribution of kinanthropometry and its increasing importance at the national level.

Automatic head and facial feature extraction based on geometry variations

Facial anthropometry plays an important role in ergonomic applications. Most ergonomically designed products depend on stable and accurate human body measurement data. Our research automatically identifies human facial features based on three-dimensional geometric relationships, revealing a total of 67 feature points and 24 feature lines — more than the definitions associated with MPEG-4. In this study, we also verify the replicability, robustness, and accuracy of this feature set. Even with a lower-density point cloud from a non-dedicated head scanner, this method can provide robust results, with 86.6% validity in the 5 mm range. We also analyze the main 31 feature points on the human face, with 96.7% validity of less than 5 mm.

인체 비율을 이용한 인체의 조인트 자동 검출 및 객체 추적 알고리즘

인간과 컴퓨터의 상호작용이 관심분야로 대두되면서 인체를 검출하고 추적하는 기술들에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단일카메라의 입력으로 인체의 비율을 이용하여 인체 부위를 연결하는 조인트를 자동으로 검출하고 객체를 추적하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안방법은 입력영상과 배경영상의 회색조 영상과 색상 영상의 차영상을 구한 후 그 결과를 결합하여 배경과 전경을 분리하고 객체를 추출한다. 또한 얼굴길이와 인체 각 영역의 측정값을 이용하여 인체 비율을 모델링하고 추출된 객체 실루엣의 코너점과 모델링된 비율을 이용해 객체의 조인트를 자동으로 추출한다. 추출된 조인트의 움직임을 블록매칭 기법으로 객체의 움직임을 추적한다. 제안방법을 카메라로 입력되는 실험동영상에 적용한 결과 인체의 실루엣과 조인트를 자동 검출하며 추출된 조인트 또한 효율적으로 추적되었다. There have been studying many researches to detect human body and to track one with increasing interest on human and computer interaction. In this paper, we propose the algorithm that automatically extracts joints, linked points of human body, using the ratio of human body under single camera and tracks object. The proposed method gets the difference images of the grayscale images and ones of the hue images between input image and background image. Then the proposed method composes the results, splits background and foreground, and extracts objects. Also we standardize the ratio of human body using face' length and the measurement of human body and automatically extract joints of the object using the ratio and the corner points of the silhouette of object. After then, we tract the joints' movement using block-matching algorithm. The proposed method is applied to test video to be acquired through a camera and the result shows that the proposed method automatically extracts joints and effectively tracks the detected joints.

Investigation of Textile Materials for Laser Light Beam Scanning

The scanning of human body as a method for gaining human measurements has several preferences. The gathering of data is possible in a very short time. In comparison to manual measuring methods, scanning acquires a larger amount of measurements. There are several modes of gaining human body measurements using the scanning system: laser scanning, light beam scanning, etc. A research on the laser beam reflection capabilities on different textile materials has been performed. The description of laser reflections has been compared to the Lambert’s law’s characteristics. The matrix of material selection is made in the process of planning the experiment and all possible materials are presented in this matrix. Eight textile materials are chosen for the experimental work: six lingerie and two additional materials. A laser beam with an angle of incidence of 0º and 45º is used to make the experiment. The dependence of the results on the wavelength of laser beams has also been compared.

Human Body Measurement by Robust Stereo-Matching

We have developed a digital photogrammetry system, which enables us to make all-around 3D measurement using the object pictures obtained through the integrated works of digital cameras, projectors and our specific PC software. The system consists of units, each of which is again consists of two synchronized digital cameras and projectors with PC program.The measuring process is now simplified by making all the operations of orientation and measurement analysis automatic; and this, with a single push of a button. Automation of orientation was realized by creating a calibration box covered by color-coded targets, which enables us to make exterior orientation parameters of the cameras automatically.For stereo-matching, in order to minimize the mismatching, we invented Coarse-to Fine Strategy Method by integrating OCM (Orientation Code Matching) or robust matching with LSM (Least Square Matching). Therefore, improving the accuracy of the initial values of OCM, using LSM for fine measurement and making the involved operations automatic, we enhanced the quality of surface measurement and succeeded to shorten the measuring time considerably.In this paper we are presenting the report on our system of human body measurement and its processing method of stereo-matching, as well as on the result of comparing assessment of each matching method.

3D measurement of feature cross-sections of foot while walking

Measurement of human body is useful for ergonomic design in manufacturing. We aim to accurately measure the shapes of human feet for the design of shoes, for which measuring the dynamic shape of the foot in motion is important because the foot deforms while walking or running. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the anatomical feature cross-sections of the foot while walking. The dynamic shape of feature cross-section has never been measured, though those features are very basic and popular. Our proposed method is based on the multi-view stereo method. The target cross-sections are painted in individual colors (red, green, yellow and blue). Several nonlinear conditions are introduced in the process to find the consistent correspondence in all images. We show that the proposed method for dynamic measurement achieved the desired accuracy similar to existing 3D static foot scanners.

Nutrition support during stress response period after tumor extirpation in middle-aged and elderly patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors

Objective To investigate the nutrition support during stress response period after tumor ex-tirpation in middle-aged and elderly patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors. Methods Sixty patients who had undergone maxillofacial tumor extirpation were randomly divided into nutrition therapy group (n = 35) and control group ( n = 25 ). Patients in nutrition therapy group received enteral nutritional treatment, while patients in control group fed themselves. The nutritional status of the two groups before operations were evaluated with Concise Nutritional Assessment Indicators of human body measurement and biochemistry were used to evaluate the nutritional conditions. The incidence of post-operational complications and recovery time ( from the operation to discharge) were analyzed. Results The weight and arm muscle circumference in the nutrition therapy group significantly decreased after operations (P <0. 05). However, in the control group, all the nutritional indica-tors except the total lymphocyte count were significantly lower than the baseline levels after operations (P < 0. 05 ) ; particularly, of the average body weight decreased by about 6 kg. The incidence of complications in the nutrition therapy group was significantly lower than that in control group (5. 7% vs. 12. 0% , P <0. 05). The recovery time was significantly longer in the control group than that in the nutrition therapy group [ (28. 62± 2.38) vs. (22. 76± 3. 24) d, P < 0. 01 ]. Conclusion The nutritional support during the stress response period can satisfy the demands of high catabolism after maxillofacial tumor extirpation operation in middle-aged and elderly patients. Key words: Middle-aged and elderly patients; Tumor extirpation; Stress response period; Nutrition support

Correlation analysis on alpha attenuation and nasal skin temperature

Some serious accidents caused by declines in arousal level, such as traffic accidents andmechanical control mistakes, have become issues of social concern. The physiological indexobtained by human body measurement is expected to offer a leading tool forevaluating arousal level as an objective indicator. In this study, declines in temporalarousal levels were evaluated by nasal skin temperature. As arousal level declines,sympathetic nervous activity is decreased and blood flow in peripheral vessels isincreased. Since peripheral vessels exist just under the skin on the fingers andnose, the psychophysiological state can be judged from the displacement of skintemperature caused by changing blood flow volume. Declining arousal level isexpected to be observable as a temperature rise in peripheral parts of the body.The objective of this experiment was to obtain assessment criteria for judgingdeclines in arousal level by nasal skin temperature using the alpha attenuationcoefficient (AAC) of electroencephalography (EEG) as a reference benchmark.Furthermore, a psychophysical index of sleepiness was also measured using avisual analogue scale (VAS). Correlations between nasal skin temperature indexand EEG index were analyzed. AAC and maximum displacement of nasal skintemperature displayed a clear negative correlation, with a correlation coefficient of−0.55.

Customer-Centric Strategy for E-Manufacturing in Apparel Industry

This paper presents a customer-centric strategy for e-manufacturing in apparel industry. This strategy integrates 3D body scanning and 3D visualising techniques to allow automatic pattern alterations, based not only on human body measurements, but also on the fabrics’ dynamic properties and features. The 3D virtual try-on integration will actually present the exact idolised avatar of the customer virtually dressed. Scan data and patterns will be automatically transferred through ERP web-enabled interfaces direct to the enterprise’s manufacturing operations and facilities, and will be stored separately for each customer in order to create its ID profile which will be applicable for future purchases or reorders.

ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT EXPOSURE OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN THE TECHA RIVER BASIN FROM RADIOACTIVE RELEASES OF THE MAYAK FACILITY

Current doses arising from external and internal pathways have been estimated for the residents of two villages, Muslumovo and Brodokalmak, alongside the Techa River, which was contaminated by radioactive releases from the Mayak production facility. The dose estimates are based on numerous environmental measurements supplemented by further human whole body measurements and studies on occupational and dietary habits of Slavic and Turkish ethnic groups. Estimated doses arise mainly from use of the contaminated floodplains alongside the Techa River. The current average annual effective dose attributable to Cs and Sr in the environment, under conditions where restrictions on some river-related activities are in place, may exceed the Russian national action level of 1 mSv only in the hypothetical critical group of herdsmen in Muslumovo. The dose to this critical group in Brodokalmak is assessed to be 3 times less than that in Muslumovo and 2 fold below the action level. The external and internal exposures give comparable contributions to the total dose in both settlements and population groups: 47% and 53% in Muslumovo and 40% and 60% in Brodokalmak, respectively. About one quarter to one half of the internal dose in adults arises from the intake of Sr. In order to avoid substantial increases in the dose received by Muslumovo residents, it is expedient to prolong the current policy of restriction of some river-related population activities in this village.

Development of Three-dimensional Body Scan Method in Measuring Body Surface

A new camera calibration with regard to a slit laser projection method has been developed to calibrate the camera system that has its own intrinsic problems of aberration and distortion. This method using digital image processing techniques can accurately measure a human body as three-dimensional (3-D) coordinates with a typical optical triangulation method. Therefore it can overcome many difficulties in a traditional inaccurate and time-consuming tactic measurement method such as Martin measurement using rulers and gauges. In comparison with other commercialized scanners, this system can obtain a relatively wide range of data by special scanning processes in which vertical or horizontal laser line profiles are simultaneously acquired by two opposite side charge-coupled device cameras. The measurement method of body dimension for 3-D pattern design using scanned body data is presented. The algorithm of shadow moiré type without its complex installation can successfully generate the moiré patterns on 3-D measured data for an efficient human body measurement with no contact.

Fei Xiaotong [Hsiao‐tung Fei] (1910–2005)

Fei Xiaotong, who died on April 24, 2005, at the age of 94, was China's most important anthropologist and sociologist. An early Native ethnologist and a pioneer of advo? cacy for the interests of studied peoples, he is best known in the West for his field studies of Chinese villages. A cheerful, talkative, energetic?as well as competitive and ambitious? person, Fei in his thirties became a major intellectual figure in China with an outpouring of books and articles on social and political topics. He welcomed the new Chinese Com? munist Party (CCP) regime, which then in the mid-1950s silenced him for over 20 years. Finally, in the reform era of the 1980s and 1990s, in his old age, Fei unexpectedly leapt into an active new life?traveling, writing, talking, advising the government, and playing a key role in the revival of Chinese sociology and anthropology. Fei Xiaotong was born November 2, 1910, near Suzhou in the lower Yangzi region to a cultivated family. His fa? ther had studied in Japan, and his mother, the educated Christian daughter of a government official, founded one of China's first kindergarten schools. Fei had an excellent education. He attended secondary and university institu? tions founded by U.S. missionaries in which English was emphasized. At the elite Yenching University in Beijing, which had China's best sociology program, he was nurtured by Wu Wenzao (a Columbia Ph.D.) and stimulated by the semester visit of Robert E. Park, who was at the time advocat? ing firsthand anthropological studies of small communities. For an M.A. in anthropology, Fei went to nearby Tsinghua (Qinghua) University and studied with one of the few an? thropologists in China, S. M. Shirokogoroff, a White Russian of rigorous European training and encyclopedic knowledge, who after important studies on the culture of Tungus peo? ples in Siberia and Manchuria had turned to physical an? thropology. He taught Fei, in English, practical fieldwork methods and scientific empiricism, as well as techniques for collecting human body measurements. From 1936 to 1938, Fei attended the London School of Economies, studying with Bronislaw Malinowski and Raymond Firth. For years afterward, Fei called himself a functionalist, wrote about Malinowski's ideas, and used illustrations from Trobriand Islanders. His 1938 Ph.D. the-

Rotation Measurement of Human Body in Golf Club Swings and Skill Evaluation

This paper describes a novel method to measure the rotation of golf swing form. The sensor employed in the measurement method is a gyro sensor with rotation measuring. Because this sensor is small and light, the suggested method enables us to utilize it easily not only in limited places such as university and company research facilities but also out door. The system developed by using the three dimensional gyro sensors set at the left hand, fore arm, shoulder and waist can catch the three dimensional rotations. The method achieves a difficult measurement of cock and roll motion. This measurement system can analyze the major features of golf swing, which makes it an effective method for suggesting more dieal swing form. The method is developed for golf swing form measurement, but it can applied to baseball, tennis and so on.

Color phase-shifting technique for three-dimensional shape measurement

A color phase-shifting technique has been recently developed for high-speed 3-D shape measurement. In this technique, three sinusoidal phase-shifted images used for a measurement cycle in a traditional grayscale phase-shifting technique are encoded into one color image. Therefore, only a single color image is needed for reconstructing the 3-D surface shape of an object. The measurement speed can then be increased up to the frame rate of the camera. However, previous experimental results showed that the measurement accuracy of this technique was initially low, due largely to the coupling and imbalance of color channels. In this paper, two solutions, one software-based and one hardware-based, are proposed to compensate for these errors. Experimental results show that the second solution—modification of the camera together with an imbalance compensation algorithm—would effectively reduce the errors and produce better measurement results than the software-based compensation method. This technique has many potential applications in high-speed measurement, such as highway inspection and dynamic measurement of human body.

Correction of the Vibration Effect of Local Tissue-Sensor System in the Transmissibility Measurement of Human Body

In the past, the vibration properties of human bodies were understood through the vibration experiments. In the vibration measurement accelerometers have been widely used, which were fixed on the skin surface. It was recognized that the measured data is affected by the vibration of the local tissue-sensor system where the accelerometer is fixed. This paper presents a new correction method of this local vibration. A single degree-of-freedom linear model for the local tissue-sensor system is assumed. The mass, spring, damper of the local system are estimated by measuring the vibration trasmissibilities in two conditions. The correction is carried out by these parameters. It is found that the proposed approach is easier than the existing approach.

Analytically derived three-dimensional reach volumes based on multijoint movements.

The main objectives of this study were to quantify the range of reaching for the upper body with eight degrees of freedom (the trunk and shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints) and the lower body with six degrees of freedom (the hip, knee, and ankle joints). A sweeping algorithm that included trunk and foot motions was used to generate the analytical total reach volume of the human body for young men. Three types of reach volume--unconstrained arm reach, shoulder-restricted arm reach, and foot reach--were generated depending on the joint involved in reach activities. The robot kinematics methodology was employed to represent the human body as a multilink system, which was needed for calculating three-dimensional coordinates of the involved joints. The statistical test results showed that the total reach volume analytically generated in this study was nearly identical to that obtained from the direct human body measurements. Applications of this research include generating the human body's reach volume for the purpose of designing work spaces and products.

Educational practice of figure processing which processed human body measurement data in Apparel CAD

Educational practice of figure processing which processed human body measurement data in Apparel CAD

Physics‐based 3D head model reconstruction from cephalograms for medical application

AbstractEngineering techniques are being vigorously utilized in the medical sector. Examples are the visualization of human body measurements such as CT and MRI by computer graphics, and the prediction of the results of surgery by computer simulation. This paper discusses a system in which a cephalogram is constructed on the basis of anatomical knowledge, and the change in the 3D facial shape after facial surgery, especially corrective surgery on the jaw, is predicted. The proposed model has a layered structure composed of skeleton, muscle, and skin, and can use physical calculations to generate dynamically the modification of the facial surface accompanying the motion of muscle and skeleton. Using this cephalogram as the standard model, the facial surface and the skeleton shape are modified on the basis of 3D coordinate data on the measurement points obtained from two x‐ray normalized images taken from the front and the side, and the head model for the individual is constructed. The change in shape of the facial surface when bone is moved following the actual surgical procedure is predicted in 3D. In the prediction experiment, a head model was constructed from the x‐ray normalization images of the patient before surgery, and the surgical procedure was simulated. The prediction result was compared with the actual results and evaluated, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(11): 45–55, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10053

Use of Three-Dimensional Scanner Data for Apparel Patterns

In the apparel industry, the technology has been advanced rapidly. The use of 3D scanning systems for the capture and measurement of human body is becoming commonplace. Three-dimensional digital image can be used for design, inspection, and reproduction of physical objects. This study examines a way in which collected 3-D surface anthropometrical data and shape data can be used for apparel pattern drafting process. In this study, a computerized pattern-drafting algorithm was developed to use three dimensional scanner data. The 3D scanner used in this study was Cyberware Whole Body Scanner WB-4. It was found that the developed method could improve fit of clothes.