Human Body Measurement Research Articles

Design of Workspace of Human Fingers and Computer Keyboard Operation

There are more and more complex tools and machinery that need be operated by human fingers in our modem industrial environment. Such as computer keyboards, screwdriver, handle wrench, button and switch. All of those should be designed to work effectively and safely with the operators for whom they were designed. At first, ergonomic consideration in design is reachable; this means the operators fingertip must be able to reach the operating component. This is generally no question because human arm has much more degrees of freedom required to position his arms, hands and fingers in the three-dimension space. However, some times we need the finger operate with a fixed wrist. For example in the case in the typing, the reachable workspace of the finger must take into account in such situation.Finger contacting is the most familiar operation mode of the man-machine system, and the index finger takes on the primary operation tasks. From viewpoint of ergonomic engineering, the operation component should be placed within the workspace of the fingertip to reduced or eliminate the movement of palm and arm should to the greatest extent during finger manipulation. Therefore the research of the workspace of ginger is significant to the ergonomic design of the operation device. In this paper, the reachable workspace and workspace under direction restrain of contacting for the index finger are determined using serial mechanism model and the Penalty Function Method based on geometric measurement of human body. The optimal operating position and orientation of human finger is analyzed.

A study to predict weight of children aged upto 2 years based on foot length for emergency drug dosage calculation on basis of predicted weight.

Background: Anthropometry is the science of measurement of human body and is important part of clinical examination. Foot length is an important the growth parameter. Aims & Objectives: (1) To determine correlation between foot length, weight & length of child. (2) To compare drug dosage calculated as per predicted weight from foot length with those calculated on the basis of actual weight. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross sectional study. After taking consent of the parents, 250 children age up to 2 years admitted in NICU and PICU during April 2008 to October 2008 were selected by purposive sampling. Information on anthropometric measurements like weight, Head circumference, height and foot length were collected and analyzed using appropriate software. Results: Out of 250 children, 113 (45.2%) are 0-28 days, 87 (34.8%) are 29 days to 1 year, 48 (21%) are between 1 to 2 years of age. The scatter diagram demonstrate a significant correlation between foot length and weight (r2 = 0.948; p<0.01) and between foot length and length (r2 = 0.94; p<0.01). The weight of the child up to 2 years can be calculated by mathematical formula, using best fit regression line is weight = - 4.55 + [1.222 + foot length in cm]. The dose calculated on the basis of predicted weight exceeded the standard dose up to + 2.48 - 2.50% for drugs. Conclusion: There is significant direct correlation between foot length and weight and also with length in child up to 2 years.

Taking the Human Body Measurement Analysis of the Degree of Difficult

Taking the Human Body Measurement Analysis of the Degree of Difficult

Nutritional status, socio-economic and hygienic condition of school aged children of a village of Pune district, Maharashtra

The field of anthropometry encompasses a variety of human body measurements, such as weight, height and size; including skin fold thickness, circumference, lengths, and breadths. Anthropometry is a key component of nutritional status assessment in children and adults. Anthropometric data for children reflect general health status, dietary adequacy and growth and development over time. The main objective of the study was to diagnose and analyze the magnitude and causes of nutritional and health problems of the village.Method: Anthropometric reference data of 100 children between 7-14 years of age from a small village situated 30 km from Pune. Using this data BMI i.e. Body Mass Index was calculated which helps in determining whether an individual is overweight or underweight.

A Study on Growth of Human Body Measurements and Its Implication on Clothing Consumption in Tamilnadu, India

Body dimensions differ from person to person as well as generation to generation. It is essential to periodically provide anthropometric surveys to revise the sizing system according to recent changes in the data, in order to allow apparel manufacturers to produce mass customized products. The sizing system has a vital role in apparel fit, which attracts customers to buy ready to wear garments. There will not be quality in apparel unless it satisfactorily fits the potential wearers. Current sizing standards rely on anthropometric data that are decades old. The current generation is apparently taller than its predecessors. People are growing into a race of giants and the future generations are likely to be even bigger. Increasing human sizes will have implications on future homes, clothes, cars and furniture. This study will help to prove this fact through figures obtained by taking the measurements of those above 18 years old and their parents. It will also be helpful to find out the impacts of changes in dimensional growth on clothing consumption.

A study on procedure for classifying male muscular lower body somatotype from general anthropometric database

The most researches developing pattern of compression style sportswear were targeted at the live model that has muscular body build. The purpose of this study was developing a method for classifying men's lower body types in terms of muscular body build. The 3D human body scan data and body measurements of 30s of Size Korea were analyzed. The subjects (n=203) were men between the ages of 30 and 39 years. Men's muscular body build was classified with two key dimensions, thigh girth and calf girth. The subjects were divided into four groups. From each group, average subjects (n=42) whose height and weight were close to the mean value (<TEX>$mean{\pm}1/2$</TEX> S.D.) were selected. 42 subjects were divided up as four groups. Group I (n=7) was thigh and calf developed body type. Group II (n=9) was thigh developed body type. Group III (n=11) was calf developed body type. Group IV (n=15) was thigh and calf undeveloped body type. Four groups had distinct different at widths (n=4), depths (n=4), and girths (n=9) dimensions. The results showed that the muscular men in their 30s could be defined by thigh and calf girths. The thigh developed muscular men had thigh girth over 60cm and the calf developed muscular men had calf girth over 38cm. From each group one representative was selected by 3D body scan figure.

Measuring accurate body parameters of dressed humans with large-scale motion using a Kinect sensor.

Non-contact human body measurement plays an important role in surveillance, physical healthcare, on-line business and virtual fitting. Current methods for measuring the human body without physical contact usually cannot handle humans wearing clothes, which limits their applicability in public environments. In this paper, we propose an effective solution that can measure accurate parameters of the human body with large-scale motion from a Kinect sensor, assuming that the people are wearing clothes. Because motion can drive clothes attached to the human body loosely or tightly, we adopt a space-time analysis to mine the information across the posture variations. Using this information, we recover the human body, regardless of the effect of clothes, and measure the human body parameters accurately. Experimental results show that our system can perform more accurate parameter estimation on the human body than state-of-the-art methods.

Measurement and Protection of Human Body Electrostatic of Mobile User Terminal

This paper, on the basis of the electrostatic discharge test of mobile user terminals and electrostatic parameters measurement of human body, got electrostatic potential of human body in different condition. The results show that the main factors effecting human body electrostatic are environmental relative humidity, humans dressing, human activities and so on. Then error between the experimental measurement data and the theoretical analysis result are analyzed. Finally proposed some protective measures according to the harm of human body electrostatic to mobile user terminal.

중학교 기술 가정.교과서의 의복구성 분야 내용 분석

The purpose of this study was to analyse the structure and contents of clothing construction field in the middle-school textbook of technology and home economics with curriculum revised in 2007. 10 kinds of textbooks certified by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in 2010 were selected and home economics field in them was the subject of this study with the external characteristics such as textbook system, instruction area and contents included. This study was content analysis-oriented and descriptive with data calculated by frequency and percentage. The findings are as follows. In `Reality of Home-Life`, food life area showed highest as 34.4% followed by clothing life(28.7%) and dwelling life(28.7%). The portion of present teachers in writing staffs was highest while there was no textbook where professors of each field were included in writing staffs. The contents of costume society, clothes material, clothes management from section `Choice and Management of Clothes` in the chapter `Family Life` and clothing construction from the section `Making and Modifying Clothes` of the chapter `Reality of Home-Life` were analysed in this study. Clothing construction-related fields were suggested separately by method of measurement, construction theory, drafting theory, drafting an original form, fabric trimming, utilization of the original form, length measure, cloth cutting, hand stitching, how to use a sewing machine, basting and correction, needlework process, completion, and evaluation. The contents of the unit `Making Shorts` were about clothing construction theory, human body measurement, drafting an original form, process of making shorts and activity/research/experience. The contents of the unit `Wearing Clothes after Fixing` in clothing construction-related field were about how to fix and recycling.

A feature‐based anthropometry for garment industry

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a method to automatically generate individualized body size measurements from cloud point of a body scanner. It aims to propose a fast, reliable, and unambiguous method to obtain human body measurements for use in the garment industry.Design/methodology/approachBased on a previous study by the authors, geometric features on the scanned body are identified by computerized algorithms through mathematical definitions. Feature lines situated on the human body surface are created as polylines that pass through the body's features and three types of computer measurements (tape‐measurement, contour‐measurement, and linear‐measurement) are provided.FindingsBy dividing the body surface into rectangular patches using the feature lines as boundaries, the body can be reconstructed easily with a minimal amount of triangles while retaining the essential shape. The proposed measuring method applies to most manual measurements used in the garment industry. The authors evaluated the anthropometry variations of the same subject to explore the reliability of the proposed method. It was found that the precision of the method is well below the standard requirement of the traditional manual method.Research limitations/implicationsIn this research, subjects were scanned in standing pose; this pose minimizes regions obstructed by body parts and permits maximal acquisition of as many key landmarks. Since the features are identified by geometric analysis without the need for marker attachment, measurements of the required sitting position are impossible to obtain in the current study.Originality/valueResolution of meshing can be changed according to application requirements. Contrary to the traditional manual method, efficiency and precision are the advantages of the present method.

From body measurements to body shape perception: an intelligent tool for garment design

This paper presents a model characterising the relation between emotional descriptive keywords describing human body shapes and concrete body measurements. Three procedures have been proposed for building this model. In the first procedure, the experts generate a list of emotional descriptors describing human body shapes and then evaluate a set of virtual human bodies of different shapes using these descriptors. Next, two algorithms of decision tree (CART and fuzzy-ID3) have been applied for modelling the relation between each emotional descriptor and the ratios of relevant body measurements. In the second procedure, the experts evaluate the relationship between these concrete emotional descriptors and a number of abstract fashion themes such as ‘sporty’ and ‘attractive’ without taking into account any specific human body shape. This conceptual relationship given by different experts is modelled using a fuzzy cognitive map. In the third procedure, the two previous models are combined using the fuzzy relation operations. Using this combined model, garment designers can quickly identify personalised and variable body shapes, expressed by a set of concrete and abstract keywords, from human body measurements. These keywords will be further integrated into an expert knowledge base of garment design for developing personalised new products.

1P1-K01 Kinectと人体寸法データベースを用いた人の把持物体の情報取得(3次元計測/センサフュージョン)

It is important for robots to acquire the information of a person's grasped objects when robots assist or communicate with the person. Kinect can extract the image of a person and his/her grasped objects, therefore to extract the image of the grasped objects is the problem to be solved. To perform image extraction for such subjects, it had been proposed methods using Image Feature Extraction and Machine Learning. However, these require a huge learning image data. Therefore, this study proposes the method with Kinect by using Body Dimension Database. By performing the Multiple Regression Analysis, to obtain wrist position, We estimated arm lengths, which is unable to measure adequately with Kinect, with human body measurements which is able to measure adequately with Kinect. And we acquired the information of a person's grasped objects by extracting the image of hand grasped objects.

Разработка серии антенн-аппликаторов для неинвазивного измерения температуры тканей организма человека при различных патологиях

Разработка серии антенн-аппликаторов для неинвазивного измерения температуры тканей организма человека при различных патологиях

Measurement of Human Body's Feature Dimensions Based on the National Standards

In order to recognize and extract feature dimensions automatically from point clouds of human body, a method based on National Institute of Standards is proposed. Using the data provided by the National Institute of Standards GB10000-1988 to divide the search region of each feature point firstly. Then, extracting the feature points in the search region by comparing the coordinate values and the distance from point to straight line with other points . The method has nothing to do with the body shape and improves the robustness of feature point extracting. In the aspect of body dimension's measurement, the critical feature dimensions are calculated by intersection-contour perimeter method and distance between two points methods.

Evaluation of Facial Anthropometric Parameters in 11-17 Year Old Boys

Anthropometry is the study of qualitative specifications based on linear and angular measurements of human body. The aim of the present study was to determine anthropometric parameters of 11-17 year old boys of northeast Iran. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 583 boys of Fars ethnicity living in Mashhad with Class I skeletal and dental relationships. Digital photographs in natural head position were transferred to a computer and the desired anthropometric landmarks were traced on each image. Anthropometric parameters including the width of the forehead, the width of the face, the width of the cranial base, intergonial width, intercanthal width, binocular width, nasal width, mouth width, facial and nasal height and depth of superior, middle and inferior one-third of the face were measured by "Smile Analyzer" software. ANOVA, Tukey test, and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Most of the parameters studied increased gradually with age. A growth spurt was evident at the ages of 15-16 years old for binocular width, nasal width, nasal height and depths of middle and inferior one-third of the face. Facial height was among some parameters which were found to increase slightly after 16. Unlike the other parameters, intercanthal width showed an irregular pattern of changes and statistical analysis did not show any significant differences among different age groups (P-value = 0.362). Aging of the face occurs in spurts and at different periods of life. During the studied time span, significant growth in most anthropometric parameters except intercanthal width was obvious.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A LOW-COST TRIANGULATION-BASED 3D CAMERA: MICROSOFT KINECT SYSTEM

Abstract. Recent technological advancements have made active imaging sensors popular for 3D modelling and motion tracking. The 3D coordinates of signalised targets are traditionally estimated by matching conjugate points in overlapping images. Current 3D cameras can acquire point clouds at video frame rates from a single exposure station. In the area of 3D cameras, Microsoft and PrimeSense have collaborated and developed an active 3D camera based on the triangulation principle, known as the Kinect system. This off-the-shelf system costs less than $150 USD and has drawn a lot of attention from the robotics, computer vision, and photogrammetry disciplines. In this paper, the prospect of using the Kinect system for precise engineering applications was evaluated. The geometric quality of the Kinect system as a function of the scene (i.e. variation of depth, ambient light conditions, incidence angle, and object reflectivity) and the sensor (i.e. warm-up time and distance averaging) were analysed quantitatively. This system's potential in human body measurements was tested against a laser scanner and 3D range camera. A new calibration model for simultaneously determining the exterior orientation parameters, interior orientation parameters, boresight angles, leverarm, and object space features parameters was developed and the effectiveness of this calibration approach was explored.

신발 사이즈 호칭 개선을 위한 발치수 성장 추이 탐색

This study aims to categorize age groups for shoes manufacturing including shoes size and boot tree development for Koreans. In order to carry out the research, the characteristics of different parts of foot in relation to size are analyzed according to age and sex, making use of human body measurement database. As a result of statistical analysis, it was found that the measurement items such as foot length, metatarsal tibiale, foot breadth and instep circumference of a person reached the range of standard deviation and average numerical figures of an adult group (18-24) from the age of 14 in men's case, and from 12 for women's case, which indicates the time of completion of their foot growth. Based on these findings where males of 14 years old and females of 12 are within similar measurement range to adults, it is necessary to categorize the age groups for shoe sizing system into the following four groups: males 13 years old or under, males 14 years old or over, females 11 years or under, and females 12 years or over. The proportional measurement produced by dividing each measurement item of foot parts by foot length was compared in an independent samples t-test, and there were meaningful differences according to different foot shapes of the two age groups of males 13 or under - males 14 or over, and females 11 or under - females 12 or over. Also, the independent samples t-test for the age groups of males 13 or under - females 11 or under, and males 14 or over - female 12 or over, showed similar meaningful differences, which indicates the differences in foot shapes of male and female during the period of growth.

An investigation on cephalometric parameters in Iranian population

Anthropometry is the biological science of human body measurement. Anthropometry is applied in medical profession such as maxillofacial surgery, growth and development studies, plastic surgery, bioengineering and non-medical branches such as like shoe-making and eye-glasses industries. The aim of this study was to determine Iranian cephalometric parameters and cranial and facial anthropometric ratios. This cross sectional analytical study was done randomly on 137 people from Nikshahr (Iran) with normal face patterns. Facial and cranial ratios was estimated and compared. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. The regression line and the growth coefficient were determined for each Parameter. Finally, the mean values of these parameters were determined. At birth, Iranian population have hypereuryprosopic face and hypercephalic cranium form. While getting older, the midface height increased, face became more prominent, chin became shorter and face and cranium changed to eurycephalic and hyperleptoprosopic forms, respectively. Due to the wide racial combinations in Iran, more studies, with wider sample size, should be conducted among different Iranian race. Key words: Anthropometry, craniofacial, Nikshahr.

Assessment of Facial and Cranial Development and Comparison of Anthropometric Ratios

Anthropometry is the biologic science of human body measurement. Craniofacial anthropometry discusses the characteristics on the measures of different soft and hard tissues of the head and face, and it is considered an important paraclinical record for the growth and development of the index and also for the diagnosis and curing orthodontic matters. Studying the craniofacial anthropometrics ratios is very useful in sciences such as dentistry, medicine, maxillofacial surgery, growth and development studies, plastic surgery, bioengineering, and nonmedical branches such as respiratory equipment and eye-glasses industries. The aims of this study were to determine Iranian cranial and facial anthropometric ratios and compare anthropometric ratios between Iranian and Canadian populations. This cross-sectional analytical study was done randomly on 564 four-to-eleven-year-old boys from Shirvan (North Khorasan, Iran) with normal face patterns. Facial and cranial ratios were estimated and compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The mean values of these parameters were calculated .Finally, the regression line and the growth coefficient were determined for each parameter. Furthermore, the mean anthropometric measurement of Iranians was compared with Canadians. Student t test was used for comparing the measured values. Iranian population when born has hypereuryprosopic face and hypercephalic cranium form. While getting older, the midface height increases, face becomes more prominent, chin becomes shorter, and the face and cranium change to eurycephalic and hyperleptoprosopic form, respectively. Comparison of results related to the face and cranium size between Iranian and Canadian boys (4-11 years old) showed that many craniofacial ratios have significant differences (P < 0.05). Approximately, all of the anthropometric measurements in Iranian population and Canadians were significantly different. Considering the significant difference in the facial and cranial anthropologic ratios and size among Iranians and Canadians, the results obtained from Canadians should not be applied as criteria for treatment plans. Because of the wide population affinity combinations in Iran, more studies, with wider variations, should be conducted among different Iranian population affinity.

웨딩드레스를 위한 토르소 및 소매 원형 개발

The purpose of this study is to develop a wedding dress basic torso pattern and sleeve pattern considering good fit and aesthetic for figures of Korean brides in their 20s. For the research method, 3 women in their 20s who has the body size of <TEX>${\pm}$</TEX> S.D range of average figure and dress form suggested by 'the 5th human body measurement' of Size Korea were selected as the test group. The evaluators are 8 clothing construction majors, and the evaluation items included total 22 questions related to torso and total 10 questions related to sleeves. The evaluation was made using 5 Likert point scale. 4 prototypes for basic dress pattern were selected through the literature search. After compare analyzing design methods of prototypes, the real wedding dresses were made in the average size of women in their 20s and the dresses were tried on for the assessment. The data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 Program to examine average, standard deviation and significant differences between basic patterns. Based on the results of the first and the second try-on assessments, a new wedding dress basic pattern with maximized strengths of compared prototypes was completed. The details of result follows. As for dress torso basic pattern, A pattern, which had the highest overall silhouette satisfaction and scores in basic pattern analysis and try-on assessments, was selected as the prototype, and a research basic pattern reflecting strengths of each basic pattern was developed. As for dress sleeve basic pattern, B pattern, which had the highest overall silhouette satisfaction and scores in basic pattern analysis and try-on assessments, was selected as the prototype, and a research basic pattern reflecting strengths of each basic pattern was developed. In this study, a wedding dress basic pattern considering good fit and aesthetic for figures of Korean brides in their 20s was suggested. It is expected that the basic pattern will be used by continuously developing dress market and ready-made wedding dress manufacturers as well as in educational institutes.