Human Blood Tissues Research Articles

Electrochemical behaviour of 5-fluorouracil at electrochemically pre-treated glassy carbon electrode

The right dosage for a medication is crucial and a large dosage accumulation could have an instantaneous effect. Hence for the analysis of concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human blood tissues, an electrochemical sensor was developed using pre-treatment Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the efficient detection of 5-FU an anticancer medication, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) methods. In order to decrease the expense of the suggested sensor, a straightforward surface alteration was made to the GCE. The examination of scan rate, concentration, pH, simultaneous, and interference analysis produced results that were acceptable. Based on the examination of the aforementioned factors, the electrode procedure, the quantity of protons and electrons transferred, the quantification limit for 5-FU was determined and discussed. Thus the developed pre-treated GCE sensor for 5-FU shows promising platform for the investigation of 5-FU with excellent selectivity and sensitivity.

Toxicity of Glycyl-l-Prolyl-l-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides: Cytotoxic, Oxidative, Genotoxic, and Embryotoxic Perspectives.

The tripeptide H-Gly-Pro-Glu-OH (GPE) and its analogs began to take much interest from scientists for developing effective novel molecules in the treatment of several disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. The peptidomimetics of GPEs exerted significant biological properties involving anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anticancer properties. The assessments of their hematological toxicity potentials are critically required for their possible usage in further preclinical and clinical trials against a wide range of pathological conditions. However, there is so limited information on the safety profiling of GPE and its analogs on human blood tissue from cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic perspectives. And, their embryotoxicity potentials were not investigated yet. Therefore, in this study, measurements of mitochondrial viability (using MTT assay) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays were performed on cultured human whole blood cells after treatment with GPE and its three novel peptidomimetics for 72 h. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN), and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) assays were performed for determining the genotoxic damage potentials. In addition, the nuclear division index (NDI) was figured out for revealing their cytostatic potentials. Embryotoxicity assessments were performed on cultured human pluripotent NT2 embryonal carcinoma cells by MTT and LDH assays. The present results from cytotoxicity, oxidative, genotoxicity, and embryotoxicity testing clearly propounded that GPEs had good biosafety profiles and were trouble-free from the toxicological point of view. Noncytotoxic, antioxidative, nongenotoxic, noncytostatic, and nonembryotoxic features of GPE analogs are worthwhile exploring further and may exert high potentials for improving the development of novel disease-modifying agents.

Age Prediction of Human Based on DNA Methylation by Blood Tissues.

In recent years, scientists have found a close correlation between DNA methylation and aging in epigenetics. With the in-depth research in the field of DNA methylation, researchers have established a quantitative statistical relationship to predict the individual ages. This work used human blood tissue samples to study the association between age and DNA methylation. We built two predictors based on healthy and disease data, respectively. For the health data, we retrieved a total of 1191 samples from four previous reports. By calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between age and DNA methylation values, 111 age-related CpG sites were selected. Gradient boosting regression was utilized to build the predictive model and obtained the R2 value of 0.86 and MAD of 3.90 years on testing dataset, which were better than other four regression methods as well as Horvath’s results. For the disease data, 354 rheumatoid arthritis samples were retrieved from a previous study. Then, 45 CpG sites were selected to build the predictor and the corresponded MAD and R2 were 3.11 years and 0.89 on the testing dataset respectively, which showed the robustness of our predictor. Our results were better than the ones from other four regression methods. Finally, we also analyzed the twenty-four common CpG sites in both healthy and disease datasets which illustrated the functional relevance of the selected CpG sites.

EVIDENCE OF HUMAN INTER-TISSUE BIOELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSFER: THE HUMAN BLOOD TISSUE INTRINSIC BIOELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY TRANSFERRING ONTO A MINIORGAN

Basically the human hair consists of a follicle a.k.a root penetrating the skin and an outer skin structure commonly called the shaft. The hair follicle has been classified as a miniorgan having its own cells divisions; aging stages and also demonstrated to emit electromagnetic radiation. The intent of this manuscript is to demonstrate via in vitro experiments evidence of human inter-tissue electromagnetic energy transfer through a glass slide, namely from human blood tissue to the previously described miniorgan or follicle. 
 The mechanism behind this new finding was possible due to the introduction in 2015 of a tabletop optical microscopy method designed to display plants and animal tissue electromagnetic energy emissions. Essential to present finding is the described property of anisotropic crystals of full absorption of incoming electromagnetic radiation waves. K3Fe is an anisotropic crystal. For example, a single layer human blood smear was sandwiched (SDW) by a second glass slide. On the top slide of the SDW, a freshly plucked in toto human hair was then covered by drops diluted K3Fe. Control experiments had repeatedly shown orderly semicircular periodic crystals of K3Fe triggered by the electromagnetic waves emitted by the hair follicle. Prior experiments by this author, have hinted at a “bioelectromagnetic cross-talk” between the follicle and blood. This was seen when there was physical contact between the follicle and blood drops on a glass slide. In the present experiments there is no direct tissue contact, the energy is transmitted through a 1 mm glass barrier. The data herein presented introduces Bioelectromagnetic Fields (BEMFs) energy from human blood onto a miniorgan. This energy is shown penetrating a 1 mm glass slide barrier. Further research is warranted to assess the physiological implications of the human blood tissue as a molecular and BEMFs energy source.

MapReduce-Based Parallel Genetic Algorithm for CpG-Site Selection in Age Prediction.

Genomic biomarkers such as DNA methylation (DNAm) are employed for age prediction. In recent years, several studies have suggested the association between changes in DNAm and its effect on human age. The high dimensional nature of this type of data significantly increases the execution time of modeling algorithms. To mitigate this problem, we propose a two-stage parallel algorithm for selection of age related CpG-sites. The algorithm first attempts to cluster the data into similar age ranges. In the next stage, a parallel genetic algorithm (PGA), based on the MapReduce paradigm (MR-based PGA), is used for selecting age-related features of each individual age range. In the proposed method, the execution of the algorithm for each age range (data parallel), the evaluation of chromosomes (task parallel) and the calculation of the fitness function (data parallel) are performed using a novel parallel framework. In this paper, we consider 16 different healthy DNAm datasets that are related to the human blood tissue and that contain the relevant age information. These datasets are combined into a single unioned set, which is in turn randomly divided into two sets of train and test data with a ratio of 7:3, respectively. We build a Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) model on the selected CpG-sites from the train set. To evaluate the model accuracy, we compared our results with state-of-the-art approaches that used these datasets, and observed that our method performs better on the unseen test dataset with a Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of 3.62 years, and a correlation (R2) of 95.96% between age and DNAm. In the train data, the MAD and R2 are 1.27 years and 99.27%, respectively. Finally, we evaluate our method in terms of the effect of parallelization in computation time. The algorithm without parallelization requires 4123 min to complete, whereas the parallelized execution on 3 computing machines having 32 processing cores each, only takes a total of 58 min. This shows that our proposed algorithm is both efficient and scalable.

Expression Profiling of FasL Gene in Human Blood Tissues and its Correlation with Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP)

Expression Profiling of FasL Gene in Human Blood Tissues and its Correlation with Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP)

Draft Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain SN137, a Bacterium with Extracellular Proteolytic Activity on Immunoglobulins and Persistence in Human Tissue Blood

ABSTRACTThe draft genome sequence of Escherichia coli strain SN137 is reported here. The genome comprises 172 contigs, corresponding to 4.9 Mb with 50% G+C content, and contains several genes related to pathogenicity that explain its survival in human hematic tissue.

The investigation of cytogenetic and oxidative effects of diffractaic acid on human lymphocyte cultures

Diffractaic acid (DA) is a naturally occurring depside derivative found in several lichen species. It has a wide range of important biological effects such as analgesic and antiviral properties, although its cytotoxic, cytogenetic and oxidative effects have not been investigated in human blood tissue yet. Therefore, increasing concentrations (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mgL-1) of DA was added into human whole blood cultures. 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess the cell viability and/or cytotoxicity and genotoxic damage potential of DA using chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests were performed. In addition, oxidative alterations were determined by the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) assays. The results revealed that DA reduced cell viability at higher concentrations than 50 mgL-1. The all tested concentrations of DA were non-genotoxic. In vitro treatments with DA led to increases of TAC levels in the cultured blood cells without changing the TOS levels as compared to the control group. Consequently, DA exhibited a significant non-mutagenic and antioxidant potential in vitro.

Concentration and correlations of perfluoroalkyl substances in whole blood among subjects from three different geographical areas in Korea

Toxicity and persistence of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in human have raised considerable concern and several biomonitoring studies throughout the world reported the widespread occurrence of these compounds in human tissues. However, information regarding influence of geographic, lifestyle and demographic factor on PFAS levels in human blood tissues is limited. In this study, whole blood samples collected in 2006–2007 from 319 donors from suburban Seoul (Suwon and Yongin), Busan and Yeosu in Korea were analyzed for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA). Blood donors classified into seven age groups with ages ranging from 8 to 82years, and different lifestyles and socio-economic status. PFOS (median=4.15ng/mL) was found at the highest concentration with a maximum concentration of 59.1ng/mL. The concentrations of other PFASs were in the decreasing order of; PFOA (median=1.30ng/mL)>PFNA (median=0.85ng/mL)>PFHxS (median=0.47ng/mL)>PFOSA (median=0.12ng/mL). Geographical differences in the concentrations of five target PFASs were found. Significant positive relationships between PFAS concentrations and the age of the donors were found. Gender-related differences were found in the concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOSA. No association was found between PFAS levels and several lifestyle factors and socio-economic status which included drinking habit, furniture/carpet in an indoor environment and monthly income. Occupation was an important determinant for PFNA and PFHxS concentrations in the whole blood. Except for PFOSA, significant associations were noted between PFASs concentrations and smoking habit. The results of this study provide information for further public health monitoring and safety management for PFASs in Korea.

In vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative effects of acyclic sesquiterpene farnesene

Farnesene (FNS) is an acyclic sesquiterpene. It has a wide range of important biological effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties, although its cytotoxic, cytogenetic, and oxidative effects have not been investigated in human blood tissue yet. To this aim, both MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were carried out to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) parameters were used to assess oxidative alterations. In addition, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests were used for mutagenic and genotoxic studies. The results revealed that FNS reduced cell viability at concentrations of higher than 100 \mug/mL. All tested concentrations of FNS were found to be nongenotoxic. In addition, the in vitro treatments with FNS led to increases of TAC levels in cultured blood cells without changing TOS levels as compared to the control group. Our results demonstrate that FNS could be used as an antioxidant compound resource that may have applications in the food and drug industries.

Human blood-based electronic transistor

For the first time, study on the ‘human blood-based electronic transistor’ (HBBET) is presented. Effects of variables like blood temperature, blood flow rate, and distance between the forming probes on the input/output characteristics as well as current gain factor β of the transistor are studied. Emerging applications of bio-material human tissue blood electronic circuits towards cyborg implants, human-machine interface, human disease detection/healing, human health sensors and digital signal processing is visualised.

Note: Multivariate system spectroscopic model using Lorentz oscillators and partial least squares regression analysis

Multivariate system spectroscopic model plays important role in understanding chemometrics of ensemble under study. Here in this manuscript we discuss various approaches of modeling of spectroscopic system and demonstrate how Lorentz oscillator can be used to model any general spectroscopic system. Chemometric studies require customized templates design for the corresponding variants participating in ensemble, which generates the characteristic matrix of the ensemble under study. The typical biological system that resembles human blood tissue consisting of five major constituents i.e., alanine, urea, lactate, glucose, ascorbate; has been tested on the model. The model was validated using three approaches, namely, root mean square error (RMSE) analysis in the range of ±5% confidence interval, clerk gird error plot, and RMSE versus percent noise level study. Also the model was tested across various template sizes (consisting of samples ranging from 10 up to 1000) to ascertain the validity of partial least squares regression. The model has potential in understanding the chemometrics of proteomics pathways.

Polychromatic monitoring of complex biological systems

PurposeTo illustrate the application of chromatic approaches to complexity with two illustrations each involving the interaction of two complex systems biological and polychromatic light.Design/methodology/approachChromatic parameters (H, L, S) were derived from the monitored biological systems plant growth monitored by CCTV with light enhancement by light emitting diodes (LED) and human tissue oxygenation data that may be obtained from optical fibre‐based monitoring. A single chromatic parameter was derived from the H, L, S parameters.FindingsThe derived chromatic parameter CT appears to vary linearly with the aspect being monitored plant growth as indicated by chromatic parameters and blood oxygenation as indicated by chromatic parameters.Practical implicationsIllustrates the possibility of cost‐effective chromatic‐based monitoring and control of complex systems plant growth enhanced by high efficiency/low energy LEDs and human tissue blood oxygenation (TBO) as well as additional applications in advanced pulse oximetry and neonatal bilirubin monitoring.Originality/valueIllustrates the application of a generic technology in the area of complex systems, where there are interactions between two complex systems, biological and polychromatic light. The chromatic technology supports the derivation of linear relationships for monitoring and control.