Areas Of Human Activity Research Articles

Comparing different management strategies of river mouths for waterbird conservation: A case study along the Yellow Sea coast

Coastlines with extensive estuaries and broad tidal flats are acutely vulnerable to coastal development. The tidal wetlands of the Yellow Sea are globally important for waterbirds, yet river mouths have disproportionately been developed as industrial ports, fishing ports, or have become abandoned fishing ports, with the type of management strategies depending on biophysical attributes and regional economic drivers. However, river mouths also support extensive upper tidal flat ecosystems, in contrast to many open coastal regions of the Yellow Sea, where reclamation has excised many of the upper tidal flats and dramatically reduced the time that tidal flats are available for foraging and roosting waterbirds each day. However, the extent to which waterbirds disproportionately occurs in river mouths compared to the open coast in the region remains unclear. We used a paired survey design to quantify the waterbird communities and habitat attributes (i.e., areas of upper tidal flats, Spartina alterniflora, and human activity) of 15 river mouths and 15 otherwise similar adjacent open coasts areas along the Yellow Sea coast. Waterbird species richness and abundance were higher in river mouths than open coasts. Among river mouths, the most species rich waterbird communities occurred in fishing ports and the most species poor in industrial ports. Notably, upper tidal flats were absent in many of the open coast regions, which had been subject to reclamation. Our results suggest that river mouths, especially those river mouths currently used as fishing ports, are probably of crucial importance for waterbird conservation on the Jiangsu coast due to their larger areas of upper tidal flats. Our work highlights the need to ensure that the tidal flats in river mouth systems are effectively protected to promote the completion of the annual cycle of migratory waterbirds.

Вопросы аудита информационной безопасности

Today, information security reigns in absolutely all areas of human activity. Security breaches always have consequences, but depending on the structure, they can be invisible, or vice versa, stop the activities of an organization or even a country. The issue of ensuring information security of critical information infrastructure facilities has become the most discussed today. The state and its regulators to develop many regulatory legal documents that contain requirements for the system of protection of critical information infrastructure facilities of various levels of significance. However, no one has ever created a single technique that would show the real state of information security of a critical information infrastructure object. As a result, both the organization and regulators see only a general picture of the state of the defense system, which in turn creates many vulnerabilities that an attacker can use to carry out an attack. As a result of the attack on the object of critical information infrastructure, harm can be done not only to organizations, but also to people, the work processes of the entire state can be violated. That is why the issue of creating such a methodology becomes not only relevant, but also necessary both for the internal control of the organization itself and for automating the work of regulators during the next inspections. The methodology will show not only a high-quality assessment of the state of the protection system, but also show the possible vulnerabilities of the organization that need to be closed to improve the effectiveness of all protection.

Predicting student performance using machine learning tools

Digital assistants are increasingly penetrating various areas of human activity, including education. Today, they are no longer just automated systems or web applications that support and automate certain processes, including educational processes. Now they are more intelligent and more autonomous systems. Digital assistants play a special role in a student’s life, in a sense replacing the dean’s office, mentor, tutor, representatives of other university services and other elements of educational infrastructure. The digital support for the student is important and useful, especially in the first year during his adaptation to the environment of higher education, which is significantly different from the school one. It is at this point that the largest amount of students dropouts occurs due to academic failure. According to the authors, a digital assistant in the form of a mobile application that can predict learning outcomes and inform about it in time, can provide important support for the student and help him/her orient and adjust his/her behavior in case of a threat of a negative result. To solve the problems of creating a predictive model of student learning outcomes and a mobile application that implements it, as well as to conduct a pre-project study, the following methods and tools of mathematical statistics were used: k-means method, Kendall correlation method, Friedman’ test with Durbin—Conover posterior test, linear regression, logistic regression, categorical Bayesian classifier, random forest method, neural network (multilayer perceptron), non-parametric estimation of the Nadaraya—Watson regression function, STATISTICA 10.0 and Jamovi 2.2.5, Python libraries. As a result of the study, a mathematical model for predicting learning outcomes in disciplines based on current performance in e-learning courses was created. The accuracy of the model depends on the week of training in which it is applied and reaches 92,6 %. In the early stages (e. g., for week 7), the accuracy is at least 85 % and varies depending on the contingent of the student population and disciplines. As a result of the study, a mobile application was developed that implements a predictive model and other related functions to inform the student about his/her estimated educational success. The created predictive model is based on current performance data obtained from electronic courses and is capable of making accurate predictions, which allows it to be applied in practice online and through the mobile application to inform students.

Dynamic Regimes for Corporate Human Capital Development Used Reinforcement Learning Methods

Corporate human capital is a critical driver of sustainable economic growth, which is becoming increasingly important in the changing nature of work. Due to the expansion of various areas of human activity, the employee’s profile becomes multifaceted. Therefore, the problem of human capital management based on the individual trajectories of professional development, aimed at increasing the labor efficiency and contributing to the growth of the corporate operational efficiency, is relevant, timely, socially, and economically significant. The paper proposes a methodology for the dynamic regimes for human capital development (DRHC) to design individual trajectories for the employee’s professional development, based on reinforcement learning methods. The DRHC develops an optimal management regime as a set of programs aimed at developing an employee in the professional field, taking into account their individual characteristics (health quality, major and interdisciplinary competencies, motivation, and social capital). The DRHC architecture consists of an environment—an employee model—as a Markov decision-making process and an agent—decision-making center of a company. The DRHC uses DDQN, SARSA, and PRO algorithms to maximize the agent’s utility function. The implementation of the proposed DRHC policy would improve the quality of corporate human capital, increase labor resource efficiency, and ensure the productivity growth of companies.

Organization of the educational process of future specialists in graphic design using digital technologies

Today we live in the era of global digitalization of society. The rapid development of technologies and digitalization captures an ever-increasing spectrum of human activity, including educational and creative areas. Digitazation is rethinking approaches to the organization of the educational process, creative and project activities at the global level. Digital technologies should be understood as one of the tools in design activity in contemporary art, as well as an area for creaƟng immaterial virtual products. The purpose of the article is to highlight the impact of digital technologies on the organizaƟon of the educational process of graphic design specialists. Materials and methods. To achieve the research goal, a set of theoreƟcal methods was used: analysis and generalizaƟon of scienƟfic and methodical sources for theoretical substantiation of research problems, modeling, and synthesis of the obtained data. Research results. The main goal of design educaƟon is the formaƟon of a qualified specialist, a person capable of mastering cultural experience and modern technologies, including digital ones. Design is a special type of activity in which innovative methods of project soluƟons and modern digital technologies are widely used and developed. Thus, the level of technological development and digitalization today is more than ever stimulating the development and promotion of design education. Digitazation promotes the introducƟon of webinars and video conferences into the educational process, it has changed the form and type of organization, as well as the availability of educational materials. Interactive media resources and digital technologies are increasingly used in modern design education. As with any evolving system, digitazation has a number of disadvantages and advantages. On the one hand, the development of digitalization gives designers an unlimited field for creativity and work. On the other hand, a number of problems and difficulties appear. For example, changes in the form of organization of work with the audience, including features and differences of physical objects and their digital copies, copyright, etc.

Spatial and temporal variation of ecological quality in northeastern China and analysis of influencing factors

Ecological quality and its potential influencing factors are important contents of ecological security in Northeast China. Maintaining ecological security in Northeast China is of great significance for the country's ecological construction and sustainable development strategies. In this study, the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) was used to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of ecological quality in Northeast China from 2000 to 2022 and to identify potential related influencing factors. The results show that ecological quality fluctuated during 2000–2022, showing a weak overall downward trend, especially in areas with excellent and good ecological quality where large-scale reductions have recently occurred, and the area of RSEI decline accounts for a relatively large proportion through trend analysis. RSEI exhibits strong spatial autocorrelation, with high values concentrated in the vegetation-covered regions of the north and central regions, and low values clustered in urban areas and human activity areas in the west. Elevation, precipitation accumulation, wind speed, vapor pressure, and net primary productivity (NPP) are potential natural factors affecting ecological quality in Northeast China. The contribution and specific response relationships of different latent factors were analyzed using Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) models. Based on the MGWR results, it was observed that the local coefficients not only vary over time and space, but also exhibit spatial distribution characteristics, including spatial gradient distribution and spatial clustering. As a large-scale and long-term spatiotemporal analysis of ecological quality, this study can provide theoretical support for medium-scale development planning, ecological environment monitoring, and environmental protection policy-making by decision-makers.

Spatial heterogeneity of human activities and its driving factors in karst areas of Southwest China over the past 20 years

Guizhou Province is located in the karst mountain regions of Southwest China, where the ecological environment is extremely fragile and particularly sensitive to human activities. Therefore, understanding the changing characteristics and driving factors of human activity in recent decades is urgent. In this study, least squares, correlation analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and GeoDetector model were used. Based on a large collection of nightlight, topography, and meteorological data, combined with geographical information technology, we investigated the spatial distribution, intensity change, and degree of impact of human activity from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that during the study period, human activities intensity and range were expanding. The human activity areas expanded from 15,963 to 86,923 km2 at an increasing rate of 4,279.2 km2/a, which was 1,118.4 km2/a from 2000 to 2010 and 6,375.3 km2/a from 2010 to 2020. The human activity intensity increased from 0.009 to 0.018, with an increasing rate of 0.0006/a, which was 0.00028/a from 2000 to 2010 and 0.00073/a from 2010 to 2020. The rate of increase in the human activity intensity and the rate of expansion in the human activity range from 2010–2020 were significantly higher than that from 2000–2010, becoming more notable (p ≤ 0.01), especially after 2012. With the expansion of human activities, the center of gravity of human activity moved towards the northeast by 20.71 km. The human activities were primarily distributed in areas with the gentlest slopes (6–15°), middle and low altitudes (489–1,982 m), suitable temperatures (12.36–17.74°C), and abundant precipitation (1,001.99–1,276.99 mm). The research results using the GeoDetector model indicate that slope had the greatest impact on human activities with a q value of 0.1338; precipitation, elevation, and temperature had q values of 0.0626, 0.0253, and 0.0136, respectively. The combined impact between the precipitation and slope was the greatest with a q value of 0.1803. In Guizhou Province, under policy guidance, human activities that promoted vegetation change accounted for 79.60%. This study attempts to enhance sustainable development and provides valuable information on the environmental protection of karst mountain regions.

Density structure of the upper and middle crust in the northeast Dabie Orogen revealed by terrestrial gravity surveys

Moderate to strong earthquakes have occurred frequently in the northeast Dabie Orogen recently. From 2014 to 2017, the Guanmiao Earthquake Swarm (GES), with a maximum earthquake magnitude of M3.9, and the Quanjun Earthquake Swarm (QES), with a maximum earthquake magnitude of M3.7, occurred successively in the area near southeast Jinzhai County, where two main Mesozoic E–W‐striking boundary faults, including the Xiaotian–Mozitan and Xinyang–Shucheng faults, are cut by the Cenozoic NNE‐/NE‐trending dextral strike‐slip faulting system. These earthquake swarms occurred within areas of human activities and have the potential to cause more violent geological hazards. However, the tectonic geneses of the earthquake swarms are still unknown due to a lack of sufficient geophysical evidence. Based on terrestrial high‐resolution Bouguer gravity anomaly data, the density structure of the northeast Dabie Mountains is inverted using a 3D linear gravity inversion method. As a result, the occurrence and cutting depth of the reactivated faults near the earthquake swarms are defined, suggesting that the Shangloufang–Xialoufang Fault (F11) may be the seismogenic fault of the GES. The genesis of the QES is possibly associated with the fault termination of the Yingshan–Quanjun strike‐slip fault (F10). More broadly, F10 is one of the major synthetic faults of the NNE‐/NE‐trending dextral strike‐slip faulting system between the Tanlu and Shangcheng–Macheng (F2) faults, which bound the East Dabie Block together. The synthetic and antithetic faults fully cover the Beihuaiyang belt and North Dabie unit topography. These intraplate strike‐slip faults formed to accommodate vertical and lateral movements of the Dabie Mountains, driven by the oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate, were likely responsible for generating earthquakes in both Huoshan and Jinzhai.

Multi-scenario dynamic prediction of ecological risk assessment in an arid area of northwest China

Ecological security is essential for the development of environmental health and human society. However, the driving mechanisms and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risks are still unknown, particularly in arid areas. Thus, this study constructed an ecological risk index (ERI) research framework in arid areas based on land use and socio-economic data from 1980 to 2020 to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution trend, driving mechanisms, and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risk and predict the ecological risk under business-as-usual, economic development, and ecological protection scenarios using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results show that: (1) cropland and build-up land were expanding, whereas forestland and grassland water bodies were shrinking. Compared with the two development stages from 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020, cropland increased by 4.73% and 51.52%, respectively, whereas build-up land increased by 12.64% and 106.52%, respectively, indicating rapid development and drastic changes in the past 20 years. (2) With the change in landscape diversity, the regional ecological risks showed an increasing trend, whereas the future ecological risks showed an increasing trend because of the cumulative effect of landscape pattern changes caused by human activities. (3) Moreover, dramatic changes in ecological risk, particularly in areas of intense human activity in build-up land, agricultural land, artificial oases, and mountainous areas. Corresponding to the analysis of driving mechanisms, population, GDP, distance to government, water, and primary roads; have a significant effect on ecological risk, whereas DEM has direct and indirect effect paths. Ultimately, the proposed analysis framework can present the spatiotemporal changes of ecological risks and their influencing mechanisms, which can help develop sustainable development policies.

STUDY OF PREDICTION AND CLASSIFICATION MODELS IN THE PROBLEMS OF DIABETES AMONG PATIENTS WITH A STROKE IN DIFFERENT LIVING CONDITIONS

The subject of the study in the article is the methods of predicting the development of diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that has affected 425 million people, and by 2045 the number will only increase by 1.5 times. It has been proven to be an independent contributing factor to stroke development. When there is too much sugar in the blood, it negatively affects the arteries and blood vessels. People with this disease are more likely to develop atherosclerotic plaques and blood clots, which can lead to heart blockage and ischemic stroke. Having diabetes increases the risk and worsens the course of a stroke. According to the Framingham Study, the number of recurrent cases doubles. The aim of the study is to investigate methods of predicting and classifying the development of diabetes among people, in particular stroke patients, to prevent the development of other diseases. The complexity of the problem lies in the fact that there are as many undiagnosed cases as diagnosed ones, so about half of people suffer from the disease and the resulting complications due to improper or delayed diagnosis. Therefore, timely diagnosis of a disease that is difficult to detect is important in order to prevent the development of further complications. The article solves the problem of a multi-criteria task of choosing the best algorithm for predicting the occurrence of a disease. The following methods are used in this paper: multilayer perceptron, k-nearest neighbors method, decision tree, and logistic regression. Nowadays, machine learning has begun to apply to similar problems. In the 1950s and 1960s, there were attempts to combine the approaches to creating neural networks that existed at the time, which made it possible to calculate quantitative descriptions of human intelligence, and memorize, analyze, and process information, which resembled the work of the human brain. Medicine is one of the main areas of human activity where various classifier and neural network algorithms are gaining popularity yearly. They are trendy in disease diagnostics. Results: the initial conditions for choosing the best model are met by logistic regression. Conclusions: as a result of the study, the optimal model for predicting the development of the disease was selected.

MONITORING OF THE RIVERS OF THE BLACK SEA BASIN FLOWING THROUGH THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE ADJARA REGION

Guram Darchidze
 Email:darchidz1995@gmail.com
 Ph.D. student, Georgian Technical University
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-856X
 Abstract. The problem of water pollution is becoming more and more urgent for the world. Despite the implemented measures, improvement of wastewater treatment methods, the issue remains relevant. One of the most common is biological pollution, directly related to the entry of pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria, viruses and protozoa into water.
 The effects of water pollutants on specific waters vary and may not always be fully appreciated. However, we know these pollutants harm drinking water supplies, recreation, fisheries, and wildlife. That is why it is necessary to find the source of biological water pollution, to study its age and lethality, to develop an effective method of pollution elimination.
 The topic "Monitoring of the rivers of the Black Sea basin flowing through the settlements of the Adjara region" presents the areas of human activity of large and small rivers in the Adjara region and the research and evaluation of the pollution caused by them.
 For the process of development of the topic, an initial study was carried out on more than 300 large and small rivers flowing in Adjara territory. They were studied and evaluated in terms of biological contamination.
 16 rivers were selected, on which a bacteriological study was carried out to determine the presence of fecal waste, discharge, turbidity and E-Coli (in field conditions) were determined on other sources.
 In the report, I have presented the following works:
 
 Evaluation of rivers at the stage of the primary study, assessment of type, discharge, turbidity, E.Coli and other types of anthropogenic pollution. 2. Laboratory research conducted to determine the level of contamination with fecal waste; 3. After determining the level of pollution, the search for centers of pollution was carried out; 4. After finding the foci, evaluating these foci and determining the probable age of the future pollution capacity; 5. After the evaluation of the pollution centers, recommendations for the elimination of pollution were developed, both informational, constructive, and biological/chemical. 6. According to the data obtained in the research, a histogram was constructed and the data were grouped according to the optimal number of intervals; 7. According to the data obtained in the research, a graph of dependence on the debit of pollution with fecal waste was constructed.
 
 Conclusions are drawn, including the implementation of work to eliminate the problem of the existing situation.

Ecological risks induced by consumption and emission of Pharmaceutical and personal care products in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Insights from the polar regions

As the third pole of the world and Asia's water tower, the Tibetan Plateau experiences daily release of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) due to increasing human activity. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between the concentration and composition of PPCPs and human activity, by assessing the occurrence of PPCPs in areas of typical human activity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and evaluating their ecological risk. The results indicate that 28 out of 30 substances were detected in concentrations ranging from less than 1 ng/L to hundreds of ng/L, with the average concentration of most PPCPs in the Tibet Autonomous Region being higher than that in Qinghai Province. Among the detected substances, CAF, NOR, CTC, CIP, TCN, OTC, AZN, and DOX accounted for over 90% of the total concentration. The emission sources of PPCPs were identified by analyzing the correlation coefficients of soil and water samples, with excess PPCPs used by livestock breeding discharged directly into soil and then into surface water through leaching or runoff. By comparing the concentration and composition of PPCPs with those in other regions, this study found that CIP, ENR, LOM, NOR, CTC, DOX, OTC, and TCN were the most commonly used PPCPs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To assess the ecological risk of PPCPs, organisms at different trophic levels, including algae, crustaceans, fish, and insects, were selected. The prediction of the no effect concentration of each PPCP showed that NOR, CTC, TCN, CAF, and CBZ may have deleterious effects on water biota. This study can assist in identifying the emission characteristics of PPCPs from different types and intensities of human activities, as well as their occurrence and fate during the natural decay of aquatic systems.

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Quaternary Groundwater in Baoshan Basin, Western Yunnan, China

The shallow groundwater of the quaternary system in the Baoshan basin, Yunnan Province is seriously polluted, threatening human health and restricting local socio-economic development; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of the shallow groundwater of the quaternary system in the Baoshan basin. This study used EVS 2022 to establish a 3D visual geological model of the quaternary system in the basin and divided the shallow groundwater aquifers of the quaternary system into three groundwater systems, sampling 22, 9, and 4 groups in each groundwater system, respectively. Mathematical statistics, Piper’s trilinear diagram, Gibbs plots, the Gaillardet model, the ion ratio method, groundwater saturation, and the PCA-APCS-MLR model were used to analyze the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of the study area. The results show the following: (1) The types of groundwater chemicals are mainly HCO3-Ca-Mg type and HCO3-Ca, the causes of the water chemical characteristics are mainly influenced by water–rock interaction and alternate cation adsorption, and the rock types with which the groundwater exchanges substances are carbonate rocks and silicate rocks. (2) The Fe2+, Mn2+, and NH3-N contents in groundwater systems I and II exceed the standard, which is the human activity area, and groundwater pollution is mainly affected by human activities. (3) Four main categories of factors were obtained according to the PCA-APCS-MLR model, namely dissolution filtration, migration and enrichment factors, geological and human activity factors, and environmental factors and pollution factors; the cumulative contribution of variance was 77.84%, and the groundwater chemical characteristics were jointly influenced by hydrogeological conditions and human activities. The results of this study provide a basis for groundwater protection and management in the Baoshan basin, where groundwater system I is the key area for pollution and should be strengthened for control.

The Transformation of Coastal Governance, from Human Ecology to Local State, in the Jimei Peninsula, Xiamen, China

The coastal zone, situated at the sensitive interface between land and sea, serves as a pivotal area of human economic activities. As one of China’s economic special zones, Xiamen exemplifies the comprehensive trajectory of coastal governance in China. However, there are still research gaps in the human ecological transitions in coastal governance. This study adopts the research approach of scale politics and the local state, with the purpose of explaining the governance model of the coastal zone transformation. Sources include interviews with fishers, direct observation, participant observation, and content analysis. The study demonstrates how local governments strive to maximize the profits of scenic tourism, by (1) appropriating the international scale, absorbing international aid and technical assistance; (2) confiscating the access rights of the coastal zone; and (3) vertically integrating all relationships from local to international organizations to create new governance patterns. Xiamen’s coastal landscape not only presents the meltdown of human ecology under local state governance but also demonstrates a keen adaptation to the shifting dynamics of the international tourism market. From the theoretical perspective of the local state, this paper effectively points out the political characteristics of local government and bridges the loss of cultural ecology in the transformation of governance patterns.

A New Fuzzy-Based Classification Method for Use in Smart/Precision Medicine.

The development of information technology has had a significant impact on various areas of human activity, including medicine. It has led to the emergence of the phenomenon of Industry 4.0, which, in turn, led to the development of the concept of Medicine 4.0. Medicine 4.0, or smart medicine, can be considered as a structural association of such areas as AI-based medicine, telemedicine, and precision medicine. Each of these areas has its own characteristic data, along with the specifics of their processing and analysis. Nevertheless, at present, all these types of data must be processed simultaneously, in order to provide the most complete picture of the health of each individual patient. In this paper, after a brief analysis of the topic of medical data, a new classification method is proposed that allows the processing of the maximum number of data types. The specificity of this method is its use of a fuzzy classifier. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by an analysis of the results from the classification of various types of data for medical applications and health problems. In this paper, as an illustration of the proposed method, a fuzzy decision tree has been used as the fuzzy classifier. The accuracy of the classification in terms of the proposed method, based on a fuzzy classifier, gives the best performance in comparison with crisp classifiers.

Algebras of algorithms for modeling the distribution of resources in IT projects

The distribution of resources is an important scientific and practical task, as it concerns all areas of human activity, the field of information technologies is no exception. A study was conducted, which showed that today there are many approaches to solving the given problem, each of which is characterized by certain features. Known methods of resource allocation are analyzed, their classification is given and it is shown that they are mainly defined as linear programming problems, resource allocation matrices or are implemented on the basis of empirical knowledge. With this in mind, the authors analyzed the mechanisms of the algebra of algorithms, determined their scopes of application, and made a decision regarding their use for modeling the distribution of resources in the field of information technologies. Further work was aimed at building a tree of goals, which made it possible to reflect the general goal and sub-goals that must be ensured in order to effectively allocate resources. An analysis was carried out and development tools were selected. The result of the work was a prototype of the software that implements the modeling of resource distribution using the Balash method and the algorithm algebra apparatus. Further research will be aimed at verifying the operation of the system and designing related modules.

Problems of legal regulation of start-ups in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and legal nature of start-ups, their features, and the legal algorithm of their creation, operation, and termination of activities, with due regard to the existing legislative provisions and doctrinal developments.
 The rapid technological progress in the world drives the development of economic systems, and the fierce competition between them determines the innovative direction of our country's development. However, despite the fact that over the past two decades new forms of business activity, including start-ups, have been actively used and successfully implemented in Ukraine, there have been almost no changes in the legislative field in this area. This state of affairs should make it necessary to amend existing legislative acts and adopt new ones, develop and consolidate new legal terms and concepts, which would facilitate legislative regulation of all innovation processes. To this end, the author proposes to adopt a special Law of Ukraine “On the Activities of Startups” and to enshrine the definition of “startup” therein. The term “start-up” is defined as a business entity registered in accordance with the procedure established by law that offers a competitive innovative service or product, a newly developed or improved technology that will improve a certain area of human activity, but has limited resources. There is also a justified need to make the list of types of intellectual property open. This will help to protect and defend the innovative achievements and developments of start-up founders.
 A list of features inherent in a start-up has been proposed: focus on the development of an innovative product or service; relatively short period of existence with subsequent transformation, sale or termination of existence; scientific potential of the start-up founders; registration of a start-up in the legal form of an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity. The organisational and legal forms of entrepreneurial activity have been analysed and it has been concluded which forms are the most convenient and favourable for registration of start-ups.

FORMATION OF LINGUISTIC DEMOGRAPHY ON THE NATIONAL E-GOVERNMENT PLATFORM: PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

The advancing of information and communication technologies has contributed to their introduction into almost all areas of human activity, as well as the field of demography. The advent of such a field as electronic demography has become a precondition for the improvement of an electronic demographic system on the e-government platform. Demography is a multidisciplinary field of science, and along with other areas, it also includes linguistic demography. Therefore, in the electronic demographic system, along with other segments, there is a segment of linguistic demography. Each area in the data warehouse (DW) of the electronic demographic system has its own data mart (DM). This article highlights several complications in the formation of DM of linguistic demography. These complications are linked to the fact that linguists-researchers offer several approaches to the definitions of the notions of “language” and “dialect”. Moreover, when establishing a language indicator in a country, one of its three options can be approved - as a native language, as a language of everyday communication or as a language of use. In this regard, certain difficulties arise in the establishment of a segment of linguistic demography in the electronic demographic system. This article shows the complications of establishing linguistic demography and presents certain proposals for their solution.

Linking Sustainability and Spirituality: The University with a Soul

ABSTRACT: Higher education institutions were intended to nurture the creative potential of individuals and assist in the development of civilization. After 1945, the number of modern universities expanded, but their original purpose changed. Universities have become more business-oriented institutions. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has changed almost every area of human activity at an unpredictable pace, challenging old paradigms and frameworks. Society scaled back education to meet market demands, and people lost their moral and intellectual dispositions. The general focus is on developing a workforce, inventive spirit, and high-tech machinery based on innovation and technology, resulting in weak ethical standards and a dangerous lack of trust in the community. Educators need to explore new and creative approaches to educational innovation to improve future learning. The need is for an education with a soul. Educators must cultivate the dual consciousness that humanizes technology through bold visions of moderation. They should help students develop a higher sense of purpose. Knowledge must be viewed from a new perspective. Knowledge must be wholesome or holistic, inclusive, sustainable and equitable in the sense that everyone has access to this special knowledge and can develop a sense of mercy, compassion and benevolence.

TEHNOLOŠKI NAPREDAK I KLIMATSKE PROMJENE – TEMA U OBRAZOVANJU INŽENJERA / TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND CLIMATE CHANGE – TOPIC IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION

At the beginning of the 21st century, environmental issues became leaders in all areas of human activity without competition. All other essential topics: health, food, energy, water, and air, are predominantly determined by environmental problems. Climate change is a result of excessive CO2 emissions due to the greenhouse effect, air pollution as a result of emissions of harmful substances by thermal power plants, chemical plants, heating boilers, individual furnaces, means of transport; pollution of drinking water, pollution and devastation of arable land, destruction of forests, pollution of rivers due to inadequate wastewater treatment, etc. are problems that require a radical change in man's attitude towards the environment, which leads to the need to reconsider and change the current way of doing business. The paper analyzes the impact of scientific achievements in electrical engineering on the accelerated industrial growth that has led to today's environmental problems. Industrial development is explored in phases (Industry 1.0, Industry 2.0, Industry 3.0, Industry 4.0) regarding the impact of radical changes in doing business. Since we are now in phase 4, the dominant topics are energy transition, energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, recycling, innovation, electric vehicles, networking, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and 5G. Although all the above topics are multidisciplinary, a significant share of electrical engineering is clear. Existing plans and programs in electrical engineering, whether based on the traditional model of education or in the process of innovation, are adapted to new technological trends. As a rule, little or no importance is attached to environmental issues. As one of the answers to the mentioned problem at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, a new course, “Sustainable Development” was included. The paper briefly describes the content of this course.