Hui Ethnicity Research Articles

The Formation of Hui Ethnic Group in China in Yuang Dynasty: Diversity and Integration

The Formation of Hui Ethnic Group in China in Yuang Dynasty: Diversity and Integration

Rationalization in the Daily Practices of Modernization among the Hui Ethnic Group: a Case Study of Donglianhua Village in Dali

Rationalization in the Daily Practices of Modernization among the Hui Ethnic Group: a Case Study of Donglianhua Village in Dali

Ethnic Disparities in Risk Factors for Myopia among Han and Minority Schoolchildren in Shawan, Xinjiang, China.

The ethnic differences in myopia rates, ocular dimensions, and risk factors between Han and non-Han schoolchildren observed in this study may help fill the knowledge gap about ethnic minorities and are important for China and other countries to address vision-related health inequalities among different ethnic groups. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of juvenile myopia and elucidate the disparities of risk factors among Han and non-Han school students in Xinjiang, China. A population-based cross-sectional study of 876 schoolchildren from grades 1 to 9 was conducted in the Anjihai Middle School in Shawan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Visual acuity and ocular biometry were assessed, and personal information, including behavior, birth status, and familial factors, was collected using self-made standardized questionnaires. The myopia rate among students of Han ethnicity (50.5%) was the highest, followed by Hui (41.3%) and Uygur et al. (32.0%, P < .001). Similar patterns were observed for mean axial length. The mean axial lengths are 23.7, 23.4, and 23.3 mm, respectively ( P = .01). Overall, performing high-quality eye exercises, longer sleep duration, being born in summer, parental smoking, and consuming more food containing anthocyanins were all associated with a lower incidence of myopia. Meanwhile, Han ethnicity, intensive near task, bad eye habits, and myopic mothers were associated with higher odds of myopia. After adjusting for environmental influences pertaining to myopia, the variation in myopia prevalence between Han and Uygur et al. remained significant, whereas it changed to not significant between Han and Hui ethnicities. Significant disparities were found in the prevalence of myopia among various ethnic groups in Shawan, Xinjiang. Life habits, birth status, and familial factors may contribute to such variance and play different roles in the occurrence of juvenile myopia among various ethnicities.

Externalizing Behavior Problems Among Hui Ethnicity Left-Behind Children in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of externalizing behavior problems (EBPs) and its influencing factors among Hui left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students from the southern rural areas in Ningxia, China (2012–2013). The general self-made questionnaire, Egma Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (for Children), Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale, and Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist (for parents) were used to investigate the related information. Binary logistic regressions were conducted. Results The prevalence of EBPs in boys Hui LBC was significantly higher than that of non-LBC (12.37% vs. 6.84%, χ2=4.09, and p=0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low self-awareness of behavior (odds ratio [OR]=29.78), introversion (OR=21.67) and intermediate personality (OR=15.83), poor academic performance (OR=11.65) and both parent migrating (OR=2.73) were the risk factors for the EBPs of Hui LBC, while middle and high father refusal and denial (OR=0.11, OR=0.09) were their protective factors. Conclusion Our findings suggest that both parent migrating is a potential risk factor for EBPs among Hui LBC. Hui boys LBC should be paid more attention when formulating relevant policies.

Storied Answers to Questions about Interethnic Marriage in Multiethnic Qinghai Province, PR of China

The article discusses the use of stories as answers to direct questions. The author encountered this pattern while conducting fieldwork tracing identity contexts among young Chinese Muslims of the Hui ethnicity in the city of Xining, a cultural crossroads in Qinghai Province in northwest China, between 2016 and 2018. Regardless of a respondent’s ethnicity and gender, respondents shared the same pattern of sharing stories from the lives of unnamed friends and relatives. This pattern appeared predominantly when asking about interethnic relations and personal views on interethnic marriage and can thus be understood as a high-context cultural strategy for politely and indirectly expressing personal attitudes. The article analyzes this pattern in terms of Chinese culture and the national image of harmonious coexistence in a multiethnic society.

Transfer of Astronomy and Medical Science Along the Silk Road Shaping Ethnic Identity: A Case Study of Hui Ethnicity in Early Modern China

Transfer of Astronomy and Medical Science Along the Silk Road Shaping Ethnic Identity: A Case Study of Hui Ethnicity in Early Modern China

Oral Microbiota of Children Is Conserved across Han, Tibetan and Hui Groups and Is Correlated with Diet and Gut Microbiota.

The oral microbiota can be affected by several factors; however, little is known about the relationship between diet, ethnicity and commensal oral microbiota among school children living in close geographic proximity. In addition, the relationship between the oral and gut microbiota remains unclear. We collected saliva from 60 school children from the Tibetan, Han and Hui ethnicities for a 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and comparison with previously collected fecal samples. The study revealed that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in the oral microbiota. The Shannon diversity was lowest in the Tibetan group. A PCA showed a substantial overlap in the distribution of the taxa, indicating a high degree of conservation among the oral microbiota across ethnic groups while the enrichment of a few specific taxa was observed across different ethnic groups. The consumption of seafood, poultry, sweets and vegetables was significantly correlated with multiple oral microbiotas. Furthermore, 123 oral genera were significantly associated with 191 gut genera. A principal coordinate analysis revealed that the oral microbiota clustered separately from the gut microbiota. This work extends the findings of previous studies comparing microbiota from human populations and provides a basis for the exploration of the interactions governing the tri-partite relationship between diet, oral microbiota and gut microbiota.

BEING MUSLIM IN CHINA: HUI ETHNIC PERSPECTIVE

Understanding identity helps individual to understand himself/herself and knows his/her position in the society. It is also expected to lead individual having a better tolerant attitude toward other cultures. Furthermore, ‘Hui’ is a Muslim majority ethnic live in China while Muslim as minority group of the country. This study tries to explore Hui ethnic perspective and experience on being Muslim in China. This study is designed qualitatively. The data is presented in the form of description and explanations. The primary research objects are 3 female and 1 male Hui ethnic who are currently living and studying in Indonesia. The result stated that Muslim in China as represented in many Muslim world who are believing in God and practicing rituals, even there are some different practices experienced by Chinese-Muslim. In term of interaction, Chinese-Muslim are more open with other non-Muslim ethnic, and they develop and construct dual identity in order to live in harmony within ‘Han’ majority ethnic group. This study will enrich the sociological analysis of identity within minority group.Keywords: Muslim Identity; Chinese-Muslim; Hui Ethnic

Prevalence of diabetes recorded in mainland China using 2018 diagnostic criteria from the American Diabetes Association: national cross sectional study

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of diabetes and its risk factors.DesignPopulation based, cross sectional study.Setting31 provinces in mainland China with nationally representative cross sectional data from 2015 to 2017.Participants75 880 participants...

Veiled Identities: Islam, Hui Ethnicity, and Dress Codes in Northwest China

As is common in many Muslim communities, Islamic veiling in China marks important stages in a woman's life, membership in a particular community, and commitment to Islam. In recent years, the richly diverse regional head coverings, especially the "woman's hat" (Ch. nü maozi) and the single-piece scarf (Ch. shajin or toujin) have been gradually replaced by vibrantly-colored hijab-style veils (Ch. gaitou or dadi) more common to countries in Southeast Asia, North Africa, and Turkey. In Xinjiang, "imported" veiling styles have caught the attention of government officials, who have responded by banning certain headwear in an attempt to eradicate Islamic "extremism." Based on research conducted in Gansu and Qinghai, China between 2014 and 2017, this article describes the changing veiling fashions of these regions, and examines the meanings both Muslim women and men attach to them. The embrace of new head coverings suggests a transregional and perhaps trans-minzu solidarity built around a common creed.

The relationship between parental religiosity and school age children's dietary behavior in Ningxia Province, China: A cross-sectional study.

Studies have shown parental religious involvement was associated with better health behaviors of their children. However, the relationship between parental religiosity and child dietary behaviors remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental religious involvement and the dietary behaviors of school-aged children in mainland, China. Participants were selected from a northwest province of China using a multi-stage sampling process from July 2017 to October 2017. The frequency of parental religious activities and the importance of religion in life, along with the dietary behaviors of children, were collected using a questionnaire. Dietary pattern analysis coupled with multivariable linear regression was employed to test the association between parental religious involvement and children's dietary behavior. The regression model indicated no significant relationship between parental religious behaviors and children's dietary behaviors in the overall sample. However, the frequency of mother's religious attendance was inversely related to children's consumption of vegetables (β = -0.40, P < 0.05) in the Hui subsample (vs. Han) when stratifying analyses by ethnicity. These findings suggest among those of Hui ethnicity, parental religious involvement may impact children's dietary behavior in a way that may affect their future health habits.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in ethnic groups in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is common in China, which has a multiethnic population of 1·3 billion. We set out to establish the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in different ethnic groups. MethodsWe did a nationwide cross-sectional survey of eight ethnicities from six provinces in China. Metabolic syndrome was defined with the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We analysed results using SPSS version 22·0. We used logistic regression for deriving odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. FindingsBetween June 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2011, 24 796 participants were involved in the survey. The crude prevalence of metabolic syndrome ranged from 3·60% to 21·70% depending on the age group. After age standardisation, the respective prevalence of metabolic syndrome in descending order was 34·53% (Korean), 22·81% (Hui), 19·80% (Han), 13·72% (Miao), 12·88% (Tujia), 12·04% (Li), 11·58% (Mongolian), and 6·18% (Tibetan). Korean ethnicity was associated with a higher prevalence in five components of metabolic syndrome, whereas Tibetan ethnicity was associated with lower prevalence in most of the components except decreased HDL cholesterol. Logistic regression analyses showed that age (OR for 60–86 years old 34·12; 95% CI 24·67–47·18), drinking status (1·35; 1·20–1·51), and not being Tibetan (Han 2·975; 2·194–4·034; Li 2·096; 1·487–2·954; Miao 1·961; 1·262–3·048; Mongolian 1·835; 1·272–2·648; Korean 5·989; 4·249–8·442; Hui 4·020; 2·859–5·653; and Tujia 1·753; 1·166–2·637) were all associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. InterpretationThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean and Hui ethnicities was higher than for the other ethnic groups. Tibetan ethnicity was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. The ethnic differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components mean that measures to tackle the metabolic syndrome should be tailored to the characteristics of that population. FundingThe Ministry of Science and Technology of P R China (2006FY110300).

Relationship of religiosity to mental health literacy, stigma, social distance, and occupational restrictiveness in Ningxia Province, China

ABSTRACTLittle research has assessed the relationship between religiosity and mental health awareness in low- and middle-income countries. This study identified a representative sample of 2,425 community-dwelling adults in Ningxia, China and administered the Duke University Religion Index, the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire, the Mental Health Attitude Questionnaire, the Social Distance – Personal Questionnaire and the Social Restrictiveness – Occupational Questionnaire. Religious affiliation per se was not associated with mental health literacy or attitudes, but higher levels of religiosity were associated with better awareness of mental health issues and less social distance and occupational restrictiveness of those with mental health conditions. However, these relationships were substantially different in Hui ethnicity respondents (85% of whom were practicing Islam) and Han ethnicity respondents (15% of whom practiced Buddhism, Taoism or Confucianism).

Huizu between Religious Control and Freedom in Communist China: A Study of Chinese Muslim Minority

The freedom of religion in communist China is an ambiguous notion as the communist party understands religion as a reminiscent of backwardness and simultaneously proclaims the freedom of religion in the country. Islam, religion practiced by Hui minority, is included among the recognized religions of China and its adherents are granted rights to follow it. This paper argues that the Communist party has employed a disguised policy of controlling religious belief through establishing state controlled religious organizations and imparting freedom to practice religion. The slow and steady mind-making through these institutions train Hui youth to withdraw from their religion and to facilitate this withdrawal, the previously extant correlation between Hui ethnicity and religion (Islam) has been eliminated by the state and Hui ethnicity has nothing to do with religious affiliation anymore. The data for this research has been collected through ethnographic research upon the Hui community of Xi’an, employing unobtrusive observation as well as intensive interviewing.

Association between pesticide exposure intensity and self-rated health among greenhouse vegetable farmers in Ningxia, China.

BackgroundSelf-rated health (SRH) has been shown to be a stronger comprehensive predictor of health status than the clinical record. Although an association between specific pesticide exposures and health conditions has been reported in different populations, data on the relationship between pesticides exposure intensity (PEI) and SRH in greenhouse farmers is scarce. The aim of the current study was to evaluate this association among vegetable greenhouse farmers in Yinchuan City, western China.MethodsThree consecutive cross-sectional studies were conducted in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Face-to-face interviews by trained investigators, using questionnaires, were performed. PEI was calculated by a validated method and then categorized into high, middle and low groups. SRH was measured via a single ten-point scale question and then divided into excellent (score >5) and poor SRH (score ≤5). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association. Meanwhile, the dose-response and interaction effects were estimated.ResultsA steady association between high PEI and poor SRH (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05–2.28 in the full model) was identified. Although high PEI was significantly associated with poor SRH in males and the Han ethnicity group, no significant association was found with poor SRH in females or those of Hui ethnicity. Interaction effects of education level and frequency of breakfast with PEI were determined (Pinteraction = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively); synergistic enhanced effects for poor SRH were observed.ConclusionThese findings indicate that high PEI might be associated with poor SRH among vegetable greenhouse farmers. A lower education level and never eating breakfast contributed to an increased likelihood of poor SRH in those with high PEI. The local government should be making great efforts to promote healthy behaviors and improve protection awareness.

China’s Favored Muslims? The Complex Relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the Hui Ethnic Group

The People’s Republic of China remains a multinational unitary state, where the prc Constitution expressly guarantees freedom of religion and fair treatment of ethnic minorities. The Chinese Communist Party (ccp) retains ultimate authority regarding internal and external affairs, including the selective enforcement of constitutional rights. Various ethnic groups, such as the Turkic Uighurs, have long been perceived as rebellious, while the Muslim Hui have often been treated favorably, with laxer enforcement of laws and more religious autonomy. Many attribute this “model minority” perception of the Hui to cultural similarities shared with the Han. Although the ccp continues to allow religious freedoms to the Hui, the trajectory of persecution has slightly increased due to threats of global Islamist insurgencies. Leadership under President Xi Jinping seeks to maintain its power by combating “foreign infiltration” of Islam. Party officials allow Hui to interact with Muslim countries internationally under one circumstance—beneficial business transactions.

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength are correlated in women (but not in men) in Hui ethnicity

IntroductionDigit ratio, especially second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is used as a biomarker of prenatal testosterone exposure and was found associated with physical ability, such as handgrip strength (HGS). Recently, this association has been discussed in several ethnic groups. AimsTo investigate correlations between 2D:4D and HGS in Chinese population of Ningxia Hui ethnicity. MethodsHere we firstly present the evidence on digit ratio and HGS of 346 college students (119 males and 227 females) by collecting photographs and HGS of both hands at Yinchuan city, in the Ningxia province of China. ResultsFemales have higher mean values of digit ratio than males; significant variances of 3D:5D (left and right: P<0.05), 2D:3D, 3D:4D (left and right: P<0.01) and 2D:4D, 2D:5D (left and right: P<0.001) were found between different sex. Males showed significantly greater HGS than females on both hands. 2D:4D of both hands were significantly negative correlated with HGS in females (but not in males). Conclusions2D:4D ratio is negatively correlated with HGS in a Chinese population (especially in females) of Ningxia Hui ethnicity.

Vitamin D status and the prevalence of deficiency in lactating women from eight provinces and municipalities in China.

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency has become prevalent worldwide in recent years. However, less evidence was available for lactating women.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to understand vitamin D status and prevalence of deficiency in lactating women and associated risk factors for vitamin D deficiency from eight provinces and municipalities in China.MethodsLactating women within 1–10 months postpartum were recruited in 2011–2013 from eight provinces and municipalities in China. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. Standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on season, living site, ethnicity and socio-demographic characteristics.ResultsTotally 2004 lactating women were recruited. The median (p25, p75) of 25(OH)D was 15.8 (10.5, 24.0) nmol/L. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 85.3% as 25(OH)D <30nmol/L. Serum 25(OH)D levels of lactating women were significantly lower during October-January (14.0nmol/L) than during February-May (18.0nmol/L) (P<0.001), and were significantly higher in Dai ethnicity (22.5nmol/L) than in Hui ethnicity (Chinese Muslims) (9.0nmol/L) (P<0.001). For every 10,000 CNY annual income per capita increasing, serum 25(OH)D levels significantly increased 1.04 times (P<0.001). The odds of vitamin D deficiency in winter were 2.56 times higher than that in spring (OR 2.56, 95%CI: 1.91–3.43).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency of lactating women was highly prevalent in the eight provinces and municipalities in China. It is urgent to study the strategy and intervention ways for improving vitamin D status of lactating women, especially for certain population groups during low sunlight exposure season.

Associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms of VEGFR1 and smoking with age-related macular degeneration in Hui and Han populations from Ningxia region in China

Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a heritable, progressive degenerative disorder that triggers central visual impairment.Research demonstrated that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vascular endothelial growth factor 1 (VEGFR1) gene is associated with AMD in different population.However, the results varied among diversified ethnic origin composition and distinct regions. Objective This study was to investigate the associations between the SNPs of VEGFR1 genetic variants along with smoking exposure and the risk of AMD in Hui and Han ethnics in the Ningxia population in China. Methods A case-control study was conducted.Four hundreds and thirty-two AMD patients including 325 Han ethnic patients and 107 Hui ethnic patients were recruited from March 2011 to June 2015, and 906 ethnicity-and gender-matched age-related cataract patients were contemporaneously recruited as control group, including 698 Han ethnic patients and 208 Hui ethnic patients.Periphery blood sample of 5 ml was collected from the subjects and genomic DNA was prepared.Eight tagging SNPs loci were acquired to cover rs2281827, rs3936415, rs7337610, rs7981680, rs9554320, rs9554322, rs9582036 and rs9943922, and the genotypes of SNPs were detected by using MassARRAY™ time-of-flight mass spectrometry system.Chi-square test and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis were utilized to estimate the discrepancy of allele frequency and genotype distribution in Hui and Han AMD patients.Moreover, the correlation of AMD with smoking and age statue were further analyzed.This study protocol complied with Helsinki Declaration and was approved by Ethic Committee of Ningxia Eye Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained before any relevant medical examination. Results There were significant differences in the age between AMD group and control group in both Han and Hui ethnicity (Han: P=0.000; Hui: P=0.009). The smoking exposure was significantly different between AMD group and control group in Han ethnicity (P=0.000), and smoking was the independent risk factor of AMD disease in Han ethnicity of Ningxia region (odds ratio[OR]=2.622, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.899-3.619). The allele frequencies of SNPs were not significantly different in the AMD patients between Han and Hui ethnicity (all at P>0.05). However, the allele frequencies and genotype distribution of rs7337610 and rs9554322 SNPs were significantly different between the AMD group and control group in both Han and Hui ethnicity (all at P=0.00). The genotype distribution of rs9582036 and rs9943922 SNPs was significantly different between the AMD group and control group in Han ethnicity (P=0.02, 0.00). Allelic G of rs7337610 was the protective factor of AMD disease in Han and Hui ethnicity (OR=0.354, 95%CI: 0.288-0.435; OR=0.446, 95%CI: 0.315-0.632), while allelic C of rs9554322 was the risk factor of AMD disease in Han and Hui ethnicity (OR=1.671, 95%CI: 1.234-2.262; OR=3.661, 95%CI: 2.156-6.218). Allelic A of rs9582036 was the risk factor of AMD disease in Han ethnicity (OR=1.477, 95%CI: 1.124-1.940). Conclusions Smoking is the independent risk component for Han population with AMD.Of the eight SNPs tagged, the genotypes and alleles of rs9554322 and rs7337610 seems to confer susceptibility to AMD in both Han and Hui ethnicity, the genotypes and alleles of rs9582036 and rs9943922 confer susceptibility to AMD in only Han ethnicity. Key words: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1/genetics; Macular degeneration/ethnology; Polymorphism, single nucleotide/genetics; Risk factors; Odds ratio; Genetic predisposition to disease; Alleles; Smoking/adverse effect; Case-control studies

Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women.

To evaluate vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women. A descriptive cross-sectional analysis. China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010-2013. A total of 1985 healthy pregnant women participated. Possible predictors of vitamin D deficiency were evaluated via multiple logistic regression analyses. The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 15·5 (interquartile range 11·9-20·0, range 3·0-51·5) ng/ml, with 74·9 (95 % CI 73·0, 76·7) % of participants being vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml). According to the multivariate logistic regression analyses, vitamin D deficiency was positively correlated with Hui ethnicity (P=0·016), lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·021) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the autumn months, vitamin D deficiency was related to Hui ethnicity (P=0·012) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the winter months, vitamin D deficiency was correlated with younger age (P=0·050), later gestational age (P=0·035), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (P=0·019), low ambient UVB level (P<0·001) and lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·007). Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant Chinese women. Residing in areas with low ambient UVB levels increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency, especially for women experiencing advanced stages of gestation, for younger pregnant women and for women of Hui ethnicity; therefore, vitamin D supplementation and sensible sun exposure should be encouraged, especially in the winter months. Further studies must determine optimal vitamin D intake and sun exposure levels for maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels in pregnant Chinese women.