Huangpu River Research Articles

Shanghai’s Regenerated Industrial Waterfronts: Urban Lab for Sustainability Transitions?

In China, Shanghai often serves as a place to introduce and try out new ideas. This is certainly the case with experimental urban planning and design solutions and sustainability transitions. This article identifies and evaluates the role of pilot projects and demonstration zones along the Huangpu River. These clusters and zones are supposed to guide the urban regeneration of the former industrial waterfronts and to accelerate innovative development in Shanghai and the wider Yangtze Delta Region. The Huangpu River as a whole is considered an urban lab and a showcase of ecological civilisation policies, with a strong ‘people oriented’ focus on improving the overall quality and attractiveness of urban life. Following three decades of rapid urban expansion, Shanghai’s urban development model is shifting toward one that emphasizes densification and the reuse of existing elements. The motto of Shanghai’s latest master plan is “Striving for an Excellent Global City.” One of the pathways to realize this expectation is the creation of thematic clusters for creative industries, financial institutes, AI, and technology, media and telecommunication industries. These clusters are high-density investment projects meant to support and accelerate the transformation of Shanghai into a service economy. There are important similarities between these projects in Shanghai and the role of urban labs in theories of sustainability transitions. Drawing on these theories and those of ecological civilization, this article examines how these so-called ‘experimental’ urban megaprojects along the river contribute to Shanghai’s effort to take the lead in developing sustainable urban transitions.

Tracking spatio-temporal dynamics of fluorescence characteristics of Huangpu River, China by parallel factor analysis: Correlation with disinfection by-product precursor and pesticide level variations

The components and characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the main precursor of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs), have attracted increasing attention in water sources. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) coupled with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis was used to investigate the DOM fluorescence characteristics of river water along the Huangpu River, China. Four fluorescence components were identified, including two protein-like components (C1 and C2) and two humic-like components (C3 and C4). The fluorescence characteristics showed spatial and temporal variations with the highest total fluorescence intensities observed in autumn, and the increased relative abundance of humic-like substance in the metropolitan area of Shanghai. Fluorescence index and biological index indicated that the DOM of Huangpu River water had both terrestrial and microbial origins and mainly autochthonous characteristic. Moreover, the formation potentials (FPs) of DBP for Huangpu River water were determined, and trihalomethanes were the predominant species formed in all samples. The correlation analysis further showed that PARAFAC C4 (microbial humic-like fluorescence) significantly correlated with the FP of N-DBPs, providing an insight for drinking water treatment to control specific DBPs precursor. In addition, the humic-like components also correlated with the concentrations of triazole and organophosphate pesticides detected in the Huangpu River. These results indicated that fluorescence-PARAFAC analysis is a promising tool to assess the DBPFPs and pesticide occurrence in surface waters.

Hydro-biogeochemical alterations to optical properties of particulate organic matter in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf area

Base-extracted particulate organic matter (BEPOM) collected in low (spring) and high (summer) runoff seasons in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent nearshore/offshore shelf areas was examined using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified two humic-like (C1p and C2p) biologically-refractory components and two protein-like (C3p and C4p) bioreactive components. Absorption coefficient a350p, C1p and C2p of BEPOM showed strong positive correlations with particulate organic carbon (POC), and were generally higher in spring than in summer. C4p correlated positively with Chl a, and was higher in summer than in spring. In the inner estuary, an anthropogenic POM signal from the highly polluted Huangpu River was effectively identified by the fluorescent component ratio (IT:IC)P. In the nearshore area during spring, resuspension within the well-developed turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) supplied large amounts of refractory POM into the water column. POM fractions from an autochthonous source (i.e., algal bloom) were dominant in the offshore area during the summer. A multivariate regression model inferred that POM export fluxes from the Changjiang River during spring had a higher percentage of labile POM fractions, which were subsequently retained by the TMZ. However, these labile fractions were discharged into the offshore shelf area contributing to hypoxia in the summer. The summer high runoff season also transported large amounts of refractory POM that was subsequently buried in the sediment. This study highlights the utilization of optical analyses to trace pollution sources and reveal POM fate and transport dynamics allowing better assessment of its ecological consequences in estuaries.

An optimized machine learning approach to water pollution variation monitoring with time-series Landsat images

Non-point source (NPS) pollution has greatly threatened socio-economic development and human health due to water environment degradation. It is very important to quantitatively analyze spatio-temporal variation rules of NPS pollution sources surrounding drinking water source area (DWSA) and their impact on the water environment with time-series satellite images. In this paper, we study a systematic remote sensing monitoring method on DWSA of upper Huangpu River, Shanghai. Firstly, an optimized Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classification algorithm, namely Mixed Kernel ELM with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO-MK-ELM) was constructed. Based on the PSO-MK-ELM, four NPS pollution sources- farmland, building land, woodland, and water were identified accurately and efficiently. Then their corresponding spatiotemporal analysis was performed with 30 years (1989–2019) Landsat images. On the basis of NPS pollution source area and census data from 1989 to 2017, the principal pollutants discharged into DWSA were also calculated with the common Export Coefficient Model (ECM). Finally, the contributions of the spatial and temporal changes of NPS pollution sources on pollutant emissions were analyzed. The result indicates the PSO-MK-ELM has an advantage of efficiency and accuracy in NPS pollution source extraction and our results are expected to provide a scientific basis and data support for NPS pollution control and DWSA protection for better practices for environmental management in megacities worldwide.

The sediment-water diffusion and risk assessment of PAHs in different types of drinking water sources in the Yangtze River Delta, China

PAHs are hazardous and ubiquitous pollutants in the aquatic environment. Understanding their flux, diffusion and environmental risk is very important for the sustainable development of drinking water sources. Thus, PAHs residues were measured with isotope dilution mass spectrometry in sediments, and overlying water of different types of drinking water sources such as rivers, lake, and river networks of Yangtze River Delta. These water bodies are important sources of drinking water, fish, and ecological habitats of various species. The results showed that the ΣPAHs were ranged from 4.25 to 407 ng/L in water, ranked in order as follows: rivers > river networks > lake. ΣPAHs were ranged from 149 to 8023 ng/g dry weight in sediment, ranked in order as follows: river networks > lake > rivers. Low molecular weight PAHs were dominant compounds in water, while high molecular weight PAHs were dominant compounds in sediment. The ffSW values revealed a net resuspension of naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Dih), fluorine (Flu), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) from sediment to water in all kind of water sources; indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (Ind), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) were transferred from water to sediment in Qiantang river but these compounds were at sediment-water equilibrium in Yangtze River, Huangpu River, Jiaxing River Network and Taihu Lake. Acenaphthene (Ace), fluoranthene(Fla), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr), benzo[g,h,i]anthrancene (BPY) were at sediment-water equilibrium at Qiangtang River. PAHs were mainly derived from a mixed source of combustion and petroleum through source resolution. According to quality guidelines, PAHs in sediment posed a potential ecological threat at one site, however, drinking water did not pose any carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.

Spatial distribution of cultural ecosystem services demand and supply in urban and suburban areas: A case study from Shanghai, China

In the urban ecosystem, the demand for cultural ecosystem services (CES) has greatly increased, and the imbalance of CES supply and demand has been prominent. This paper integrated multi-source data to analyze and visualize the spatial differences in CES demand and supply capacity between Shanghai urban center and suburbs. Based on the geo-tagged photo data, the spatial distribution differences of the four types of CES demand, Recreation & tourism services (RTS) demand, Aesthetic services (AS) demand, Heritage & cultural services (HCS) demand, and Spiritual & religious services (SRS) demand, were analyzed. Residents and tourists had a strong demand for recreation and tourism, and the spatial agglomeration effect was the most obvious. Overall, CES demand was more concentrated in urban center, while the spatial distribution of suburbs was relatively discrete. At the same time, there were under supply areas of CES near the Huangpu River in urban center and suburbs. Results from bivariate Moran’s I method showed: 1) there was a significant positive spatial correlation between CES demand and CES supply capacity in urban center; 2) CES supply had a positive external impact on CES demand; and 3) the increase in CES supply capacity can promote the growth of CES demand.

What influenced the vitality of the waterfront open space? A case study of Huangpu River in Shanghai, China

Urban waterfront open spaces are important gateways that reflect the image and characteristics of the city, and assessing their vitality has become a priority of studies in recent years. However, the data traditionally used to quantify the vitality of waterfront open spaces are often subjective and costly and laborious to procure. A method involving big data - real-time Tencent user density - has been proposed and demonstrated using Shanghai as a case study. We investigated how the site design, traffic accessibility, surrounding population, and service facilities of open spaces affected the density and stability of waterfront open space users. We used structural equation model to test four hypotheses of the relationship about above four aspects and the vitality. The results showed that the site design, surrounding population, and service facilities had significantly positive effect; traffic accessibility showed a negative effect on the vitality. The study findings could offer insights that are relevant to planning and design of urban waterfronts.

Analysis of land use dynamics and driving forces of water source protection areas in the upper reaches of the Huangpu River

Analysis of land use dynamics and driving forces of water source protection areas in the upper reaches of the Huangpu River

How do urban spatial patterns influence the river cooling effect? A case study of the Huangpu Riverfront in Shanghai, China

Urban rivers play an important role in mitigating the surrounding temperatures, but the contributions of the influencing factors are still unclear. Using remote sensing data captured on summer, this study evaluates the river cooling effect (RCE) of the Huangpu River in the central area of Shanghai, China, and examines the influence of urban spatial patterns on it. We found: (1) the average river cooling intensity (RCI) ranged from 1.72 °C to 9.10 °C, with the mean value being 4.47 °C, and the average river cooling distance (RCD) ranged from 72.57 m to 465.42 m with the mean value being 197.35 m; (2) areas with intensive, irregular-shaped, connected and aggregated buildings tend to receive higher RCE, while areas with greenspace of the same characteristics are likely to weaken this effect; (3) areas with low-rise buildings embrace higher RCI, while high-density roads oriented perpendicular to the river bank contribute to a higher RCD; (4) when controlling other variables, the downwind area could obtain a higher RCI of 1.5 °C and a larger RCD of 1.2 m than the upwind area. These findings provide insights for the practice of climate adaptive planning and design on the urban riverfronts of Shanghai and places with similar environments.

Distribution characteristics of microplastics in urban rivers of Songjiang District, Shanghai

Plastic products are widely used for their low price, light weight and convenience for carrying. Meanwhile, more and more discarded plastic trashes enter water bodies. They can break down to smaller fragments by physical and chemical factors. Plastic debris whose sizes are smaller than 5 mm can be defined as microplastics. Microplastics can be ingested by organisms that take them as size-similar food. They can be transferred to human body through food chain by bioaccumulation and cause health crisis. Though there are plenty of researches focusing on marine microplastics, little attention is paid to microplastics in urban rivers. The urban rivers are closer to human residents and are largely influenced by human activities. So to understand the status of microplastics in urban rivers is urgent for human health. Shanghai, as an international economic, financial, trade, shipping, science and technology innovation center, is with dense population and strong human activities. Located in the Yangtze River Delta area, Shanghai is in the east of China, and near the Yangtze River Estuary and the East China Sea. Songjiang District is located in the southwest of Shanghai, about 40 km away from the urban area. The main rivers are Huangpu River, Dianpu River and Sijingtang River. The industry, agriculture and tourism are relatively developed in Songjiang District, so the pillar industries are diversified. In order to reveal the distribution and influencing factors of microplastics in urban rivers in Songjiang District, Shanghai, the contents, particle size range, sources and influencing factors of microplastics in four rivers which flow through different functional areas in Songjiang District were studied by means of surface sampling, density suspension separation, optical microscope and Laman spectroscopy. Results showed that the content of microplastics in the four rivers in Songjiang area was 2-5 pieces · m^-3, and the content of microplastics was negatively correlated with the runoff (<italic>R</italic>²=0.81, <italic>P</italic><0.05). The river with slow flow was more likely to hold the microplastics in the water. The particle size of microplastics in the river ranged from 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, and the particle size was relatively large. Microplastics mainly came from human life plastic waste and plastic packaging in industrial and agricultural production. The research results can provide a reference for the analysis of the current situation of urban river microplastic pollution, and lay a foundation for further prevention and control of urban microplastic pollution.

Occurrence and risk evaluation of organophosphorus flame retardants in two urban rivers in Yangtze River Delta

The occurrence and profiles of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in the Huangpu and Shiwuli Rivers, two urban rivers in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The total concentrations of OPEs were found at part-per-trillion ranges, with average concentrations that ranged from 424 to 1.84 × 103 ng L-1 for Huangpu River and 221 to 1.84 × 103 ng L-1 for Shiwuli River. Three chlorinated OPFRs including tris(chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) were the most abundant compounds among the investigated OPFRs, accounting for 90.6-99.8% of total concentrations. In Huangpu River, the OPFR concentrations were significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season which indicates obvious seasonal variation. Chlorinated OPFR concentrations differed significantly between upstream and downstream reaches of the Shiwuli River, as the result of geographic features and wastewater discharge. Estimated risk was calculated to compare predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) to observed concentrations of OPFRs. The results indicated no significant acute adverse effects of OPFRs in the two urban rivers for fish, daphnia, or algae.

Riverside Greenway in Urban Environment: Residents' Perception and Use of Greenways along the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China.

Urban greenways improve green coverage rates in urban environments and transform these environments in a people-oriented manner. This study adopted semantic differential (SD) methods and an importance–performance analysis (IPA) model to evaluate resident perceptions and preferences of riverside greenways. A survey of 588 residents was conducted on typical natural greenways, built greenways, and mixed greenways along the Huangpu River in Shanghai. The results showed that resident perceptions of style, space, and distance differed markedly, whereas their perceptions of environmental and psychological characteristics were relatively similar. There were strong correlations between residents’ characteristics and their perceptions, especially for their perceptions of greenway style, sense of order, and distance from the river. By comparison, most residents preferred mixed greenways. Additionally, respondents from areas with natural and mixed greenways believed that they benefited, whereas those from areas with built greenways displayed a potential sense of deprivation. The results of IPA analysis provide further support for the above conclusions. As a whole, the relatively simple methods demonstrated here could be useful to quantitatively analyze the subjective perceptions of urban residents.

A Study on Spatial Accessibility of the Urban Tourism Attraction Emergency Response under the Flood Disaster Scenario

With the ultrahigh-speed, large-scale development of tourism and the increasing frequency, intensity, and scope of extreme natural hazards in the context of climate warming, tourism has entered a high-risk era. Based on the central urban area within the outer ring of Shanghai as the research area and the tourism attraction as the research object, this paper takes the flood scenario simulation combined with GIS network analysis to evaluate the spatial accessibility of the emergency response of urban key public service departments (120) under current and future river flood scenarios in different return periods. The results of the study show that, (1) under the current and future flood scenarios, the submergence range is mainly distributed within 2 ∼ 3 km along the banks of the Huangpu River, and it tends to increase from north to south; (2) there are 6, 9, and 21 tourism attractions in the emergency blind area under the once-in-a-century floods in 2010, 2030, and 2050 and 98, 105, and 112 tourism attractions in the emergency blind area under the once-in-a-millennium floods in 2010, 2030, and 2050, respectively; (3) in the flood scene, local road traffic in the inundation area is interrupted by water, and 120 first aid cannot get or be delayed to some tourist attraction (blind area); and (4) in 2030, under the normal and flooding scenarios, 120 first aid in the downtown area of Shanghai has the fastest route to tourism attractions according to the speed of S1, S2, S3, and S4. The flooding intensity (range and water depth), road traffic conditions (vehicle flow speed), and the number and location of key public service departments jointly determine the service scope and response time of medical emergency in urban floods. Since the flood control area of the central city in Shanghai is mainly distributed in the 2 ∼ 3 km area on both banks of the Huangpu River, the impact of flood on the emergency medical service in the entire central city is limited, mainly in some hospitals in the riverside area, where 120 emergency vehicles are unable or delayed to reach some tourism attractions. The research indicates that the quantitative assessment method of spatial accessibility of the emergency response under flood scenario simulation has important scientific value and practical significance, which can provide decision-making basis for emergency management of tourism in China’s urban flood disaster.

The association between spatial attributes and neighborhood characteristics based on Meituan take-out data: Evidence from shanghai business circles

The success of a city increasingly depends on its role as a consumer centre. The new form of consumption is increasingly playing the leading role in urban consumption growth. Based on Meituan take-out data, this paper investigates quantitatively the spatial differences and explores the associations of the number of take-out with neighborhood characteristics on the scale of business circles in Shanghai by spatial econometric model. The results show that: (1) the average order quantity and consumption amount have the gradient consumption trend of the inner ring > the middle ring > the outer ring > the suburban ring. The spatial distribution of take-out in business circles is bounded by the Huangpu River, with an obvious pattern of more in the west and less in the east. (2) Three types of food distributions, traditional take-out, fashion casual take-out and supermarket and fresh take-out within business circles have obvious differences. In many business circles, fashion and leisure food delivery is significantly higher than traditional food delivery. Supermarket and fruit and vegetable take-out is scattered among business circles and is evenly distributed around the inner ring. (3) Economic level, population concentration, office and traffic factors have significant effect on the number of take-out. In detail, the impact on the volatility of dependent variables is as follows: catering industry > the number of white collars > population density > per capita consumption > traffic facility. This study proposes that office and catering industry, multi-centre city and traffic accessibility should be further strengthened in the coordinated development of Shanghai business circles so as to improve take-out economy.

Transpacific Maladies

This article centers on cultures of anxiety and threat across the Pacific. Threat is an especially useful category for writing about a “rising” China, which is often imagined both as a site of localized environmental ruination that prefigures imminent global collapse and as a source of contamination that easily crosses national borders. Particularly in the global North, China has become a focal point for ecoanxieties that are shadowed by longer histories of perceived racial and cultural threat. This article confronts the idea of China as threat by investigating representational cultures across the Pacific. It focuses on a series of recent events mediated through textual and visual forms that unfold as a contemporary ethical drama between species—the human and the pig: the 2009 swine flu pandemic, a 2013 episode in which thousands of pig carcasses were found floating in Shanghai’s Huangpu River, and the 2013 purchase of Smithfield Foods, one of America’s biggest pork producers, by the Chinese conglomerate Shuanghui. To understand the movement between the representation of threat and the violent responses that flare up in its wake, one must pay attention not only to quantifiable risks but also to the cultural forms that characterize anxiety in the Anthropocene. Ultimately, what is at stake is not just geopolitical relations or public health but also the lives and deaths of the animals that are so often slaughtered to protect humans.

Characterization of sediment toxicity in Shanghai Harbor using toxicity tests and digital gene expression analysis based on clams Ruditapes phillipinarum

In the present study, chemical analysis of contaminants (three classes of organic pollutants and seven metals) and elutriate toxicity test were adopted to evaluate the potential environmental hazards of dredged sediment samples from five sites (SS1-5) along Huangpu River Channel (Shanghai Harbor, China). The metal Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn and the organic pollutants including total hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in the five samples exceeded the threshold for effects level (TEL) to varying degrees. The probable effect concentration quotients (QPECm) of contaminants from the five dredged samples were all above 0.25, which means potential toxicity risks. Elutriate toxicity tests using medaka fish (Oryzias melastigma) and manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) showed that SS2 caused mortality to both species and SS1 caused mortality to fish. To explore the molecular biomarkers that may reflect the toxic effects, differential expressed genes were identified by RNA-Seq-based transcriptome profiling from the survived clams exposed to the two polluted elutriates (SS1, SS2). In clams exposed to SS1 and SS2 elutriate, 368 and 860 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated, 199 and 1304 genes were down-regulated, respectively. Fourteen DEGs were selected from the enriched pathways that reflect cytotoxicity and responses to xenobiotics for the following quantitative real time PCR analysis. The transcriptomic profiling and the selected gene's expression patterns from clams exposed to SS1 and SS2 showed significant differences with the non-contaminated and control groups. Using the expression data of the selected gene battery in Factor Analysis allowed the discrimination between contaminated and non-contaminated sites and may reflect an influence gradient of sites. The development of the assay of these molecular biomarkers may provide a rapid and high-throughput tool for the quality assessment of the dredging sediments.

Effects of glyphosate on microcystin-LR production and release from Microcystis aeruginosa at different temperatures.

Cyanobacterial blooms and their associated toxins are growing issues for many aquatic ecosystems. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a toxic and common cyanobacterial toxin, whereas glyphosate is a commonly used herbicide that is massively applied in agriculture. In this study, the effects of glyphosate on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and MC-LR synthesis and release from M. aeruginosa at different temperatures are investigated. In addition, the MC-LR pollution in the Huangpu River in Shanghai urban area is studied. Results indicated that the MC-LR concentration in the Huangpu River is related to water temperature. The laboratory experiments revealed that the growth of M. aeruginosa was slightly promoted at 15°C and glyphosate concentrations of 1 and 5mg/L and inhibited in the presence of glyphosate and high temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C). The intracellular MC-LR contents were remarkably increased by glyphosate at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C and remarkably decreased at 35°C. Meanwhile, the extracellular MC-LR contents were remarkably increased at all temperatures and all concentrations except when treated with 1mg/L glyphosate at 35°C. The highest extracellular MC-LR content, which was 143.9% higher compared with that of the control, was observed at 30°C and treatment with 10mg/L glyphosate. These results were consistent with those of MC-LR investigation in Huangpu River. Furthermore, in accordance with the intracellular MC-LR contents, the ability of a single cell to synthesize MC-LR was enhanced at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C and decreased at 35°C. These results provide an understanding on the toxic effects of glyphosate on cyanobacteria and the effects of temperature on MC release. Moreover, these results will be helpful in protecting aquatic ecosystems and human health.

Research on solute transport characteristics in the process of artificial recharge to control land subsidence in deep confined aquifer

Abstract. Since 1960s, Artificial Recharge has been adopted to control the geological disaster of land subsidence in Shanghai. The water source to recharge to the confined aquifer meet the Standard for Drinking Water Quality which comes from the Huangpu River or Yangtze River. Thinking the difference between the primary environment of deep confined aquifer and the surface water, the recharge will exert an impact on the quality of groundwater in the deep confined aquifer, as well as to obtain satisfactory effects of land subsidence prevention.This paper focused on the change rules of the elements such as Cl based on long term tracking and monitoring data from one artificial recharge testing field. And research the solute transport characteristics in deep confined aquifer during artificial recharge. On the bases of these analysis, this paper presented the degree and scope of influence to deep confined aquifer in the process of artificial recharge.

Application of 3D-aided Design in Urban Planning

To better express the design scheme, planners have always expected to present the design scheme vividly before construction and implementation. Compared with traditional aided design expression methods such as expression charts, sand table models, animation, etc., aided design techniques can show the design scheme better, which is conducive to adjusting and optimizing the scheme. In this paper, the concepts, characteristics, implementation methods of scheme expression charts, sand tables, 3D animation, aided design, and other scheme representation means as well as their application in the field of urban planning are briefly introduced. In addition, the latest application study of aided design technique in urban planning management of Shanghai and its application in the project of “Solicitation of planning schemes for both sides of Huangpu River” are briefly discussed.

Complex odor control based on ozonation/GAC advanced treatment: optimization and application in one full-scale water treatment plant

BackgroundTaste and odor problem in drinking water is one major concern for consumers and water supply. Exploring the odor characteristics and the major odor causing compounds in the source water is the base for odor control in drinking water treatment plant (WTP). In this study, focusing on a newly constructed reservoir with Huangpu River as the source water, the occurrence of typical odorants and their variations were first identified. Correspondingly, the removal behavior in an ozone/GAC advanced treatment process was investigated.ResultsThe results indicated that 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), geosmin (GSM), and bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether (BCIE) have major contribution to the musty/earthy and chemical/septic odors in the source water, respectively. Pre-ozonation alone (1 mg L−1) showed limited removal for 2-MIB and BCIE, at less than 30% and 20%, respectively, while combining with coagulation, sedimentation, and sand filtration, the removals were improved to higher than 50%. After post-ozonation, the desired removal was achieved at a 1.5 mg L−1 dosage with all the odorants decreased below the corresponding odor threshold concentrations (OTCs) in the effluents. Furthermore, at a 1 mg L−1 post-ozone addition, by combining with subsequent GAC process, the odor problem was solved as well.ConclusionTo resolve the odor problem in the drinking water, the concentrations of the odorants at less than their OTCs need to be achieved. As 2-MIB and BCIE have low reactivity towards direct ozonation, a subsequent GAC is needed with a moderate dosage of post-ozonation (1 mg L−1). Thus, for the odor problem in the source water, the suggested operation is: 1 mg L−1 of pre-ozonation in combination with coagulation, sedimentation, and sand filtration, followed by a 1 mg L−1 dosage of post-ozonation and finished by a GAC process.