Huanghuaihai Region Research Articles

SPI-Based Analyses of Drought Changes over the Past 60 Years in China’s Major Crop-Growing Areas

This study analyzes the changes in drought patterns in China’s major crop-growing areas over the past 60 years. The analysis was done using both weather station data and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) rainfall data to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results showed that the occurrences of extreme drought were the most serious in recent years in the Southwest China and Sichuan crop-growing areas. The Yangtze River (MLRY) and South China crop-growing areas experienced extreme droughts during 1960–1980, whereas the Northeast China and Huang–Huai–Hai crop-growing areas experienced extreme droughts around 2003. The analysis showed that the SPIs calculated by TRMM data at time scales of one, three, and six months were reliable for monitoring drought in the study regions, but for 12 months, the SPIs calculated by gauge and TRMM data showed less consistency. The analysis of the spatial distribution of droughts over the past 15 years using TMI rainfall data revealed that more than 60% of the area experienced extreme drought in 2011 over the MLRY region and in 1998 over the Huang–Huai–Hai region. The frequency of different intensity droughts presented significant spatial heterogeneity in each crop-growing region.

2010年中国农作物净初级生产力及其空间分布格局

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 2010年中国农作物净初级生产力及其空间分布格局 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201411252346 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项资助项目（XDA05050509）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41401240） Spatial patterns of net primary productivity of crops in China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:采用2011-2012年全国实测水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、油菜、棉花6种作物的生物量获得的干燥系数（DC）、收获指数（HI）和根冠比（R/S），结合2010年以县为单位的农业统计数据估算了2010年中国农作物产生的净初级生产力（NPP）。2010年中国农作物产生的NPP为596 Tg C，其中地上NPP为517 Tg C，地下NPP为80 Tg C。NPP空间分布不平衡，主要集中在东北的松嫩三江平原、黄淮海平原、长江中下游平原、西南的四川盆地和华南的珠江流域。单位面积农作物产生的NPP介于9-2094 g C m-2 a-1之间，平均密度为519 g C m-2 a-1。NPP密度（NPPD）较高的地区主要分布在中国的东部的湿润、半湿润地区以及内陆灌溉条件较好的地区。9个农业区中，黄淮海区农作物产生的NPP最多，东北区NPPD最高，青藏区农作物NPPD最低，产生的NPP也最少。作物种植面积能解释98%农业区之间NPP差异。通过对每个区域内县域NPPD与气候因子和化肥因子做相关分析，发现化肥施用量、日照时数、气温和降水均对NPPD的空间分异有影响，但是9个区域的主导因素不同。 Abstract:Net primary productivity (NPP) and its response to global change is an important factor to consider in research in this field. A significant pool of carbon (C) is stored in agriculture soils. Crop biomass returned to the soil supports the maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC). Studying the NPP, and its spatial variation aids SOC balance definition and help elucidating soil carbon dynamics in agroecosystems. In this study, we established a new data bank of dry coefficient (DC), harvest index (HI), and root to shoot ratio (R/S) for rice, wheat, corn grain, soybean, cotton, and oilseed crops based on field samples collected across China from 2011 to 2012. The data bank represents the most recent reference coefficients available in China. Using county-level crop yield information, reported as national agricultural statistics, combined with the DC, HI, and R/S for rice, wheat, corn grain, soybean, cotton, and oilseed crops, we estimated the amount of NPP produced in 2010, and analyzed its spatial distribution. It was estimated that 596 Tg C was produced in 2010 in China's cropland, mainly distributed in the Huanghuaihai region, the Middle-Lower reaches of Yangtze River and Northeast China. The mean county-level NPP density was 519 g C m-2 a-1, ranging from 9 to 2094 g C m-2 a-1. The NPP produced in China's cropland represents 8% of global crop biomass, suggesting that it makes a large contribution of the croplands, which add to the world's carbon pool. Greater county-level NPP density (g C m-2 a-1) (NPPD) primarily exists in the humid and semi-humid regions of eastern China, as well as in the regions of northwest China with more developed irrigation. Lower NPP density occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. The Huanghuaihai region produced the largest NPP among 9 agricultural regions. While the area of sown land accounted for 98% of this difference, the density of NPP could only explain 31% of the variance among the 9 agricultural regions. The NPPD of Northeast China was the highest and that of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the lowest. In order to assess the impact of climate and fertilizer on NPPD in all 9 agricultural regions, we analyzed the relationships between NPPD and T0, P0 (the sum of the daily temperature above 0℃ and precipitation in 2010, respectively), T10, P10 (the sum of the daily temperature above 10℃ and precipitation in 2010, respectively), T (the average temperature in 2010), TT (the average diurnal temperature difference in 2010), P (the average precipitation in 2010), PP (total amount of precipitation in 2010), S (the total hours of sunshine in 2010), and the consumption of chemical fertilizer in 2010. The results indicated that all the factors considered could influence the distribution of NPPD; however, the most influential factors varied among the 9 regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Evaluation of productivity and stability of elite summer soybean cultivars in multi-environment trials

Spring soybean cultivars produced in moderate climates currently represent almost the entire soybean industry; however, soybean production has the potential to be extended into the summer months in different regions of the world. It is critical to select the correct soybean cultivar for production in a specific environment. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the productivity (yield) and stability of the current summer soybean cultivars in multi-environment trials in the Huang–Huai–Hai region, presently the largest summer soybean-producing region in the world, to determine which cultivars will be most successful for large scale production in this region, as well as those that should be used in future breeding efforts. A total of 94 summer soybean cultivars were grown in the three major soybean production provinces, i.e., Shandong, Henan, and Hebei, over 3 years (2008–2010). The GGEbiplot™ software provided a ‘genotype x genotype-by-environment interaction’ function to evaluate the importance of agronomic factors controlling the soybean yield of each cultivar across the nine different environments. Xudou10, Zhonghuang39, Lu93748-1 and Lu99-1 exhibited relatively high average yields. The stability among the high-yielding cultivars was ranked in decreasing order as Xudou10, Zheng99048, Jidou7, Yudou18, and Gaozuoxuan-1. Among all recorded factors, the pod number per plant was the most important factor controlling yield, followed by seed number per plant, effective branch number, and 100-seed weight, which positively affected soybean yield. In contrast, a higher bottom pod height, greater number of nodes on the main stem, and longer growth duration were negatively correlated with yield.

In situ nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and ammonia volatilization in maize field fertilized with urea in Huanghuaihai region of northern China.

Nitrogen (N) fertilization potentially affects soil N mineralization and leaching, and can enhance NH3 volatilization, thus impacting crop production. A fertilizer experiment with five levels of N addition (0, 79, 147, 215 and 375 kg N ha-1) was performed in 2009 and 2010 in a maize field in Huanghuaihai region, China, where > 300 kg N ha-1 has been routinely applied to soil during maize growth period of 120 days. Responses of net N mineralization, inorganic N flux (0–10cm), NH3 volatilization, and maize yield to N fertilization were measured. During the growth period, net N mineralization and nitrification varied seasonally, with higher rates occurring in August and coinciding with the R1 stage of maize growth. Soil NO3 −-N contributed to more than 60% of inorganic N flux during maize growth. Cumulative NH3 volatilization increased with N additions, with total NH3 volatilization during maize growth accounting for about 4% of added N. Relative to the control, mean maize yield in the fertilizer treatments increased by 17% and 20% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. However, grain yield, aboveground biomass, and plant N accumulation did not increase with added N at levels > 215 kg N ha-1. These results suggest that the current N rate of 300 kg N ha-1 is not only excessive, but also reduces fertilizer efficacy and may contribute to environmental problems such as global warming and eutrophication of ground water and streams.

Investigation and Evaluation of Land Ecological Status of Coal Mining Subsidence in Huang Huai Hai Area

Based on technology of Geographic Information System, Geographic Position System and Remote Sensing, land ecological status of coal mining subsidence in Huang Huai Hai area is investigated and evaluated. The investigation and evaluation database for land ecological status of research area is constructed after field survey and information extracted from the current land ecological condition in this paper. Research results in this paper can be used to restore the land ecosystem of coal mining subsidence in Huang Huai Hai region.

黄淮海湿地生态系统服务与生物多样性保护格局的耦合性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄淮海湿地生态系统服务与生物多样性保护格局的耦合性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201103180338 作者: 作者单位: 北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,农业部环境保护科研监测所,北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2013CB430406）；国家自然科学基金（31370535） Analysis of spatial congruence between ecosystem services and biodiversity in huanghuaihai region Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,Environmental School,Beijing Normal University,State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,Environmental School,Beijing Normal University,Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture,State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,Environmental School,Beijing Normal University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究生物多样性格局与生态系统服务格局之间的空间耦合效应，探讨以生物多样性保育为核心目标的自然保护体系同时能多大程度满足对生态系统服务功能的维护和支撑，已成为自然保护领域新的热点关注问题。目前研究多限于陆域生态系统，其方法难以适用于湿地生态系统。以黄淮海湿地——这一高强度人类活动的区域为研究区，基于湿地生态系统的横向连接度、纵向连接度（2D）以及结合地下水的垂向连接度（3D），对黄淮海地区湿地具有的生态系统服务功能进行了空间评估和分析，识别出具有重要意义的生态系统服务功能区域，结合现有保护区分布情况进行空间分析，评价现有保护区对生态系统服务功能的支持程度，即生物多样性保护与生态系统服务功能重点区域的空间耦合性。研究结果表明：目前湿地保护区并未有效覆盖湿地生态系统关键区域，湿地生态系统服务关键格局也存在大量明显的保护空缺。同时，随着2D到3D延伸，保护区对生态系统服务功能的支持程度也稍有提高，这与系统保护规划中选择不同保护目标后保护规划格局发生变化的情况类似，而生态系统服务功能的“热点地区”（重要区域）与保护生物学中所指的物种保护的热点地区类似，这表明生态系统服务功能的规划和保护也可以借鉴保护生物学中系统保护规划的理论和方法，为后续研究提供参照。 Abstract:As ecosystem services becoming the ad hoc to researchers, their spatial pattern and relationship with biodiversity also have been kept focus on. Existing studies showed that ecosystem services conservation were not considered in reserves planning, which largely aimed to protect biodiversity. Based on GIS, this study mapped ecosystem services in Huanghuaihai region through horizontal and longitudinal dimension (2D), as well as added vertical dimension (3D), and recognized key ecosystem services area. Then the spatial congruence between ecosystem services with biodiversity was tested and analyzed. Results shown existing wetland natural reserves have little ability to capture key ecosystem services area, and there are lots of important key ecosystem services gaps. The spatial congruence between them suggested that 3D is more practical than 2D to key ecosystem services protection, which is similar to hot area in conservation biology. So the systematic conservation planning theory could be introduced to ecosystem services protection in the future, integrating them together as conservation target. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Analysis on yield components of elite maize variety Xundan 20 with super high yield potential

Xundan 20 was released by Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2003. The stability, adaptation and yield components of Xundan 20 were analyzed using data from Huanghuaihai national tests in 2001 and 2002 and from high yield trials from 2005 to 2010. The results showed that variety Xundan 20 yielded most and increased significantly than Nongda 108 (Control, CK) in Huanghuaihai national tests in 2001 and 2002. The yield potential of variety Xundan 20 was so high that it created a series of new record in China. The yield of variety Xundan 20 of 15971.7 kg/ha created the highest record of summer maize in China in 2007, with the yield components of 77835 plant/ha, 205.2 g/ear, 596.16 grains/ear and 350 g per 1000-grain. The variation coefficient of variety Xundan 20 was small and its yield was stable. It is based on excellent comprehensive resistance of variety Xundan 20 to main disasters in Huanghuaihai region such as diseases, pests and lodging. Key words: Maize, Xundan 20, stability, wide adaptability, yield components, super high-yield.

Factors affecting summer maize yield under climate change in Shandong Province in the Huanghuaihai Region of China

Clarification of influencing factors (cultivar planted, cultivation management, climatic conditions) affecting yields of summer maize (Zea mays L.) would provide valuable information for increasing yields further under variable climatic conditions. Here, we report actual maize yields in the Huanghuaihai region over the past 50 years (1957-2007), simulated yields of major varieties in different years (Baimaya in the 1950s, Zhengdan-2 in the 1970s, Yedan-13 in the 1990s, and Zhengdan-958 in the 2000s), and factors that influence yield. The results show that, although each variety change has played a critical role in increasing maize yields, the contribution of variety to yield increase has decreased steadily over the past 50 years (42.6%-44.3% from the 1950s to the 1970s, 34.4%-47.2% from the 1970s to the 1990s, and 21.0%-37.6% from the 1990s to the 2000s). The impact of climatic conditions on maize yield has exhibited an increasing trend (0.67%-22.5% from the 1950s to the 1970s, 2.6%-27.0% from the 1970s to the 1990s, and 9.1%-51.1% from the 1990s to the 2000s); however, interannual differences can be large, especially if there were large changes in temperature and rainfall. Among climatic factors, rainfall had a greater positive influence than light and temperature on yield increase. Cultivation measures could change the contribution rates of variety and climatic conditions. Overall, unless there is a major breakthrough in variety, improving cultivation measures will remain important for increasing future summer maize yields in the Huanghuaihai region.