Housing Type Research Articles

The spatial planning of housing and urban green space: A combined stated choice experiment and land-use modeling approach

Urban green space (UGS) is receiving increasing attention as a means to make cities better adapted to climate change and to create high-quality living environments for citizens. The spatial planning of UGS generally asks a trade-off between optimizing land-use and accessibility characteristics which may differ between housing types. In this paper, we use a stated choice experiment to estimate residential location preferences related to neighborhood land-use, UGS and accessibility characteristics in the framework of a land-use model. A national sample of 394 Dutch homeowners participated in the experiments and mixed logit models were estimated by housing type distinguishing detached, row houses and apartments. The estimation results show that trade-offs made between a green neighborhood and accessibility to urban amenities tend to differ between the housing types. The estimates are used as parameters in a housing land-use allocation model. An application of the model to a residential area development problem shows that creating green buffers along road infrastructure is the most beneficial way of allocating UGS considering the housing value for residents. The application further shows that apartments benefit more strongly from UGS in the neighborhood than from high accessibility of urban amenities compared to detached and row houses. Finally, we find that the optimal spatial allocation of UGS depends on whether maximizing housing market-value or residents’ utility is the prime objective.

Changes in Family Structure during Shantytown Redevelopment and Their Correlation with the Living Space

Amid rapid urbanization, shantytown redevelopment profoundly transforms urban environments and catalyzes substantial changes in social, economic, and family structures. Yet, most previous studies have focused narrowly on the outcomes of single residential mobility events, overlooking the complex dynamics that unfold across the pre-redevelopment, during-redevelopment, and post-redevelopment phases. This study investigates changes in family structure and their correlation with living space throughout all three phases of shantytown redevelopment in Heze City, Shandong Province, China, from 2016 to 2023. Collecting data through a community survey, we gathered 1035 valid responses to analyze family structure and residential characteristics. Our analysis, which included Sankey diagrams and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM), revealed a predominant trend of large families fragmenting into smaller nuclear units and demonstrated a significant positive correlation between family structure complexity (FSC) and living space. Notably, the FSC from a previous phase had a significant influence on the living space of the following phase, indicating lagged effects where housing choices are influenced by prior family structure. Further comparisons across different housing types and tenures during the temporary phase highlighted diverse structural changes among families. These insights are crucial for policymakers to refine urban redevelopment strategies, better meet residents’ needs, and enhance the efficacy of policies.

Socioeconomic, Cultural, and Educational Determinants of Maternal and Perinatal Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lima, Peru

Socioeconomic, cultural, and educational factors influencing the health of pregnant women, postpartum women, and perinatal health in Lima, Peru, were analyzed.To analyze the socioeconomic, cultural, and educational determinants associated with the health of pregnant women, postpartum women, and perinatal health during the COVID-19 pandemic at the primary care level in the Cono Sur of Lima.A quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study with a non-experimental design was conducted on a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 217 pregnant and postpartum women. Structured surveys were used, and data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics, including ordinal logistic regression to explore the relationships between variables.Of the 217 participants, 47.5% were aged between 25 and 35 years, 41.9% were pregnant, and 30.9% had one child. Additionally, 59% were single, 46.1% professed the Catholic religion, and 36.9% were homemakers. Significant relationships were found between health and social, economic, and educational determinants, highlighting housing type, family income, and access to services such as the internet and television.The health of pregnant women, postpartum women, and perinatal health in the Cono Sur of Lima is conditioned by a combination of socioeconomic, cultural, and educational factors. These findings underscore the need for specific policies and programs to address inequalities and improve maternal and perinatal health in the region.

Occurrence of antibodies and epidemiological significance of Toxoplasma Gondii and Neospora caninum infections in canine populations of Laguna, State of Santa Catarina.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are two species of protozoa that belong to the Apicomplexa phylum and are distributed worldwide. T. gondii is one of the most extensively studied parasites due to its significant health implications. In this study, an investigation on the occurrence of T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies in dogs from a municipality on the southern coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and its associated risk factors were conducted. Blood samples were collected from 238 dogs, and a questionnaire was used to gather relevant information about the dogs, including their age, gender, breed, housing and habits. The serum samples were then subjected to indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using a cutoff of 1:64 and 1:50 to detect antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. The study's findings revealed that the frequency of T. gondii was 23.1% (55/238), and no factors associated with infection in these animals were identified. However, the frequency of N. caninum was 4.2% (10/238), and the study identified the type of housing and environment in which the dogs lived as the factors that were associated with the infection. Stray animals and those that lived exclusively outdoors had a greater frequency of N. caninum. These results indicate that dogs from Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil, are exposed to T. gondii and N. caninum. As such, further studies are necessary to enhance the understanding of the nature of these protozoan infections in the municipality.

Probit Analysis of Attitudes of Surrounding Farming Communities Towards Urban Expansion: Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State

The general objective of the study was to investigate the attitudes of surrounding farming community towards urban expansion and to assess whether they would accept this form of expansion close to their farming land in Bishoftu town. 303 farmers around bishoftu town was interviewed using systematic random sampling method. Yeman’s formula was used to get the appropriate sample. To analyse the data descriptive and econometric method were used. From descriptive percentage and frequency, was employed and probit econometric model was used to analyse determinant factors which affect the perception for urbanization as opportunity or treat. From these six variables where significantly affected the perception of the farmers at different significant level. This are age, level of education housing type, total agricultural produce income, religion, ethnicity and land holding. From this research result it is recommended to provide training for farmers about the importance of urbanization. We must give due attention in the process of urbanization for not affecting the major farm land. And the government of Ethiopia should focus on non-farmable areas in the process of urbanization and urban expansion.

Zoning’s treatment of housing: Analysis from a nationwide sample of places

ABSTRACT Advocates of increased housing supply and affordability in the United States have targeted zoning regulations as drivers of housing cost growth, but they lack an understanding of the prevalence and geographical distribution of different types of zoning regulations because few efforts exist to compile zoning data across localities. This study measures the amount of land allocated to different housing types in a random, stratified sample of 90 places of over 10,000 residents across the U.S. Despite our exclusion of smaller communities, we find that variations of single-family zoning are more than three times as common as zoning for three or more units per lot. We also analyze socio-demographic, built environment, and political characteristics of the sampled places in relation to their zoning practices, finding few relationships between place-level characteristics and the shares of land dedicated to different housing types. Our results from a national sample suggest significant variation in zoning practices relative to local demographic characteristics and point to the importance of understanding zoning practices and paths for reform in their local and regional contexts.

Grappling with real property supremacy in US urban climate finance

In US cities, drives to secure property value against climate risks have become a preoccupation for mainstream climate finance. This real property bias sidelines non-owners and inhabitants of historically marginalized housing types, limiting their capacity to prepare for and recover from climate change events. In this intervention, we survey major pathways of existing climate finance, before turning to emerging trends for residential ‘climate-proofing,’ retrofitting efforts that bring climate finance ‘home’ to the building level. Building on the concept of ‘real property supremacy,’ we demonstrate how resourcing climate response is limited by the privileging of real property in the structure and distribution of low-carbon financial tools and incentives. We argue that this privileging reproduces hierarchies of protection for some, while exacerbating existing social inequalities, exclusions, and predations for others—ultimately, yielding greater control over climate futures to those with asymmetrical power over real property. This structurally unequal treatment risks locking-in extant social hierarchies embedded in US real property relationships instead of seizing opportunities to transform them via the historic urban investments required for climate change.

Passive sampler housing and sorbent type determine aquatic micropollutant adsorption and subsequent bioassay responses

The combination of integrative passive sampling and bioassays is a promising approach for monitoring the toxicity of polar organic contaminants in aquatic environments. However, the design of integrative passive samplers can affect the accumulation of compounds and therewith the bioassay responses. The present study aimed to determine the effects of sampler housing and sorbent type on the number of chemical features accumulated in polar passive samplers and the subsequent bioassay responses to extracts of these samplers. To this end, four integrative passive sampler configurations, resulting from the combination of polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and Speedisk housings with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and hydrophilic divinylbenzene sorbents, were simultaneously exposed at reference and contaminated surface water locations. The passive sampler extracts were subjected to chemical non-target screening and a battery of five bioassays. Extracts from POCIS contained a higher number of chemical features and caused higher bioassay responses in 91% of cases, while the two sorbents accumulated similar numbers of features and caused equally frequent but different bioassay responses. Hence, the passive sampler design critically affected the number of accumulated polar organic contaminants as well as their toxicity, highlighting the importance of passive sampler design for effect-based water quality assessment.

An Analysis of Factors Influencing Public Management Expenses by Housing Type

An Analysis of Factors Influencing Public Management Expenses by Housing Type

Medicare Advantage Plan Star Ratings and County Social Vulnerability.

The star rating of a Medicare Advantage (MA) plan is meant to represent plan performance, and it determines the size of quality bonuses. Consumer access to MA plans with a high star rating may vary by the extent of social vulnerability in geographic regions. To examine the association between a county's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and the star rating of a county's MA plans. This cross-sectional study used 2023 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data for all MA plans linked to 2020 county-level SVI data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were analyzed from March to October 2023. Quintile rank of county based on composite and theme-specific SVI scores, with quartile 1 (Q1) representing the least vulnerable counties and Q5, the most vulnerable counties. The SVI is a multidimensional measure of a county's social vulnerability across 4 themes: socioeconomic status, household characteristics (such as disability, age, and language), racial and ethnic minority status, and housing type and transportation. County-level mean star rating and the number of MA plans with low-rated (<3.5 stars), high-rated (3.5 or 4.0 stars), and highest-rated (≥4.5 stars) plans. Across 3075 counties, the median county-level star rating was 4.1 (IQR, 3.9-4.3) in Q1 counties and 3.8 (IQR, 3.6-4.0) in Q5 counties (P < .001). The mean star rating of MA plans was lower (difference, -0.24 points; 95% CI, -0.28 to -0.21 points; P < .001), the number of low-rated plans was higher (incidence rate ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.61-2.06; P < .001), and the number of highest-rated plans was lower (incidence rate ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70-0.81; P < .001) in Q5 counties compared with Q1 counties. Similar patterns were found across theme-specific SVI score quintiles and for 2022 star ratings. In this cross-sectional study, the most socially vulnerable counties were found to have the fewest highest-rated plans for MA beneficiaries. As MA enrollment grows in socially vulnerable regions, this may exacerbate regional differences in health outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries.

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RETROFITTING ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE MULTI-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF CHINA

The construction industry is one of the primary sources of carbon emissions. In the context of the global response to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the impacts of climate change,China implements the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralisation policy. The policy vigorously promotes energy conservation and emission reduction in the construction industry, particularly housing. Due to the large stock of existing old multi-storey residential buildings in China, most of which are not energy-saving, and the lack of a sustainable assessment framework to retrofit such buildings, it is deemed essential to analyse the shortcomings of the current assessment standards and frameworks and formulate a better alternative. Therefore, this paper aims to provide the rationale for proposing a sustainability assessment framework for retrofitting old multi-storey residential buildings in China. It first explains the concepts of sustainable development and housing, then combs the current Chinese government’s commitments to sustainable housing agenda. The unsustainable state of this housing type is then reviewed, followed by the issues and gaps in the existing sustainable building assessment standards in China and overseas to justify the necessity of developing a sustainability assessment framework for retrofitting multistorey residential buildings in China. This framework would assist the retrofit of old multistorey residential buildings in reducing energy consumption, improving efficiency and achieving sustainable development. It also contributes to the body of knowledge in sustainable building assessments and helps in the planning and design processes within the public and private sectors related to the construction industry.

Private rental housing market in Ethiopia: Aspirations and challenges

The private rental accommodation is a significant contributor to urban housing supply and is densely populated. Despite its prevalence, it has not received much attention in academic discussions. The rental housing market is like a double-edged sword, with both positive and negative aspects. Researchers have identified it as a problematic housing type that requires further investigation and intervention. A mixed research approach was employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data from 384 samples to understand the rental housing market better. The study found that the regulatory and interactional aspects of the private rental housing market have contributed to its problematic features. Although the market positively impacts housing shortages, private rental a source of unsuitable accommodation. To address these issues, the authors recommend regulatory and interactional dimensions of the private rental housing market be addressed through formal intervention and legislation.

장년세대 노년생활 주거선택에 관한 연구

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to find out what characteristics the elderly generation exhibits when choosing a residence to live in their old age after retirement. In other words, we tried to analyze what was an effective response strategy from the perspective of housing policy to minimize the mismatch between demand and supply in the housing market as well as housing stability by appropriately supplying the most preferred housing in the location they prefer. (2) RESEARCH METHOD As a tool for empirical analysis, frequency analysis was first conducted using the SPSS 26.0 statistical program, and response distribution and sample characteristics for all questionnaires were identified. Based on the evaluation data on the matters to be considered when choosing a place of residence after retirement, variables were classified through factor analysis and reliability analysis for each factor, and significant differences in the general characteristics of the sample were found and verified through chi-square analysis. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS About 80% of the population of the elderly generation hope to move to the Gyeonggi-do area or the outskirts of Seoul within 5 years after retirement and live in a country house, apartment, or residential complex with an area of 20 to 30 pyeong(66~99㎡) or less. It was also found that they wanted to live independently around their children. There is a need for housing policies that respond to their needs to be quickly established in the short and long term. 2. RESULTS Analysis of what is an effective response strategy from the perspective of housing policy to minimize the mismatch between demand and supply in the housing market as well as stable housing for the elderly by appropriately supplying the most preferred housing in the location most preferred by the elderly. In addition, by analyzing housing preference according to general characteristics, the type of housing desired after retirement and the desired area were derived, and the residential area preferred and desired by the elderly generation was identified and presented as basic data for policy establishment.

THE TOWER HOUSE SPACE PLANNING AND ACTIVITIES IN OLD CITY SANA’A YEMEN

This paper explores the activities of Yemeni people in the Traditional Tower Houses in Old City of Sana'a. Yemen characterized by its unique traditional architecture; it is evident that every region in the country has its architectural character, which influenced by the local context (natural and cultural environments), and has many heritage sites registered with UNESCO heritage areas. The researcher will be focusing on the tower houses type to find the relation between the space planning and the Yemeni people daily activities that affect the space planning of the traditional tower house. Daily activities for Yemeni will be identify to ensure the space planning are designing according to the Yemeni activities as usual in term of the space size and space function. The tower house was design with 4 to 7 storey which is, each storey has a different function and activities. This study will be carried out through two types of data collection started by the observation, interviews, questionnaire's and the measurement by the researcher based on one of the case studies which is Bait Abu Luhum tower house which located in the Old City of Sana'a at Al- Abhar tower house. The conclusion summarizes the Tower House components and its relationship to the lifestyle and activities of Yemeni people the lessons to be learned from this example.

Experimental study on the effect of operational and environmental conditions on photovoltaic modules productivity in El-Oued region, algeria

This experimental study aims to track the changes in electrical properties and energy behavior of two technically identical photovoltaic modules of the RAGGIE type (RG-M165W model) under different operating conditions. The first is the reference photovoltaic module, while the second is the targeted photovoltaic module. Both modules were tested under the same climatic conditions in the Algerian region of El-Oued. Numerous practical experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effect of using a solar tracking system (a horizontal single-axis tracking system manually moved from east to west), changing the tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules, and the cleanliness of the effective photovoltaic module area on their productivity. The study results showed a convergence between experimental and theoretical results. The optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules in El-Oued during the study days is 33°, and any inaccurate selection of this angle results in an efficiency loss of 19.31 %. Additionally, manually tracking the solar path improved the photovoltaic module efficiency by 1.63 %. A decrease in energy productivity by 34.68 % was recorded due to dust deposition of 14.5 g.m−2. Economically, it was shown that installing a photovoltaic system consisting of 14 RAGGIE modules can feed a typical Algerian house with 136.6 MWh over 25 years, with a Levelized Cost of Energy of $0.037/kWh, and the CO2 mitigation is 59.15 tons with a saving of $858.

Energy Efficiency Assessment of Existing Rural Houses in Nantong Based on Human Thermal Comfort

Current research on rural houses in China mainly focuses on improving energy efficiency, with relatively few studies addressing energy-saving measures and enhancing thermal comfort for residents. Therefore, this paper focuses on existing rural houses in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, as the research object. Through on-site measurements and questionnaire surveys, it was found that the average indoor temperature of rural houses is 28.5 °C in summer and below 10 °C in winter, failing to meet the comfort needs of the villagers. To further study human thermal comfort, a linear regression method was used to establish an indoor Mean Thermal Sensation (MTS) model for Nantong’s rural houses. The neutral temperature in summer was found to be 26.46 °C, and an adaptive thermal comfort model for rural residents in the Nantong area was established. Through single-factor simulation and orthogonal experiments, the optimal comprehensive energy-saving renovation scheme was proposed. Finally, a typical rural house in Zhangzhuang Village was used as a case for building renovation practice. After the renovation, the number of thermal comfort hours increased by 145 h per year, the thermal comfort compliance rate reached 47.07%, and the overall energy-saving rate was 57.41%.

The Prevalence of Malnutrition among Children Aged 6-10 Years in Umuahia South, Abia State, Nigeria

The challenges of hunger and inadequate intake of food which hampers the nutritional status of children remains an issue of concern in Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence of malnutrition among children aged 6-10 years in Umuahia South, Abia State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents for the study. Two hundred and twenty three (223) children 6-10 years were randomly selected from three community schools in Umuahia South. Structured and validated questionnaires were used in data collection. Data collection included basic characteristics of children, socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the parents. Food habits of the participants, anthropometric characteristics of the children. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using Statistical Package for Service Solution (SPSS) for Windows Version 20. Descriptive statistics, frequency, percentages, Pearson’s correlation, cross tabulation and chi-square were used to examine the relationship between the variables, significance was accepted at p&lt;0.05. Almost all the children (99.6%) were immunized. About half of the households (57.8%) had a size of 4-6 persons. More than one third of the mothers’ had secondary (46.2%) and tertiary (30.9%) education. Most of the households used tap (70.4%) and borehole water (16.1%) as their major source of water. The households used gas (37.7%) and firewood (22.4%) mainly as cooking fuel. Based on the anthropometric status of the children, about 29.6% of the children were stunted, 5.8% were underweight and 2.6% were thin. There was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between the mother’s education, source of water supply, mother’s occupation and underweight in the children. In addition, there was a significant relationship (p&lt;0.05) between mothers’ occupation, source of energy, type of toilet, good health facility and stunting in the children. There was a significant relationship (p&lt;0.05) between mother’s education, source of water supply, source of energy, good health facility, type of housing and BMI-for-age in the children. Socio economic characteristics of the mothers was an important factor in the health and nutritional status of children. There is need for school feeding programs and nutrition education to improve on children’s health and feeding habit.

New perspectives on multiple fuel use: Energy flexibility in household cooking solutions in Tanzania

There is a tendency to approach multiple fuel use mainly as a problem. This has limited how it is understood and addressed. This article uses a mixed-methods approach to advance understandings of multiple fuel use. We apply social practice theory to analyse multiple fuel use through a survey (n = 354) and 32 qualitative interviews in peri-urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We find multiple fuel use with charcoal to be common, mostly in combination with LPG. Cooking solutions are combined in a complementary manner for their material qualities, but also by social factors. Multiple fuel use enables effective use of different energy types, saving money, coping with low and fluctuating incomes, and securing household energy supply. Flexibility also helps women navigate time constraints and multiple responsibilities, cook for larger families, maintain food culture, and make nutritious food affordable. Characteristics such as income level and variability, housing type, family size and children's age, are analysed as social differences influencing cooking patterns. We find multiple fuel use to be more than simply “stacking” of new fuels: it is an expression of competence and innovation. Efforts for change must build on holistic understandings of people's lived realities and should acknowledge their competent ways of manoeuvring difficult life conditions to a greater extent. Continued use of polluting cooking solutions through multiple fuel use is a barrier to clean energy transition, but solutions are more likely to succeed if recognising the multiple reasons and benefits from practicing multiple fuel use, rather than focusing on its negative impacts.

High prevalence and risk of malaria among asymptomatic individuals from villages with high prevalence of artemisinin partial resistance in Kyerwa district of Kagera region, north-western Tanzania

BackgroundAlthough Tanzania adopted and has been implementing effective interventions to control and eventually eliminate malaria, the disease is still a leading public health problem, and the country experiences heterogeneous transmission. Recent studies reported the emergence of parasites with artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) in Kagera region with high prevalence (> 10.0%) in two districts of Karagwe and Kyerwa. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors/risk of malaria infections among asymptomatic individuals living in a hyperendemic area where ART-R has emerged in Kyerwa District of Kagera region, north-western Tanzania.MethodsThis was a community-based cross-sectional survey which was conducted in July and August 2023 and involved individuals aged ≥ 6 months from five villages in Kyerwa district. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, parasitological, type of house inhabited and socio-economic status (SES) data were collected using electronic capture tools run on Open Data Kit (ODK) software. Predictors/risks of malaria infections were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the results were presented as crude (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOverall, 4454 individuals were tested using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and 1979 (44.4%) had positive results. The prevalence of malaria infections ranged from 14.4% to 68.5% and varied significantly among the villages (p < 0.001). The prevalence and odds of infections were significantly higher in males (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.08 –1.51, p = 0.003), school children (aged 5–≤10 years (aOR = 3.88, 95% CI 3.07–4.91, p < 0.001) and 10–≤15 years (aOR = 4.06, 95% CI 3.22–5.13, p < 0.001)) and among individuals who were not using bed nets (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.46, p = 0.024). The odds of malaria infections were also higher in individuals with lower SES (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.17–1.72, p < 0.001), and living in houses without windows (aOR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.46–2.96, p < 0.001), partially open (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.11–1.58, p = 0.002) or fully open windows (aOR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.05–1.61, p = 0.015).ConclusionThe five villages had a high prevalence of malaria infections and heterogeneity at micro-geographic levels. Groups with higher odds of malaria infections included school children, males, and individuals with low SES, living in poorly constructed houses or non-bed net users. These are important baseline data from an area with high prevalence of parasites with ART-R and will be useful in planning interventions for these groups, and in future studies to monitor the trends and potential spread of such parasites, and in designing a response to ART-R.

Host–Guest Interaction and Sustainable Consumption Behaviour on Sharing-Accommodation Platforms: Using a Big Data Analytic Approach

The rapid expansion of the sharing economy has ignited diverse perspectives regarding its sustainability implications. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study examining the influence of host–guest interactions on sustainable consumption behaviour is yet to be conducted. To fill the abovementioned gap, this research crawls online data and corresponding consumer reviews of 46,360 properties listed on Muniao Short Rent. Employing latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to model sustainable consumption reviews and conducting subsequent regression analysis using SPSS, this research empirically demonstrates that the host–guest interaction frequencies and positive emotions during interaction positively influence guests’ sustainable consumption behaviours within the sharing-accommodation context. This research proposes the significance of the host–guest relationship for green consumers and argues that factors such as price and house type negatively moderate the host–guest interactions and guests’ sustainable consumption initiatives.