Book Reviews 149 A small group, including Hale, managed to launch an open life-raft stored on the wheelhouse roof. As his companions on the raft succumbed to the cold, Hale survived until unexpected rescue by a Coast Guard helicopter. Particular strengths of Torn in Two are Schumacher’s riveting portrayal of the violence of the sinking and slow death of the few men who initially reached safety on the raft, and the contentious investigation and inevitable litigation. Schumacher is a gifted writer with some very fine work to his credit, particularly an extensive study of Allen Ginsberg culminating in a comprehensive biography as well as editing a wide-ranging collection of his poems and letters. Torn in Two does a masterful job of closely focusing on the human element of the overall disaster, something we often ignore. In the end, the Morrell is just a pile of steel on the bottom of Lake Huron. It is the story of her crew and their survivors we all need to remember. Thank you, Michael, for writing this remarkable book. Frederick Stonehouse Northern Michigan University Joel Stone, ed. Detroit 1967: Origins, Impacts, Legacies. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2017. Pp. 328. Bibliography. Illustrations. Index. Cloth: $39.99. Detroit 1967: Origins, Impacts, Legacies is a compelling read for anyone seeking to understand Detroit’s torrid history of race relations, and what led to the police raid on an after-hours “blind pig” on July 23, 1967. The subject is organized around thirty-one accounts by authors familiar with the metro region, who provide history, critiques and personal recollections about the development of a city grounded in a racial atmosphere that should not have made the disturbance a surprise to anyone. What comes across throughout these mostly brief but intense vignettes is a city perched for an ultimate black-white clash that more than anything resulted from systemic and cumulative misgovernance, and institutional neglect. Posed throughout the readings are three questions. Was ’67 a riot, rebellion or revolution? Were persons having taken to the streets vile looters or proponents of legitimate grievances? And were they all blacks? Consensus on the questions is inconclusive, whether the authors are conservative, moderate or militant, including those who were victims of the melee or were first-hand observers. Each essay is a progression to the next as Detroit’s contentious racial history unfolds. And apparently, as noted early in the text, city leaders 150 The Michigan Historical Review continued to avoid grappling with Detroit’s racial problem as part of a nationwide pattern. Thus, 1967 was a major disturbance preceded by smaller racial clashes in the city in addition to the other significant encounters of 1863 and 1943. Roy Finkenbine notes this in his discussion of the Underground Railroad, stating that “at least six fugitive-slave riots occurred in Detroit before the Civil War” (p. 24). The essays are detail-driven, and the picture is the growing trail of events that made that fateful Sunday morning a predictable event, although the story of everyday African American life could at times slacken the hellish racial experience. De Witt Dykes points to the strides African Americans made in business and professional endeavors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. His account and others note alternatively that race relations were not always antagonistic. Yet, even as these round out the bigger picture of life in Detroit, palpable racial discrimination tended to erase the happy talk of African American success stories as the years advanced. The almost doom-haunted narrative becomes stronger post 1945, and by the early 1960s, despite the goodtimes propaganda of Detroit Mayor Jerome Cavanaugh, the pattern of intense housing segregation, jobs discrimination, and discrepancies in the quality of education between whites and blacks were irrevocably in place. Probably most important during these years was the deteriorating white police-black community relationship. Several authors mention this, but Melba Joyce Boyd gives it particular attention as a boiling-point circumstance central to the times. In essence, hardened social patterns between the races were inevitable. Moreover, because the media could be a catalyst in shaping how residents viewed these tensions, Tim Kiska takes aim at the media when ’67 occurred. The infamous...