Housing Security System Research Articles

Establishing a new system of affordable housing

The current housing security system plays a crucial role in improving people’s livelihood and promoting social equity and justice. However, the high eligibility criteria for affordable housing and its limited coverage have resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes of the affordable housing model. This paper introduces and analyzes the Korean Jeonse right system, and, in light of the current state of affordable housing development in China, proposes a new housing rental model. The aim is to address the core issues of the real estate market, alleviate the contradiction between “housing difficulties” and social progress, and offer suggestions for the future evolution of the housing rental market.

The History and Development Logic of China's Urban Housing Security System Since the Reform and Opening-up

The History and Development Logic of China's Urban Housing Security System Since the Reform and Opening-up

Inequity in Housing Welfare: Assessing the Inter-City Performance of China’s Housing Provident Fund Program

Accompanied by the monetisation of housing allocation, the Housing Provident Fund (HPF) has become an important part of China’s housing security system. As of 2020, HPF has been implemented for almost 30 years, but limited effort has been made to examine its performance, especially from a spatial (regional) perspective. Taking 287 Chinese cities as a sample and using the “access–process–outcome” framework, this study explores the inter-city differences in the performance of HPF and their relevant influencing factors. The results show that (1) there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the performance of HPF in China; (2) from 2015 to 2020, regional variation in the process and outcome performance showed a convergence trend, but the access performance between cities tended to widen and diverge; (3) regression results show that process-relevant variables (i.e., the contribution rate and the capital utilization level) are positively associated with the loan beneficiary rate (the HPF outcome performance), whereas access-relevant attributes (i.e., the HPF participation rate) exert negative influences. The study contributes to revealing the spatial heterogeneity of China’s HPF development. It highlights that more regionally oriented policy interventions are needed for policy makers and practitioners to optimize the development of HPF.

Design and Implementation of Image Capture for Cluster Housing Security System Based on IoT

The performance of IoT platforms to security systems has been implemented by some researchers in various scopes such as door, garage, and house gates. Implementing an IoT platform to the gate residential cluster is performed for entering and exiting the gate. Having an interactive system, sending an image of the visitor to the resident, and operating an automatic gate are three main features developed in this work. Using Arduino board to MATLAB and Arduino to Blynk interconnections is implemented to perform those three features. This work describes the entire process of its creation from hardware requirements, through the system's design, up to the simulation test from the running process. From the simulation test, the device can interact with the incoming visitor within 1.33 seconds on average, with the accuracy of the played voice being 100% correct, and the image sent to the 100% proper corresponding resident is done within the time taken to respond to permission granted is 1.56 seconds, while the permission denied takes 1.39 seconds.

The Current State of Development of The Real Estate Sector in The Context of The New Crown Epidemic and The Direction of Subsequent Development

In February 2020, the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank published articles emphasising the positioning of "no speculation in housing" and not using real estate as a means of short-term economic stimulation, and promoting the improvement of the basic economic housing security system; various places made policy adjustments in respect of housing provident funds and land rentals, etc. Policy adjustments were made in various areas such as housing fund and land concessions. The impact of the new epidemic has increased China's fiscal spending, and the real estate economy, as a source of revenue, plays an integral role in the country's socio-economic development. The arrival of the epidemic will also have a serious impact on our economy, with consumer habits changing; the erratic nature of the epidemic will make people more inclined to "tighten their belts" and use their assets for emergencies, and the real estate industry will cool down as a result. In the era of rapid development of big data, the real estate industry is getting a more systematic and comprehensive data and provides a different perspective for its subsequent development direction, and a more objective understanding of the current situation of the real estate industry under the influence of the epidemic. This study is based on the Newcastle pneumonia epidemic and uses big data networks to understand the current economic development of the real estate sector, and to analyse and deduce the subsequent development of the real estate sector and the direction of adjustment in accordance with the current situation, in order to promote the steady development of the real estate economy and thus reduce the impact of the Newcastle epidemic on the national economy and revenue growth.

Floating Population, Housing Security and Family Medical Economic Risk

With the rapid development of China’s economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the country’s housing security system is constantly improving. To address the housing difficulties experienced by low- and middle-income populations, China has formulated the housing provident fund system and the affordable housing system. However, especially for the floating population, housing and medical security have not resulted in an equalization of services. We thus analyze data from Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to describe the influence of housing security on the family medical economic risk of the floating population. According to the results, the payment of housing provident fund can effectively reduce the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures. In contrast, per capita financial expenditure on affordable housing will significantly increase family medical economic risk. Heterogeneity tests based on the household register and income levels show that the impacts of housing security vary across populations. In addition, the influence mechanism analysis shows that the impact is mediated through housing mortgage loans. Based on the conclusions drawn, three policy recommendations of optimizing the guarantee function of the housing provident fund system, expanding the coverage of affordable housing policy, and promoting the coordinated development of housing and medical security are proposed. This research not only has theoretical and practical significance for the establishment of the security system for the floating population in China but also provides an effective reference for the development of housing and medical security systems in other countries.

City Size and Permanent Settlement Intention: Evidence from Rural-Urban Migrants in China.

The location choice and livelihoods of rural-urban migrants are critical to the sustainable development of cities. By using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2017, this paper extant the Rosen–Roback’s model by adding factors of urban social network and air pollution to the function of the individual utility of migrants. Both the Probit Model and IV estimates imply evidence of an inverse U-shaped pattern of city size and migrants’ permanent settlement in urban China. This view proves that Chinese migrants like to settle permanently in large cities, but not mega-cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai. The internal mechanism is explained by the agglomeration economies and the crowing effect brought by city size. In mega-cities, the attractiveness of the city caused by wage premium cannot offset the combined repulsive force caused by the high housing price, bad urban social network, air pollution, and health deterioration. It is worth noting that air pollution has a significant negative impact on the settlement intention of migrants, such as health conditions and precipitation. Besides, there is heterogeneity among high-skilled migrants and low-skilled migrants in different city sizes. Our findings enhance the understanding of “Escape from megacities” in China and have implications for the reform of the housing security system and the exploration of the urbanization path.

Inspiration of Japan’s housing security system –– Reflections on reading "Bankruptcy After Old Age"

Reading the book "Bankruptcy after Old Age" has triggered the author’s interest in exploring Japanese housing security, and by reviewing the relevant systems and operation methods of housing security in Japan, in order to consider the inspiration for China’s housing security policy.

How does Affordable Housing Supply Affect Commercial Housing Prices：Crowd out Supply or Divert Demand？

Since the housing system reform in 1998, China’s commercial housing prices have risen rapidly, and far exceeded the affordability of commonality. In order to solve the housing problems of middle and low income families, China launched the construction of affordable housing, which has greatly improved people’s livelihood and social welfare. The impact of affordable housing supply on the real estate market is also related to the interests of social groups. How to understand the relationship between the two types of housing has become an important reference for building an internally coordinated and efficient housing supply system.Combined with China’s special housing security and land system, this study theoretically analyzes the possible impact of affordable housing supply on the commercial housing market by constructing the equilibrium model of supply and demand. Based on the panel data of 248 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2016, the FEM and IV models are used to test the theoretical hypothesis, and the mechanism and heterogeneity are further discussed.The results show that: In the statistical sense, we find that affordable housing crowds out commercial housing supply through the competitive allocation of land, but it cannot replace demand in the segmented housing market, which eventually raises housing prices. Furthermore, the crowding-out effect is more obvious in the regions with low land financial dependence. But the economic meaning of empirical results is weak, and the crowding-out effect and the impact of housing prices can be ignored. This means that the supply of affordable housing basically does not harm the welfare of other groups.In general, this study has strong policy implications. On the one hand, China should establish multi-agent supply channels. Collective construction land and idle land owned by enterprises can be used to build affordable housing to ensure the independence of the land supply mechanism. On the other hand, some cities can gradually relax the access restrictions on affordable housing according to the actual situation. They can provide talent housing for college graduates and professional and technical personnel, and provide affordable rental housing for urban “new citizens” and migrant workers, so as to effectively divert the demand for commercial housing and stabilize the price of commercial housing.

Combined Rental and Transportation Affordability under China’s Public Rental Housing System—A Case Study of Nanjing

As a core element of China’s housing security system, public rental housing (PRH) has gradually become an effective means of providing low- and moderately low-income groups with viable housing options and is regarded as the embodiment of housing justice values under the Chinese socialist system. Affordability for the groups covered by this system is crucial to its sustainable positive role. By modifying the housing and transportation affordability index (H&TAI) equation proposed by the Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT) and Center for Transit-Oriented Development (CTOD), United States, this paper establishes a novel rental and transportation affordability index (R&TAI), introduces transportation-time-cost and comprehensive-transportation-cost concepts and obtains transportation-time-cost data through accessibility analysis, which are incorporated into calculations of comprehensive transportation cost with the ArcGIS spatial analysis software. Based on the ratio of the combined cost of rental housing and transportation to household residual income (RI), this paper studies and measures the combined affordability for low- and moderately low-income residents under the PRH system. The burden of high combined rental and transportation costs not only greatly reduces residents’ ability to cope but also limits sustainable PRH system development, exacerbating the gaps between social strata. This study and its conclusions provide a reference for the Chinese government for reforming the macro-housing system and practically regulating the housing market while providing residents with options to reduce their comprehensive burden and improve their quality of life.

Architecture Internet of Things Based on Cluster Housing Security System Using Fog Computing

Architecture Internet of Things Based on Cluster Housing Security System Using Fog Computing

Enhanced of House Security System Based Pir Sensorand Microcontroller Based

Technological developments that are so rapid nowadays make people want to always be creative and trigger to create something new which can be applied and can be used easily and practically and can be controlled from close and long distance. In this research, what can be adopted is how to design a home security system using a microcontroller-based PIR (Passive Infra Red) sensor. Where this security will work if the PIR sensor (Passive Infra Red) detects the presence of unwanted humans into the house, and then the microcontroller processes and instructs cellphone 1 to send alarm signals in the form of SMS (Short Message Service).

Analysis of the Impact of Urban Housing on the Integration of Migrant Workers

The rural migrant workers have become the double marginalized people. In order to better design the urban housing security system for migrant workers, and to accelerate the process of agricultural transfer, this paper analyzes the relationship between the housing status of migrant workers and the degree of urban integration. Taking urban integration as the dependent variable and taking the gender and age as the control variables, the independent variable is formed by the living form, the housing area, the rent level and so on, and the independent variables are divided into different areas by the hierarchical multiple regression method. Four regression models have been established. It is found that living form, living condition and living willingness have a significant impact on the urban integration of migrant workers. In order to improve the urban integration of migrant workers, this paper puts forward three suggestions.

Prototype Pengaman Rumah Dari Bahaya Pencurian Berbasis Mikrokontroller Melalui Komunikasi Bluetooth

The negligence of residents and the lack of a house security system are the causes of the rampant cases of theft. Technological developments are increasingly rapid, making technology can be applied as a security system at home. This can be a solution to these problems. In this study a home security system was developed in the form of a prototype. This study uses a microcontroller that can be controlled using mobile devices via bluetooth communication. The prototype consists of a keypad to enter a password as a substitute for a home key, a PIR sensor as a detection of human body heat movements, and a buzzer as an alarm. The results of this study are that the prototype has been realized where the servo motor has been able to open and lock by entering the correct password. Setting ON / OFF lighting, display information on the LCD, and ON / OFF PIR sensor from an Android mobile phone via Bluetooth communication are in accordance with the plan.

Research on Housing Security System of Urban Old Community for Smart City

In order to help solve the problem of the lag of information management in the old residential quarters of smart cities, this paper takes 42 old districts in a city as an example to collect housing data. Based on Baidu API, Java language programming, MySQL database and other modern information technology means, research and development meets The old city housing security information management mode of the smart city. Practice shows that the system integrates and utilizes the advantages of the Internet. From the perspective of WebGIS digital map display and integrated housing security management, it helps city managers to more easily input and query the monitoring and management of community houses, thus saving labor costs. Promote the scientific development of information management in old communities.

Housing expenditure and home purchasing behaviors of rural-urban migrants in China

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the housing behaviors of rural-urban migrant workers in China and the associated socioeconomic determinants.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed a model to empirically identify the effects of income in multi-dimension, destination expected to live in the future, local housing policy, and a set of individual characteristics on housing-related expenditure and home purchase of rural-urban migrants. A survey data collected by the Development Research Center of the State Council was employed.FindingsThe results showed that migrants’ expecting place to live in the future is a significant factor influencing their housing-related decisions. Including migrant workers in local housing security system of the host city could also significantly improve their incentive to purchase home. Income jointly with income stability affects migrants’ housing-related expenditure positively, but has an insignificant effect on home purchases in host city. The cost to buy home in city is still far away from migrant’s affordability is a likely explanation.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aiming to investigate rural-urban migrants’ housing behavior in host city and to empirically identify the associated influencing factors.

Variation of Land-Expropriated Farmers’ Willingness: A Perspective of Employment and Inhabitance

Understanding land-expropriated farmers’ welfare change and the determinants of their willingness to change is very important for sustainable urbanization and social stability in developing countries. However, this issue has been seldom explored in previous studies, especially in China. This paper aims to enrich this field by conducting an empirical study using a household survey in 2014 in Nanjing, a major city in the Yangtze River Delta. The impacts of land expropriation on the variation of land-expropriated farmers’ employment and inhabitance are explored, while the determinants of land-expropriated farmers’ willingness are estimated using ordered logistic regression. Results show that the land-expropriated farmers pay more attention to the changes of employment and inhabitance after land expropriation, rather than land expropriation itself. While employment aspects were key determinants of the farmers’ willingness in 1996, factors relating to inhabitance aspects have become more important nowadays. Moreover, it is necessary to grasp the changing rules of land-expropriated farmers’ interest appeals in order to adjust the compensation and resettlement policies according to local conditions. Thus, this will improve land-expropriated farmers’ willingness. Meanwhile, the government should create a better expectation of employment and inhabitance after land expropriation for farmers. Furthermore, the government should also build a land expropriation information sharing and feedback mechanism in addition to improve the employment and housing security system.

Kontroler Alarm Rumah VIA SMS Menggunakan Microcontroller AT89S51 dan Handphone Nokia 6210 didukung Oleh Basic Compiler

A house security system is one of the applications of microcontroller chip benefit. This system can reduce the usage of human power to control a house security eventhough the owner is not in the house. This research was done by designing, creating and implementing all system components. The components are microcontroller as a process controller, basic compiler as programming language, limit switch as input device to system, barlet and buzzer whitch are used as SMS sending process activation, and the last is Nokia 6210 used for sending SMS to the house owner’s phone. This research showed that the tools function properly and can be developed in larger scale. This research is aimed to develop Microcontroller AT89S51 application as a house security controller.

Efficiency measurement and improvement of housing provident fund in China

Housing provident fund system plays an active role in promoting social stability and development, which further influences efficiency and sustainability of the society and harmony of people's life. This paper first sets up a multiple appraising system of efficiency and equilibrium of housing provident fund by integrating housing fund collection, housing fund extraction, loans and the statistics of national economy. The operational efficiency model is then set up based on Data Envelopment Analyses (DEA), and the model is optimised using the algorithm of differential evolution (DE) together with the constraint handling techniques, i.e. Deb's feasibility-based rule and multi-objective optimisation. The efficiencies of the whole country and 31 provinces are quantified, and some suggestions are finally obtained. This study quantitatively reveals the differences and imbalances of housing provident fund operation efficiency, and provides technical support for reforming the national housing provident fund development strategy, perfecting the national urban housing finance and security system, and strengthening the system top-level design.

Prediction of supply and demand of housing provident fund from the aspect of equilibrium warning

Housing provident fund system, as a housing security system of national policy, plays a positive role during the housing reform in China. Its equilibrium of supply and demand can affect its preservation, increment and sustainable development. In this paper, a prediction model is set up combined with appropriate predominant factors of supply and demand by the case-based reasoning method. The data of S city from 1999 to 2014 is analysed. The model can also evaluate equilibrium of supply and demand and spark early warning for the housing provident fund management institutions, and improve the mechanism.