Housing Problems Research Articles

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Health Care Utilization And Expenditures In Adulthood.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to be strong predictors of socioeconomic status, risky health behaviors, chronic health conditions, and adverse outcomes. However, less is known about their association with adult health care utilization and expenditures. We used new data from the 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Household Component (MEPS-HC) to provide the first nationally representative estimates of ACEs-related health care utilization and expenditure differences based on direct observation, rather than model-based extrapolation. Compared to demographically similar adults without ACEs, those with ACEs had substantially higher utilization and 26.3percent higher expenditures. The aggregate spending difference across the 157.6million US adults with ACEs was $292billion in 2021. Moreover, we observed large, graded relationships between ACEs and health status, health behaviors, and some dimensions of socioeconomic status. We also found associations between ACEs and a range of adverse adult circumstances, also newly measured in the 2021 MEPS, including financial and housing problems, social network problems, little or no life satisfaction, stress, food insecurity, verbal abuse, physical harm, and discrimination.

Estimating Accessibility Problems in the Swedish Housing Stock Using Citizen Science: The Housing Experiment 2021.

Accessible housing for the aging population is important, but large-scale reliable information on accessibility problems in ordinary housing is lacking. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of environmental barriers and analyze potential accessibility problems in the Swedish housing stock and to evaluate the validity and representativeness of housing data collected in a citizen science project. Data on environmental barriers in 1181 dwellings were collected by members of the public. Prevalence of barriers and potential accessibility problems were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ranking methodology. Validity and representativeness were addressed by comparisons with public statistics and research, and analysis of data properties. It was found there are substantial numbers of environmental barriers in dwellings across Sweden that generate accessibility problems for people with functional limitations. The results suggest that with user-friendly data collection tools and instructions, data validity and representativeness can be achieved in citizen science projects involving older adults.

Evaluating the association between receipt of a winter fuel cash transfer and older people's care needs, quality of life, and housing quality: Evidence from England

BackgroundExposure to cold temperatures is known to be associated with deterioration of physical and mental health as well as poorer well-being in many countries. The Winter Fuel Payment, an unconditional direct cash transfer of value between £250-£300, was designed to help older people in England cover heating costs during the winter months, to counteract the particular vulnerability of older people to the effects of cold weather. AimsWe evaluated the impact of the Winter Fuel Payment scheme on subsequent prevalence of care needs such as being unable to eat or shower independently, quality of life and the likelihood of having cold-related housing conditions. We also explored the potential effects of the Winter Fuel Payment across different sub-samples (poorer/richer individuals, those living in newer/older properties, and in the North/South of England) to explore whether its benefits (if any) are spread equally across the eligible population. Data and methodsWe used a regression discontinuity design approach with age as running variable to analyse seven waves of a nationally representative sample, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, covering the period 2002/2003 to 2016/2017, and consisting of 24,651 observations. ResultsThe Winter Fuel Payment had no overall effect on the outcomes of interest (care needs, quality of life, and cold-related housing problems). However, the Payment increased quality of life for poorer individuals, for those living in Northern regions of England, and for those living in newer dwellings. The likelihood of living in a property with at least one cold-related housing problem also decreased for those living in newer properties. ConclusionsFindings from this research provide important insights into the effectiveness of a winter cash transfer among the older population in England, and they are potentially relevant for other nations looking for strategies to deal with cold seasons and poorly insulated homes. In particular, this evaluation contributes to the ‘universality versus targeting’ policy debate and has implications for the development of energy-efficient policies.

Research On the Housing Problems of New Residents and Youth in First-Tier Cities and Exploration of Countermeasures--Based on Shenzhen, China

Research On the Housing Problems of New Residents and Youth in First-Tier Cities and Exploration of Countermeasures--Based on Shenzhen, China

Перспективы развития жилищного фонда в крупных городских агломерациях (на примере г. Волгограда)

In the current conditions of uncertainty and disproportionality in the development of the housing sector associated with various differences among large urban agglomerations, the condition of the available housing stock plays a very special role. This role determines the socio-economic conditions for the development of municipalities and the quality of life of the population. The existing number of barriers of an economic and administrative nature predetermines the need to analyze the prospects for the development of the housing stock as a driver of increased investment attractiveness, improvement of the city, and the creation of the necessary favorable conditions for the demographic development of Volgograd. Based on the results of the article, the current state of the housing stock of the city of Volgograd and the trends in its development are revealed, taking into account the implementation of state and municipal programs of socio-economic development, which allows us to assign a separate priority to the development of the housing stock of the city of Volgograd. The authors concluded that, despite the increase in the average level of wear and tear and the increase in the number of housing units recognized as dilapidated dwellings, the ongoing housing and construction policy compensates for most of the housing problems. However, the issue of choosing the most economically feasible approaches in relation to housing stock, which requires financing for its further operation or liquidation, still remains. The politics of the development of the housing stock of Volgograd should occur comprehensively along the following trajectories: capital improvements and reconstruction of the housing stock; housing construction using municipal and state contracts; carrying out renovation programs; and others.

Private rental housing market in Ethiopia: Aspirations and challenges

The private rental accommodation is a significant contributor to urban housing supply and is densely populated. Despite its prevalence, it has not received much attention in academic discussions. The rental housing market is like a double-edged sword, with both positive and negative aspects. Researchers have identified it as a problematic housing type that requires further investigation and intervention. A mixed research approach was employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data from 384 samples to understand the rental housing market better. The study found that the regulatory and interactional aspects of the private rental housing market have contributed to its problematic features. Although the market positively impacts housing shortages, private rental a source of unsuitable accommodation. To address these issues, the authors recommend regulatory and interactional dimensions of the private rental housing market be addressed through formal intervention and legislation.

Emergency Medical Services Encounters for Firearm Injuries - 858 Counties, United States, January 2019-September 2023.

Firearm-related deaths and injuries have increased in recent years. Comprehensive and timely information on firearm injuries and the communities and geographic locations most affected by firearm violence is crucial for guiding prevention activities. However, traditional surveillance systems for firearm injury, which are mostly based on hospital encounters and mortality-related data, often lack information on the location where the shooting occurred. This study examined annual and monthly rates of emergency medical services (EMS) encounters for firearm injury per 100,000 total EMS encounters during January 2019-September 2023 in 858 counties in 27 states, by patient characteristics and characteristics of the counties where the injuries occurred. Overall, annual rates of firearm injury EMS encounters per 100,000 total EMS encounters ranged from 222.7 in 2019 to 294.9 in 2020; rates remained above prepandemic levels through 2023. Rates were consistently higher among males than females. Rates stratified by race and ethnicity were highest among non-Hispanic Black or African American persons; rates stratified by age group were highest among persons aged 15-24 years. The greatest percentage increases in annual rates occurred in urban counties and in counties with higher prevalence of severe housing problems, higher income inequality ratios, and higher rates of unemployment. States and communities can use the timely and location-specific data in EMS records to develop and implement comprehensive firearm injury prevention strategies to address the economic, social, and physical conditions that contribute to the risk for violence, including improvements to physical environments, secure firearm storage, and strengthened social and economic supports.

Women's experiences in the aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye: A phenomenological study

This study aimed to understand women's experiences related to health problems and needs after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake, considered the “disaster of the century.” This study employed phenomenology, a qualitative research methodology, and used criterion sampling, a type of purposive sampling. The participants included women who had experienced both the major Kahramanmaraş earthquakes; whose houses were damaged in the earthquakes; who had to live in tents, cars, or other shelters; and who had been in the earthquake zone for about a month. Semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection tool to elicit women's thoughts and experiences after the earthquakes. The interviews were conducted face-to-face in a calm environment by taking the necessary precautions and recording the audio with the participants' written consent. The interviews lasted at least 25 min and at most 45 min. For evaluating the data, the researchers used descriptive and content analyses. After transcribing the voice recordings, the researchers created the code categories and themes. The study identified four themes: “burden of responsibility,” “security,” “care needs,” and “male dominance.” Using participants' statements directly in the findings increased the study's internal validity. The study's findings indicate that women continued to fulfill their social, childcare, and family care roles after the earthquakes. The findings suggest that during this period, women faced housing and security problems, their special needs were ignored, their needs were affected by male dominance, and they were subjected to physical and psychological violence.

Ketimpangan Sosial dan Kemiskinan Pada Masyarakat Perkotaan

The aim of this research is to investigate the factors causing social inequality and poverty in urban communities and identify effective coping strategies. The research method used is a qualitative literature study approach, where data is collected through searching and analyzing various literature sources relevant to the research topic. The results of the analysis show that social inequality and poverty in urban communities are influenced by various factors such as uneven economic growth, limited access to basic services, housing problems, and differences in access to education and health. The impacts of this inequality include health problems, low education, social instability, and deep economic disparities. To overcome social inequality and poverty in urban communities, a holistic response strategy is needed, including investment in inclusive education, strengthening basic infrastructure, community economic empowerment, and affordable housing policies. Collaboration between various stakeholders is also key in creating a more inclusive and sustainable urban society.

Housing Policy in Lithuania: A Qualitative Study of Social Housing Problems

Housing Policy in Lithuania: A Qualitative Study of Social Housing Problems

Talking about Homelessness and School: Recommendations from Canadian Young People Who Have Experienced Homelessness

The primary research question driving this paper is the following: “What are the schooling experiences of young people who are at risk of or experiencing homelessness?” Through interviews with 28 young people in two cities in Ontario, Canada, the authors identified several common experiences, including the following: lack of available information that could help them cope with their housing difficulties; prejudice and bullying from other students, sometimes stemming from their housing problems but also due to factors such as racialization, gender identity, poverty, and substance use; and individual support from some teachers and support staff, although this was dependent on being in school. They proposed changes to help young people still in school, including the inclusion of non-judgmental information and guidance on dealing with poverty and homelessness in school curricula, educating school staff about the ‘symptoms’ of homelessness to help them identify students at risk, and creating more safe and supportive school environments overall.

Owning versus Renting a Home—Prospects for Generation Z

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include sustainable cities and communities. The availability of housing for young people is a contemporary global problem, and the severity of housing problems for young people in many countries is widely discussed and raises important policy questions. Generation Z, described as digital, critical, adventurous, open-minded and, above all, mobile people, is now entering adulthood. The study attempted to identify the housing preferences of young people to determine whether they prefer renting a flat or owning one. Although generation Z differs from older generations in many respects, their perception of the housing issue does not differ significantly from the attitudes presented by older generations. The dominant model of the housing system in Poland, the non-commodified-familial model, which prefers ownership over renting, is also shared by the youngest generation. Hence, the conclusion addressed to the public authorities and the financing system is to enable the expansion of the credit offer supported by a long-term savings plan aimed at young people. Renting as an alternative way of securing housing needs is also perceived positively, with nearly 80% of respondents stating that they would be able to live in rented accommodation, mainly due to greater mobility, rising property prices and reluctance to take out a long-term loan. Hence, we suggest the need to support institutional renting along the lines of other countries with similar housing systems.

결혼 전 주택소유, 미혼 청장년의 결혼확률과 결혼시기에 영향을 미치는가?

Single individuals consider housing problems as the primary determinant in their decision to marry in South Korea. If they own a house, are they less likely to avoid marriage and more inclined to marry sooner? To identify this, we investigate the impact of pre-marital homeownership on the transition to marriage and its timing. To do so, we exploit a linear probability model with two-way fixed effects. We find no significant evidence of pre-marital homeownership on the transition to marriage, consistent across individual characteristics. Similarly, we also find that there is no evidence of the effects of pre-marital homeownership on marriage timing. However, the evidence of gender heterogeneity reveals that the pre-marital homeownership has marriage-delaying effects for women. These findings suggest the necessity of government intervention to discourage owning a house before marriage.

Association of race/ethnicity and severe housing problems with COVID-19 deaths in the United States: Analysis of the first three waves.

The objective of this study is to assess the associations of race/ethnicity and severe housing problems with COVID-19 death rates in the US throughout the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a negative binomial regression model to estimate factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in 3063 US counties between March 2020 and July 2021 by wave and pooled across all three waves. In Wave 1, counties with larger percentages of Black, Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN), and Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) residents experienced a greater risk of deaths per 100,000 residents of +22.82 (95% CI 15.09, 30.56), +7.50 (95% CI 1.74, 13.26), +13.52 (95% CI 8.07, 18.98), and +5.02 (95% CI 0.92, 9.12), respectively, relative to counties with larger White populations. By Wave 3, however, the mortality gap declined considerably in counties with large Black, AIAN and AAPI populations: +10.38 (95% CI 4.44, 16.32), +7.14 (95% CI 1.14, 13.15), and +3.72 (95% CI 0.81, 6.63), respectively. In contrast, the gap increased for counties with a large Hispanic population: +13 (95% CI 8.81, 17.20). Housing problems were an important predictor of COVID-19 deaths. However, while housing problems were associated with increased COVID-19 mortality in Wave 1, by Wave 3, they contributed to magnified mortality in counties with large racial/ethnic minority groups. Our study revealed that focusing on a wave-by-wave analysis is critical to better understand how the associations of race/ethnicity and housing conditions with deaths evolved throughout the first three COVID-19 waves in the US. COVID-19 mortality initially took hold in areas characterized by large racial/ethnic minority populations and poor housing conditions. Over time, as the virus spread to predominantly White counties, these disparities decreased substantially but remained sizable.

An Assessment of Landscape Perception Using a Normalised Naturalness Index in the Greater Seoul Area

This study analysed the greater Seoul area (GSA) in terms of naturalness, a representative indicator of natural scenic beauty, and created an assessment map, shifting from a traditional urban development perspective to a landscape perspective. It also developed a “normalised naturalness index” by combining the results of the expert metric score with the Hemeroby index, which was used as a naturalness assessment representative item. Then, it interpreted the naturalness status of the GSA landscape characteristics. As a result, the landscape of the GSA demonstrates the following five characteristics: First, the central business districts in the capital city of Seoul are densely developed areas with a very high degree of human intervention. Second, the satellite cities built to solve Seoul’s housing and logistics problems are rated as “a little less, but still heavily humanised” as a landscape characteristic. These areas are becoming increasingly humanised. Also, it is worth noting that the third characteristic, regarding moderate landscape areas, has a distinctly different meaning for areas outside of the city boundary, as well as those within the city boundary. Although these areas are in the same statistical category, they have two different meanings: one is the area where the average values converged on “moderate” by virtue of urban forests near the city centre, and the other is the area outside of Seoul that has a Hemeroby value of 0.5–0.6, which refers to open spaces such as agricultural lands, wetlands, or coastal areas. Fourth, suburban forests are reserved with legal restrictions to curb excessive urban sprawl, as well as parts of the demilitarised zone along the border areas of North and South Koreas. The last landscape characteristic is illustrated in the scenic area of the eastern woodlands. The normalised landscape naturalness index developed through this study provides an overall understanding of the environmental state of the GSA. Future research may build on the results of this study to refine methods for assessing public perceptions of naturalness.

Urbanization, Legacies of Elite Capture, and Multi-Dimensional Exclusions in Ghana: Towards Just Housing and Neighborhood Policies in African Cities

Persisting housing challenges in Africa’s cities are often theorized as driven by rapid demographic expansion outstripping housing supply or by the urbanization of poverty which puts the cost of adequate and serviced housing beyond the reach of many urban dwellers. This theorization links the problem of inadequate supply and low quality of housing to ahistorical, apolitical factors such as the size and income/poverty characteristics of Africa’s urban population and ignores legacies of elite capture and multi-dimensional exclusions reflected in policies and practices. Yet these policies and practices shape urban governance and who gains access to land, housing finance and ultimately serviced housing and neighborhoods. Drawing on a review of policies, media sources and literature on housing in Ghana and taking a critical postcolonial institutional theoretic approach, we argue that a more complete conceptualization of Africa’s urban housing crises should involve a close look at the regressive historical patterns of urban investments and persisting elite biases in institutions managing land, finance and housing. This re-framing of housing problems creates a more holistic framework and better articulates the unjust foundations of regressive and exclusionary policies and practices. Further, it highlights elite capture and multi-dimensional exclusions that perpetuate current housing and service failure in African cities. An explicit focus on power, exclusion and injustice is necessary to formulate and advocate alternative policies that are more likely to produce inclusive livable housing and neighborhoods. These include moratoriums on evictions, expanded slum upgrading, progressive property and land taxation, more inclusive planning systems, better regulation of rental housing and improved delivery of land and finance for transit oriented affordable public and rental housing.

Usulan Perancangan Tata Letak Fasilitas Produksi Dengan Metode BLOCPLAN Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas CV. Madu Apiari Mutiara

CV. Madu Apiari Mutiara is a company that operates in the field of derivative honey products such as pure honey, candy, soap, and health products such as propolis and other derivative products which have various shapes and compositions. This condition makes it necessary to have the most efficient spatial layout of work areas and production facilities in order to increase work morale and work productivity in terms of the layout of production facilities. The method used to solve this problem is the BLOCPLAN method. This method can solve facility layout problems in CV Madu Apiari Mutiara production houses with the level of close relationship, area requirements, taking into account the distance of material movement and final layout. The area on CV. Madu Apiari Mutiara is 100 m2, the total area requirement is 70.48 m2. There are 3 alternative layouts in the BLOCPLAN method, the proposed layout chosen is based on the R-Score value which is close to 1, namely the 2nd layout with a material movement distance efficiency of 8.1 meters or 20.9%.

Living in a Condominium Regime: Neighborhood Conflicts in Low-Income Housing, Tijuana, Baja California – A Secondary Publication

This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime, under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired. This regime has facilitated access to housing for the salaried population, but it is far from contributing to the attainment of the right to housing. The research takes as case studies housing complexes located in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The analysis included a mixed methodology. Firstly, similar case studies were analyzed; secondly, a review of the Condominium Property Regime Law was carried out in order to understand its implications. In view of the pandemic situation, a virtual survey was applied to the inhabitants of these areas, as well as interviews with presidents of neighborhood committees of these complexes. From the above, it was found that this form of ownership generates conflicts, reflected in the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with their housing, disagreements and controversies in their organization and coexistence. The inhabitants have to collectively solve the problems they face, related to the maintenance and use of common areas, insecurity, and cleanliness, among others. In addition, there is a lack of support from local authorities. With this, it is concluded that although the inhabitants have a space that solves their housing problem, it does not manage to be a space that adequately guarantees their right to housing.

City growth and its impact on residential problems: A case study in the city of Jakarta

This study aims to examine housing and settlement problems, especially in the Jakarta area as a result of population growth which has caused a very large population by identifying the number of housing needs and housing deficits. This study takes the object of the city of Jakarta as a case study and focuses on the housing sector which includes 2731 residential neighborhoods (RW) where the city occupies an area of 664.01 km2. Studies show the cause of the problem is caused by relatively stable city growth with a growth rate of around 1% over the past 20 years, which is reflected in the number of families, which amount to 3,627,111 families, with a housing density of 5462 families/km2, living in 2,242,163 housing units. The findings show that another cause is the spread of slum settlements in the city, which total 445 RWs, which means 16.30% of the total RWs. The results of the research show that so far, the problem has not been resolved.

Potensi Pemberdayaan Tanah Wakaf dalam Penyelenggaraan Perumahan

Housing problems are an issue that always arises, especially in developing countries. The high demand is not proportional to the supply and ability to provide decent housing. In Indonesia there are around 800 thousand new households every year that need decent housing, while the housing backlog is still at 12-15 million. This article discusses the potential utilization of waqf land for housing provision. This article was written based on literature study. The findings in this article are, there is great potential for utilizing waqf land in Indonesia. First, the number of waqf land in Indonesia is spread across 440,512 locations with an area of 57,263.69 hectares. Second, most of the use of waqf land is still consumptive. The presence of the government to make waqf land more productive is very important and highly anticipated.