Housing Patterns Research Articles

Spatial Distribution of Public Housing and Urban Socio-Spatial Inequalities: An Exploratory Analysis of the Valencia Case

The urban spatial distribution of public housing is not a widely addressed issue in Spain, from a geographical perspective. This paper analyses the spatial distribution of public housing in the city of Valencia (Spain), as well as to identify its relationship with other socio-residential characteristics of the urban environment. Different techniques of spatial point pattern analysis, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and clustering methods are implemented. We analyse both the univariate spatial patterns of public housing and its relationship with two variables: a low-income population and median monthly rent. Analysis has revealed that public housing follows a pattern of partial agglomeration and mostly peripheral dispersion in its spatial distribution. However, there does not seem to be a univocal and immanent relationship between such distribution patterns and the characteristics of the socio-residential environment. Conversely, it is possible to point to the existence of multiple local forms of association. The lack of a clear pattern may be due to many reasons: the heterogeneity of profiles eligible for public housing, the size of the projects and the spatial dispersion in their location.

Anticipating Climate-Related Changes to Residential Energy Burden in the United States: Advance Planning for Equity and Resilience

Access to high-quality infrastructure such as housing and energy supply can enhance access to opportunities and protection from harm, including through resilience to climate and weather hazards. Climate change poses new and dynamic challenges for infrastructural adequacy, compounding challenges of existing long-term underinvestment. In the United States, historical infrastructural choices such as redlining have substantially contributed to the structural marginalization and intergenerational wealth disparities experienced today by Black, Latinx, and other groups. This marginalization manifests in part as social vulnerability to disproportionate infrastructural and other hazards, which, without active intervention, is likely to continue to increase as climate change progresses. Adaptation to climate change will require a massive mobilization of resources for new and enhanced infrastructures. Future infrastructural investments must not repeat or mirror the unjust patterns of the past, nor facilitate their continuation through patterns such as reactive investments made based on financial value. In this commentary, we argue that the effects of climate change on future equity and resilience are particularly salient in the context of existing disparities in residential energy burden, specifically related to the way that future energy and housing system choices could worsen these disparities without explicit effort. We describe the intersection of two major anticipated climate-driven changes: (1) climate migration, which is expected to disrupt communities and change patterns of housing and energy needs; and (2) energy burden, which is expected to be exacerbated both by climate change itself (e.g., through higher temperatures) and by interactions among mitigation strategies (e.g., electrification in colder climates receiving low wealth climate migrants). Anticipating climate migration and shifting residential energy needs could facilitate a more just energy transition, focused on avoiding locking in extreme energy burdens and protecting people from extreme temperature events. Preemptive planning and targeted infrastructural investments can enable just transitions and community resilience.

Investigating architectural patterns of Kashan traditional houses in the design of Aghabozorg mosque-school

Investigating architectural patterns of Kashan traditional houses in the design of Aghabozorg mosque-school

Revisiting recent findings on gated communities and racial homogeneity

This paper seeks to determine the propensity of racial minorities to live in gated communities. A recent study by Plaut in this journal finds that nonwhites are more likely to live in gated communities than whites for both renters and homeowners. Such a finding would indicate a major change in housing patterns. I replicate and build upon her study by including multiple years of data, disaggregating the nonwhite variable into its important racial components, and then interacting race with specific housing type (multi-family units vs. single family units). I find that her potentially innovative results are statistical artifacts. For homeowners, the results generally indicate that nonwhite individuals are not more likely to own a home in a gated community, especially for single family detached units. At best, they are no more or no less likely than white residents to own a home in a gated community. Minority renters are sometimes more likely to indicate that they live in a gated community, but generally only for multi-family rental units. Differences between African American and Latino gating patterns are also discussed.

Building Pattern Technique of an Indigenous Community – Does Its Appearances a Distinctive Representation?

Bangladesh is enriched with beautiful traditional indigenous cultures. Different indigenous peoples with their distinctive existences also considerably create an enhance values and lifestyles to the socio-cultural sectors of Bangladesh [1]. Habitually, these indigenous communities have been comparable to live a large combined family to shear their lifestyles [2]. Presently the country has 45 indigenous communities who are living in different locations. All indigenous people within this country have their own style to build their settlements with special techniques to keep them safe and sound from all types of natural and environmental vulnerabilities and also enhance their knowledge of construction techniques and lifestyle. Rakhain is one of them with very small number of people are still living in different regions within the country which have their own system of building techniques. Study found that for several hundreds of years Rakhains are strictly following their indigenous prescription of house and settlement pattern. Although like other indigenous people of this country, they have mountains of problems, such as forced land occupation, lack of security and minority characteristics. Above all, forced political separation has gradually drowned them in the abysmal pit of marginal destiny. This has turned them into exiles in their own land. As a result, many of them are being forced to leave the country and as a result they misplaced their native knowledge and technique to construct. Thus, this study will initially focus on to search for the distinctiveness of their settlement pattern and building construction techniques and lifestyle. Again, in view of their problems, knowledge and experiences concerning archetype, built and house pattern, this study will finally explain how Rakhains accumulate their every distinctiveness from history and for present and future invention.

The effect of the furniture industry towards the layout pattern of business house space in the Jorongan Village, Probolinggo

Jorongan Village is as an area designated as the Furniture Industry Center of Probolingggo Regency, thereby leading to changes in some houses functionality from residential to business. This certainly changes the internal and external layout of the houses used for furniture business. The purpose of this research is to identify the spatial layout pattern of business houses in the furniture industrial center area of Probolinggo Regency. This research was carried out with the behavior mapping approach used to describe the existing space in each furniture business house. Therefore, based on the analysis results, there are four patterns of business function space layout, the first, second, and third are located at the front, side and partially inside the building, while the other part is located in the side. Furthermore, the pattern with part of the business function space is located inside the building, and partly outside the front and side of the house. The result showed that three houses had irregular patterns with different layouts from other businesses.

The Effect of Traditional House Patterns on Changing Privacy Treatments: Traditional Houses in the City of Sulaymaniyah, a Case Study

Ancient architecture until the present time. The models of traditional houses in the cities built by Muslims were among the clear examples of the response to this factor, and aspects of privacy may have had a fundamental role in forming their identity and known architectural form, and from here. The problem of this research was to know how traditional houses in the city of Sulaymaniyah, which have a special architectural style and character, respond to the problem of privacy, and do their distinct building styles have an impact on how they deal with the privacy factor? Aiming to know the extent to which the architectural elements used to provide privacy in Sulaymaniyah homes match their previous counterparts in other Islamic cities, the research assumed that privacy treatments in traditional homes in the city of Sulaymaniyah differ from their counterparts, influenced by the distinctive style of traditional homes in the city of Sulaymaniyah. The research concluded that the traditional residential floor patterns common in the city of Sulaymaniyah have clearly influenced the change in the mechanisms of dealing with elements that were previously found to provide visual privacy. It varied between eliminating or reducing some of them to increasing the percentage of some of them, and the emergence of new, innovative models that were not present in similar traditional homes in the region and in the rest of the Islamic cities.

Water Shutoffs During COVID-19 and Black Lives: Case Study Detroit

The present water shutoff crisis in Detroit, which has deepened with the spread of COVID-19, exists within an historical context of decades-old government-sanctioned racial residential segregation policies that continue today. This includes the decrease in black homeownership and wealth, integration, and democratically elected governance. Information collected by local grassroots organizations, Detroit newspaper reports, and academic research, specific to the metropolitan area, reveal the inter-relationships among banking/housing industries, water access, and government policies. The result has been diversions of taxpayer money away from affordable housing, home loans, and public services (i.e., water). Instead, public resources are distributed to support those in powerful political and economic positions. Although water has not been formally privatized, we argue that a system of commodification exists, which taxes/fines the impoverished black population of the City of Detroit, but provides free and/or reduced water rates to the elites and largely white suburban population. The immediate actions required are reconnecting household water, providing affordable housing, redirecting taxpayer funds to the benefit of the public good, and government transparency and accountability. Collaborative networks of local environmental organizations, including mostly black participants, are leading the public opposition to these policies and directly link water shutoffs to public health. We suggest that future research efforts focus on work that increases the public awareness of the systemic linkages among water shutoffs, public health, racist social structures, housing patterns, and government policies. Continued active democratic participation of community residents must be a priority in future research and organizing activities.

Present Prioritize parts of housing Pattern based on Inhabitants' lifestyle, Case Study: Organizational Housing of Young personnel of the Armed Forces

Present Prioritize parts of housing Pattern based on Inhabitants' lifestyle, Case Study: Organizational Housing of Young personnel of the Armed Forces

The Rural Texture of Azghad Village: Historical Context of Collective Housing

The current study aims to contextualise cohousing with a focus on analysing a traditional rural settlement in Iran. Azghad is a historical village located in Iran, which has been developed throughout centuries based on strong social and environmental systems. The research uses field studies in the form of observing the environment of Azghad village, initial and natural explanation of housing pattern and interviews with local people with a qualitative research approach and documentary studies examines the physical characteristics of this rural community. Through investigating the physical pattern of the village in the area under study, the elements of the social–physical system which form the residential type of the village were extracted. The comparison of the social and physical system of the residential fabric of the Azghad and its residential neighbourhoods showed that the residential pattern of Azghad could be introduced as an example of a collective housing model. The rural housing type is an example of a collective housing style that has been formed over time based on the shared values of residents and the activities they wanted to do collectively.

An Analysis of the Plan and Facade Typologies of Boyabat’s Traditional Turkish Houses

This study examines the traditional housing culture of a town in northern Turkey. We aimed to determine the characteristics of traditional Boyabat houses. The Çay District, which was chosen as a case study, is the core of the housing pattern of Boyabat. This study analyzed the features, plan and facade types of these houses in order to produce a table of their plan and facade typology. Documenting the vernacular architecture of Boyabat will assist the conservation of the settlement’s traditional texture. This data can also serve as a guide for the local municipality’s site management projects and be passed on to future generations.

A Critical and Extensive Review of the Historical Rise and the Contemporary Resurgence of Interest in Positivism in Geography

The positivist methods of explaining geographical phenomena enjoyed prominence and revolutionized the methods of geographical research up to the 1950s where the criticisms were largely that the methods cannot account for any role in human geography and the subsequent rise of humanism as an alternative mode of explanation. These critiques and the introduction of many concepts in humanism inadvertently slowed down the progress in seeking for acceptable scientific methods to explain human experiences in geographical research. These criticisms in the 1980s and 90s reduced the popularity and application of the quantitative methodologies which were powerful research techniques in human geography. Geography by its nature is a dual discipline with one half on physical and the other on human geography. Human geographers have used quantitative methodologies to study a multitude of topics including demographics, migration, housing and settlement patterns and ethnic segregation. Human activities like migration, journey to work, retail capital patronage, have adopted some element of scientific laws and models have been focused on transportation, migration, settlement development, innovation diffusion, population growth and distribution, urban land use etc. The shortcomings of the philosophy of humanism have not provided a good alternative in explaining geographical phenomenon and has over time become the gains of the positivist school of thought. The resurgence in the interest in positivism as a tool for explanation of geographical phenomena bores down from the fact that the humanistic methods is laced with subjectivity, the language of discourse is abstract and difficult to comprehend while the logical sequence of the positivist methods make the approach real and achievable.

The Airbnb effect on areas subject to urban renewal in Valencia (Spain)

Purpose In the past decade, urban tourism has increased worldwide as a result of the development of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation platforms such as Airbnb, causing a major disruption to the tourism industry and urban space. The expansion of tourist accommodation in cities has motivated many governments to act, to control its effects and reduce conflicts between tourists and residents. The purpose of this paper is to identify the attractions that have motivated the concentration of P2P accommodation and its effects in specific areas of Valencia different from the historical centre: the Russafa and El Cabanyal-Canyamelar neighbourhoods. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used includes fieldwork and spatial analysis of factors such as the housing market, tourist attractions, local businesses and urban renewal policies. Findings The current spatial distribution pattern of tourist housing in Valencia is the result of the convergence of various factors: the initial presence of tourists in some areas; the evolution of certain aspects of the neighbourhood due to urban renewal; the concentration of tourist and leisure activities; the effects of the legal framework Originality/value Many researchers have addressed the effects of rising short-term rentals (STRs) in cities, but the causes of their concentration in specific neighbourhoods different from historical centres have not yet been sufficiently investigated. This research looks in depth at the urban causes and effects of the spatial distribution of tourist housing in Valencia, to anticipate possible future concentrations of STRs in other areas and to avoid gentrification. The methodology and results could be applied to other cities. The research implies a detailed and analysis of different aspects that act simultaneously such as the housing market, the evolution of the population and changes in the business.

Study on the deviation and ratio of spatial arrangement patterns in housing and city development to achieve sustainable urban form in Indonesia: Introduction of observations and calculations by space syntax

This paper aims to discuss and summarise research that has been conducted to provide an understanding of the development of spatial patterns of houses, housing, and the city master plan in Indonesia through the space syntax approach. The development of the house and the city essentially follows a basic pattern. This study provides an overview and understanding of the method of development of patterns by a study of deviations and ratios from an earlier pattern. Various approaches are taken to find the development of these structured patterns, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data is collected using city master plans that are digitalised and analysed using Depth Map software. This study is a comprehensive study that has been carried out that supports sustainable urban forms. The study was conducted on Javanese houses, HBEs settlements, kampongs and three colonial cities in Indonesia. It found an understanding of the development of patterns, deviations, and similarities with previous spatial patterns. The results of this study are expected to guide housing designers, housing developers, urban planners and urban development policymakers to achieve a sustainable urban form.

Megalithic culture at the Suco Lor site Bondowoso

This research examines the megalithic culture at the Suco Lor Site, Bondowoso. The research objectives were: (i) to make an inventory of the number of archaeological remains of megalithic culture in the Suco Lor Site; (ii) analyzing the distribution, types, and functions of the archaeological remains of megalithic culture; (iii) reconstructing a picture of the religious, social and economic life of the supporting megalithic community. The research design used a historical research design with a cultural archeology approach. Primary data were collected using field survey techniques; Secondary data were collected using interview techniques and documentary techniques. The interpretation of the data was carried out hermeneutically using form analysis techniques, context analysis, comparisons, and ethnoarcheological analogies. The results of the study are as follows. First, the number of megalithic cultural archaeological remains at the Suco Lor Site is 241 with a typology consisting of 11 types. Second, there are two kinds of distribution patterns (group close together and single distribution). Third, the megalithic community in the Suco Lor Site has recognized religion which is oriented towards the cult of ancestors. Their social life has recognized the pattern of permanent housing in complex social life arrangements, which are also egalitarian in character. They are familiar with and master various technologies (pottery making, stone mining, and carving) and are thought to have been able to utilize metal technology. The subsistence pattern relies on agriculture as the main subsistence, as well as mixing food, trade and (presumably) livestock as supporting subsistence.

Research on The Relationship between Residential Space Pattern and Traditional Culture based on Space Syntax: Taking Kejia House as an Example

This article uses the space syntax theory to analyze the space diagram of the typical traditional houses and houses in Southeast Hubei, and discusses the characteristics of the spatial pattern of the traditional houses. Using Depthmap software to analyze the spatial pattern of traditional dwellings, and calculating data indicators of integration, connectivity, and integration of horizons. Through analyzing the characteristics of spatial pattern, it reflects the characteristics of moral concepts, clan concepts, and living habits in Southeast Hubei.

Megalithic Culture at the Maskuning Kulon Site Pujer Bondowoso

This study examines the megalithic culture at the MaskuningKulon Site, Bondowoso. This site is one of the megalithic sites located in MaskuningKulon Village, Pujer District, Bondowoso Regency. The research objectives were: (i) to make an inventory of the number of archaeological remains of megalithic culture at the Maskuning Kulon Site; (ii) analyzing the distribution, types and functions of the archaeological remains of the megalithic culture; (iii) reconstructing a picture of the religious life/belief system, social, and economy of the supporting communities. This research design uses historical research design with cultural archeology approach. Primary data were collected using field survey techniques; Secondary data were collected using interview techniques and documentary techniques. The interpretation of the data was carried out hermeneutically using form analysis techniques, context analysis, comparisons, and ethnoarchaeological analogies. The results of the study are as follows. First, the total number of megalithic cultural archaeological remains found at the MaskuningKulon Site is 58. Second, there are two kinds of distribution patterns (group close together and single distribution). Typology consists of 1 type. Third, the megalithic community at the Maskuning Kulon site has recognized religion which is oriented towards ancestor worship.Their social life is confirmed to have recognized the pattern of permanent housing in complex social life arrangements: differentiated and stratified, as well as egalitarian in character. They already know and master the technique of making pottery. The subsistence pattern relies on agriculture as the main subsistence, as well as gathering food, trade and it is suspected that agriculture is the supporting subsidence.

Traditional Concept Toward The Sustainable Built Design in Bali

The spatial patterns of traditional Balinese houses in both Bali Apanaga for the urban area and Bali Apanaga for the traditional village in Bali, have concepts which both always adapt to nature. The composition of buildings, the concept of structure and construction, and outdoor spaces with traditional landscapes have the goal of being environmentally friendly while maintaining comfort for its residents, regulating the flow of air entering the room, and adjusting lighting according to its function, and acoustic function that can be found in outdoor of the housing. The research aims to explore the traditional concept that uses in both urban and traditional areas in Bali to maintain the quality of life toward sustainable built design and environment. The method of this research conducted qualitative research with a case study through observation in two different areas as a comparison to the sustainability of the traditional concept of built design, especially for housing. The depth literature review was used to gain an understanding of the quality of the environment, to deepen the understanding of Balinese traditional concept of housing and understanding of the differentiation between Bali Apanaga and Bali Aga and its characteristics. The research result shows that there is a similarity between traditional concepts in two different areas that adaptable for future sustainable built design.

The Relationship between the Servant Spaces and the Served Spaces in Single Families Residential Patterns: Baghdad as a Case Study

Servant and Served spaces is a concept used in Architectural theory and planning; Servant space represents those spaces that connect, frame and enable the served spaces to perform its functions. Servant Spaces could be a circulation space (a stair, a corridor), a storage, a bathroom, a mechanical room, or any auxiliary space. In this research, we tried to study the relationship between the servant spaces and the served spaces in different types of Baghdadi house plans based on temporal division through a period of 120 years, started from the beginning of the 20th century till now. Research goals are: to address the role of this relationship in organizing the plan of the house in Baghdad city for the above mentioned period, to find the different types of the relationship between the Servant spaces and the Served spaces, and how it had been changed through time. Depending on a descriptive, analytic, and logical reasoning methodology. The research had examined four patterns of houses which represent the main shifts in Baghdadi house plans. The research found that the placement and utility of the Servant and Served spaces is one of the main factors that give each pattern its characteristics, so the served spaces achieve beauty all their own.

Indoor Thermal Environment and Occupant’s Living Pattern of Traditional Timber Houses in Tropics

Traditional timber houses in tropics have specific environmental characteristics that evolved considering material constraints, local construction technology and climate. To provide occupants with the necessary comfort, these naturally ventilated houses adopted several passive design strategies. Moreover, occupants have unique living patterns which may have contributed towards achieving indoor thermal comfort. However, scientific knowledge regarding these issues is still limited. Therefore, considering traditional timber houses of Bangladesh as sample cases, this study aims to investigate existing relationship between an indoor thermal environment and an occupant’s living pattern within these tropical houses. Physical measurement of thermal parameters and questionnaire surveys followed by personal observations were conducted. Findings show that indoor air temperature (AT °C) fluctuates readily with that outdoors without a timelag resulting in daytime overheating. The occupant’s daytime thermal sensation is mostly slightly warm to hot. Semi-open and outdoor shaded spaces become a way to cope with the daytime overheating period. Occupants frequently use indoor spaces during the night when thermal sensation ranges between neutral to slightly cool. Finally, from the findings an interpretational graph has been developed relating indoor thermal environment with occupant’s living pattern within a traditional timber house. Findings will contribute to professionals and policy-makers developing architectural design strategies that may impact the occupant’s well-being in future.