Housing Patterns Research Articles

Are cyclical patterns of international housing markets interdependent?

This paper investigates the relationships among the US, UK, and Canadian housing markets from two aspects: the driving forces of housing cycles and the structures of correlation coefficients in different phases of housing cycles. The results indicate that the structures of driving forces and correlation coefficients are deeply hinged on the international housing markets. For the US and Canada pair, the driving forces of cyclical patterns are related to each other and the regime-switching correlation coefficients are always positive. However, for the US and UK pair and the UK and Canada pair, the driving forces are independent and there is no consistent pattern for the correlations.

Kajian Pola Sebaran Ruko yang Beralih Fungsi menjadi Kos-Kosan di Sekitar Kampus

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that caused the shophouse to switch to a boarding house for the potential elements of the UMN region, to know the pattern of distribution of functions of shophouses to boarding houses around the campus with a case study of boarding houses around UMN, and to find out the factors causing the distribution pattern of shop houses that switch functions to boarding houses with a case study of boarding houses around UMN. Nowadays, the spread of shop houses that change functions into boarding houses, especially around the center of activity. However, if the distribution of shophouses that change functions as a boarding house is not regulated so that it will cause the growth of wild function changes and spread to other areas causing disruption to regional land use. This study takes the title "Study of Distribution Patterns of Shophouse that Turns Function into Boarding Houses around Campus, Case Study: Shophouses around UMN Gading Serpong Campus." This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative research methods with case study research. Data collection for this study was carried out using observation, interviews, documentation, focus group discussions and also triangulation. Source of data used comes from primary data obtained directly from observations in the field and secondary data used as supplementary or comparative data. This research was conducted in March to July 2019 at a predetermined research location, namely a shop in an area with a radius of 800m from UMN. This research is focused by using the urban theories of Hamid Shirvani and Markus Zahn as a mapping tool to read the elements of the region to get results in the form of factors that cause the change of shophouse functions into a boarding house to the potential of the area, the pattern of distribution and changes in buildings (especially in terms of space and facade) shophouses that switch functions to boarding houses around the campus as centers of activity by using case study of boarding houses around UMN. The conclusion obtained contains the factors that the function of the shop-house change into a boarding house for the potential of the area, the distribution pattern of the boarding houses around UMN, as well as the distribution pattern factors.

The Political Heritage of Textile Districts: Shanghai and Mumbai

This article examines the evolution of mill districts in Shanghai and Mumbai across the 20th century as cases of political heritage—in which the socio-spatial formations of factory and neighbourhood produced new meanings of citizenship for the workers in each city. Using historical materials from the textile industry in each city, government reports, housing data, and secondary sources, this article first traces the origins of Shanghai’s textile industry in the 19th century to its connections with Bombay’s textile mills, then examines the emergence of working-class neighbourhoods as they acquired distinctive patterns of tenement housing, shopfronts, and street life. The main finding is that despite clear differences in the two cities in terms of religion, culture, and politics, the ‘mill district’ became a socio-cultural formation central to the identity and memory of generations of textile workers in Shanghai and Mumbai. A concluding section examines the similar process in each city in the 21st century in which mill compounds and neighbourhoods were converted into high-end commercial real estate and sites for consumption and leisure.

DESIGN PATTERNS FOR MIDDLE-INCOME CONTEMPORARY DWELLINGS IN IBB CITY- YEMEN

As a result of the great changes witnessed in Yemen in general and the city of Ibb especially since the establishment of Yemeni unity in from 1990 to 2018, from the economic, political, social, cultural and intellectual aspects, due to the migration from the rural to the urban area and the resulting increase in the need for housing construction, and in the absence of laws, legislation and awareness community, in Ibb city emerged New design patterns in residential buildings for middle-income people due to those changes.This paper studies the changes in design patterns of residential buildings in Ibb and monitored them to benefit from them in the modern housing sector by the cultural and economic structure of society and meet the new and contemporary functional needs of the population. The paper adopts the descriptive documentary approach to track residential patterns in traditional and modern housing before and after the revolution of 26 September 1962 until the end of the twentieth century, and then conducting a field study of the contemporary residential buildings for middle - income people in Ibb and extracting the changes that occurred in the design patterns of the housing units of this category. The research found that there are four design patterns for residential buildings in the city of Ibb, they are results of the economic level of the population and cultural, functional and social disparities, which contributes to the assimilation of housing-related institutions and architects of the changes in design patterns of buildings Which were produced by economic, cultural, intellectual and political changes, which in turn contribute to the improvement of the residential environment of this category, by responding effectively to the trends of the population and their potential in order to meet their housing needs, The paper concludes with a set of findings and recommendations that contribute to the production of housing that meets the needs of middle-income population category, linked to the past related to the present and future and appropriate to the reality of the population and their potential and trends.

The Implementation of Bali Aga Houses and Settlements’ Concept on Modern Houses and Settlements in Denpasar City

Denpasar as the capital city of Bali is facing high population growth each year from urbanization. One impact of this phenomena is decreasing the land provision for settlement. The growth of new settlements in Denpasar city currently featured a different character from the Balinese Traditional Houses of Bali Apanaga (BAP) in general, both from their forms and appearances; spatial patterns; materials and ornaments used. Contemporary houses in Denpasar are considered as a form of violation from traditional concepts and neglecting local identity. This paper investigates the ideas that are being used in modern houses and settlements in Denpasar today. A case study method was applied to several settlements in Denpasar using a qualitative approach for data analysis. Furthermore, reviews of the significant modern concepts were compared to the idea of BAP and Bali Aga (BA). The results show that significant concepts of forms, as well as the spatial patterns of BA houses and settlement houses which represent Balinese indigenous houses, have been more adopted by well-designed modern houses and settlements in Denpasar than the concept of BAP.

The Impact of Social Disparities on Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water Supply in Ugu District Municipality of Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa.

This study was undertaken to highlight the social disparity between rural and urban areas in terms of housing patterns, provision of safe drinking water, access to sanitation facilities, education, employment rate and health-related to diarrhoeal episodes in Ugu District Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. To achieve this aim, a survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Drinking water samples were collected from the point of supply and the storage containers to assess the microbiological quality of drinking water in both rural and urban areas. Results of this study revealed prominent residential segregation between rural and urban communities, whereby the houses in the rural areas were generally constructed with corrugated iron sheets, or mud brick and mortar whereas conventional brick-and-mortar construction was used to build those in the urban areas. All of the urban households had flush toilets in their houses (100%), while 98.2% of the rural households were relying on pit latrines and 1.8% were reported to defecate in an open field. The District unemployment rate was at 58.1% in rural areas and none among the urban community. Results also showed that only 13.6% of the rural dwellers completed their secondary education compared to 70.4% of the urban areas. The diarrhoeal episodes were high in rural areas (34.1%) while none of these episodes was reported in urban areas. Great disparity in the water supply persists between rural and urban communities. For the former, the standpipes located outside their homes (90.9%) remain the sole mode of access to drinking water, while in the urban area, all households had pipes/taps inside their houses. Assessment of the drinking water quality revealed only the stored drinking water used by the rural community of Ugu District was contaminated. High prevalence of E. coli ranging from 63.3 % to 66.7% was recorded only in stored water after the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Species-specific PCR primers exposed the presence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli at a rate ranging between 1.4% and 3.7% in this water Overall, this study has been able to highlight the disparity left by the legacy of racial segregation in the Ugu Municipality District. Therefore, the local government must intervene in educating homeowners on safe water storage practices.

Demographic Changes and Characteristics of the Housing Supply in Korea

Purpose: This study aims to predict the impact that rapid demographic changes will have on the housing market in Korea if current trends in population, household size, and supply continue. Design/Methodology/Approach: Two hypotheses concerning the housing oversupply were formulated. Estimates of population, households, and housing are done using time-series analysis with ARIMA modelling. The determination of household-housing size distribution was analyzed by quantile regression model. Findings: The results indicate that there will be 612.7 houses per thousand people in Korea by 2045 and that the housing supply ratio will reach 140.2%. Furthermore, evidence suggests that there will be an oversupply of medium-to-large-sized dwellings. If current demographic and housing patterns continue, there could be devastating consequences. Practical Implications: This study urges awareness about the present shifts in population and household size and suggests that resultant changes in housing supply patterns are inevitable. Moreover, by presenting empirical figures, these findings could also lead to the implementation of concrete policies. Originality/Value: The study suggests that the continuation of current patterns may lead to serious problems, especially considering the fact that these population changes not only affect Korea but all countries that underwent rapid industrialization. Therefore, this study provides a good source of insight for other countries that are experiencing similar phenomena in Korea’s wake, and it may help prepare them to address these issues.

We will never have the kind of schools we would like to have, nor the test scores we want, unless we do something about ______[Part 1

In this article, the first of a two-part presentation, the author advocates for healthy communities, families, and schools, as well as for changes in housing patterns. Part Two will appear in the October 2019 issue of the Record.

New housing patterns and spatial fragmentation in Gulf cities

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the rapid growth of Gulf cities has led to a transformation of local settlement structures. The key objective of this paper is to deliver an overview of new housing patterns and how they impact spatial fragmentation. To identify the spatial distribution of new housing typologies and to explore the recent transformation of urban fabrics, GIS analyses were carried out and Space Syntax models were developed in the case of Qatar’s capital, Doha. This is coupled with an analysis of the travel routes of 130 residents which were assessed to investigate key aspects related to fragmentation. The outcomes include both new insights into the understanding of urban development tendencies in Gulf cities and the introduction of a methodological approach to establish responsive strategies in fast-growing and car-dependent cities.

The Impact of Environmental Factors on Housing Prices: A Case Study of Taipei Housing Transactions

Most research on housing price modeling only utilizes a single environmental factor. The goals of this paper are to select the appropriate factors and to identify the influencing patterns for 3 major types of real estates through model building that includes 49 housing factors. The datasets were composed by 33,027 transactions in Taipei City from July 2013 to the end of 2016. The models utilized were Decision Tree (DT), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Model Tree (MT), and Multiple Regression (MR). The importance of each factor derived from the above 5 models is thus analyzed and ranked for the 3 housing types. Also, this paper adopts Generalized Additive Models (GAM) to derive the patterns of important factors influencing housing prices that includes increasing, decreasing, and non-linear relationships.

Factors influencing university students' accommodation choices: risk perception, safety, and vulnerability

The mitigation of human and societal losses is among the guiding principles of the United Nations’ Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, but their implementation requires actions to address the needs of vulnerable categories. Higher education’s students can be considered in this perspective, due to their tendency to live in modest and inexpensive accommodation, without being necessarily integrated in the local community and its safety networks. Despite student’s mobility and housing patterns have been studied consistently, the implications of their choices and risk perceptions remain a marginal topic in the scientific debate on disaster reduction. In this paper, we investigate which factors influence students’ decision to rent an accommodation, focusing on understanding their risk perception and safety awareness. The research analyses a case study in Central Italy, where we surveyed 338 students of the University of Ancona. Our results highlight that safety is not the paramount factor influencing students’ choice for an accommodation and that not all the students were able to define the risk level of the city they live in. Instead, we show that students considered the rent as the most important factor influencing their choices, followed by the proximity of the accommodation to services. Our conclusions suggest that decision makers should integrate vulnerability reduction strategies on student housing plans to meet the target of proposed by the Sendai Framework, promoting actions at complementary levels on education, training and awareness. Finally, we propose that those elements should be better investigated in future researches.

Housing: an infrastructure of care

In this article, we conceptualize housing as an infrastructure of care. Drawing on the recent infrastructural turn in social sciences we understand infrastructures as dynamic patterns that are the foundation of social organization. New infrastructural analyses attend to how infrastructures pattern social life and identify the values that are selectively coded into infrastructures, (re)producing social difference through use. We argue that housing patterns care across three domains: through housing materialities, markets and governance. First, we identify how housing patterns the organization of care at a household and social scale. Second, we attend to the relational politics of care through housing, asking how care is ordered through housing and to whose benefit. Third, we consider where and how care is located in housing. This third direction opens a substantively new approach in housing scholarship, identifying housing as a sociomaterial assemblage that is constitutive of care. We provoke housing researchers to ask: is this a housing system that cares?

The role of tacit knowledge in the formation and continuation of architectural patterns case study: garden-houses of Meybud, Iran

Human has a dimension of knowledge named the tacit knowledge that the main important part of it is obtained through experience and direct connection with phenomena over time that turns into a pattern. Based on knowledge and intelligent use of it, the garden-house pattern appears to have an unbreakable bond with the nature and the understanding of both social and cultural rules of users. The research questions at first place discuss the role of tacit knowledge in shaping the architecture of garden-houses of Meybud and how this knowledge has appeared in architecture of garden-houses of Meybud. Qualitative research method and data collection method relies on library studies and field research. The results indicate that the patterns of housing in Meybud have shaped based on the recognition of two components of environment (the climate and natural context) and human (social norms), understanding of these two and applying them. The tacit knowledge and reliance on experiences is very influential and the garden-house pattern is institutionalized as the most sustainable pattern of architecture.

PERSONAL DOMINATION ON PUBLIC REALM IN NEW URBAN COMMUNITIES CASE STUDY “NEW CAIRO CITY”

The new urban communities are witnessing some changes in the form of the landlords’ domination over public realm of the community. This is clearly seen through the phenomena of transforming the separate standalone villas into gated communities. The transformation is done by taking control of the surrounding streets, building fences, and controlled entry gates with appointed security personnel.Through this study several points have been examined such as: the changes (transformations) in housing pattern within New Cairo city from separate villas into a closed gated community as a result of the landlords’ domination over the public sectors, the effect of these changes on the social and economic shape of New Cairo city. The study also considered the advantages and disadvantages of such changes (from a resident’s perspective) and the level of acceptance and approval for its existence.The Study relied on two aspects: a theoretical aspect exploring the development of new urban communities in Egypt, its fundamental housing patterns, the main purpose of its construction and understanding the definition of a gated community. The practical aspect of this study is an analytical study for some of the transformed housing patterns utilizing observation, interview and questioner for information collection.The study concludes by highlighting the effects and implications of the resident’s intervention on the new urban community.

A Multilevel Model Approach for Assessing the Effects of House and Neighborhood Characteristics on Housing Vacancy: A Case of Daegu, South Korea

Previous studies on housing vacancy mostly focused on variables representing regional characteristics while overlooking the characteristics of individual houses. This is due to the limitations of available data. Using the house-level Housing Vacancy Database, this study aims to identify the spatial clustering pattern of vacant houses by examining single-family houses in Daegu, South Korea, and analyze the factors affecting housing vacancy. The Housing Vacancy Database built in this study provides accurate location information of vacant houses, making it possible to analyze the clustering pattern of vacant houses in a more detailed spatial unit. Furthermore, the Housing Vacancy Database considered various physical and neighborhood factors at the house level. The result of hot spot analysis showed that vacant houses were spatially concentrated in the city center. As a result of analyzing the factors affecting housing vacancy at the house level and neighborhood level using a multilevel model, it was found that the physical environment characteristics of individual houses were key factors affecting housing vacancy. Additionally, the probability of housing vacancy tended to increase when the land prices were higher, the houses were located in redevelopment zones, and there were more neighboring vacant houses nearby. Meanwhile, population decline and the ratio of old houses were the only significant variables at the neighborhood level. Thus, this study addresses that policies are needed to improve housing and physical environment characteristics that contribute to housing vacancy.

Environmental Issues and the Resulting Cultural Changes – A Study in the Hilly Tribal Ecosystem

Tribal communities have deep connection to environment because they have a greater dependency on natural resources. When the natural environment is altered, it disproportionately affects the tribal life. Overburdened with the environmental issues, they have problem of change in culture and further facing lot of health hazards. Hence, the present study was taken up to document the cultural changes occurring due to the changes in natural environment and to identify the probable causes of factors responsible for each issue. For documentation of the issues, the Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu was selected considering the highest proportion of tribal population in the district. Ex-post facto research design was used. Totally there were seven major cultural changes have been identified viz., changes in the regular food habits, changes in the health management practices, changes in the dressing pattern, remarkable changes in the celebration of family festivals and ceremonies, changes in the housing pattern, disappearance of traditional utensils and changes in the water use tradition. For the above identified cultural changes, probable responsible factors were also identified and ranked by employing Garrett ranking method.

The relative influence of climate and housing development on current and projected future fire patterns and structure loss across three California landscapes

Climate and land use patterns are expected to change dramatically in the coming century, raising concern about their effects on wildfire patterns and subsequent impacts to human communities. The relative influence of climate versus land use on fires and their impacts, however, remains unclear, particularly given the substantial geographical variability in fire-prone places like California. We developed a modeling framework to compare the importance of climatic and human variables for explaining fire patterns and structure loss for three diverse California landscapes, then projected future large fire and structure loss probability under two different climate (hot-dry or warm-wet) and two different land use (rural or urban residential growth) scenarios. The relative importance of climate and housing pattern varied across regions and according to fire size or whether the model was for large fires or structure loss. The differing strengths of these relationships, in addition to differences in the nature and magnitude of projected climate or land use change, dictated the extent to which large fires or structure loss were projected to change in the future. Despite this variability, housing and human infrastructure were consistently more responsible for explaining fire ignitions and structure loss probability, whereas climate, topography, and fuel variables were more important for explaining large fire patterns. For all study areas, most structure loss occurred in areas with low housing density (from 0.08 to 2.01 units/ha), and expansion of rural residential land use increased structure loss probability in the future. Regardless of future climate scenario, large fire probability was only projected to increase in the northern and interior parts of the state, whereas climate change had no projected impact on fire probability in southern California. Given the variation in fire-climate relationships and land use effects, policy and management decision-making should be customized for specific geographical regions.

Diurnal water use patterns for low-cost houses with indigent water allocation: a South African case study

Abstract The diurnal water use patterns are of interest to hydraulic modellers, as these patterns are required for the design of water distribution systems. An extensive body of literature is available with regard to daily, weekly and seasonal diurnal water use patterns of typical suburban houses. However, the characteristics of South African low-cost houses, the socio-economic status of the consumers and the level of water service to such houses differs from typical western suburban houses reported on elsewhere. Notable differences include the limited access to heated water and negligible garden irrigation at the low-cost houses. Knowledge of water use in low-cost houses, which are prevalent in South Africa, is limited. To reduce this lack of knowledge, approximately 2.5 million flow records were collected over a period of 3 years from a sample of 14 low-cost houses as part of this empirical case study. Subsequently, a diurnal water use pattern was constructed for the selected low-cost houses at 15-minute and 1-hour resolution. The diurnal pattern is useful for hydraulic modellers when data that represent extended period time simulation of water networks in low-cost housing developments is required.

The Impacts of Locational and Neighborhood Environmental Factors on the Spatial Clustering Pattern of Small Urban Houses: A Case of Urban Residential Housing in Seoul

Small housing has gained prominence in the housing market due to substantial shifts of both population and household structures in Korea. The study aims to examine the spatial clustering pattern of urban residential houses (URHs) in terms of the spatial statistics, and analyze the impacts of both locational and neighborhood residential factors on the formation of the spatial clustering pattern in the Seoul metropolitan area. It is found that the URHs represent a significant spatial clustering pattern based on the census tracts. The hotspots are mostly found in the outskirts of Seoul, where the development of small houses has been concentrated for ten years. Also, both locational and neighborhood residential factors have significant effects on the hotspot formation of the URH. The hotspots are more likely to be found in areas having many available sites for development, high demand for habitation, and high expected profits from developing small residences. Another significant factor is access to public transit, amenities, and employment centers. Therefore, it is necessary to design a rent subsidy program for potential residents and to encourage the development of housing in nearby hotspots with relatively lower land values. It is also important to establish policies and strategies for planning the housing supply and managing the residential environment in low-rise residential areas.

Housing Conditions in the FCT, Abuja-Nigeria: A Case Study of Gwagwalada Satellite Town

The research investigated the housing conditions and problems in the Federal Capital city of Abuja-Nigeria: using Gwagwalada satellite town as a case study. The research also examine; the nature of housing pattern in the study area, causes of poor housing conditions in the study area and the effects of poor housing conditions in the study area. Data was sourced from both primary and secondary sources. At the end of the research, it was revealed that, the causes of poor housing conditions in the study area were; Population explosion, lack of proper waste management and uneven spacing of buildings which creates un-conducive environment among others. The study also showed that, there exist; dilapidating buildings especially in the unplanned sections; poor road network in some areas; poor waste disposal and management; and lack of good water supply in some areas. Recommendations were proffered which include; strict implementation of laws governing building, its standard and requirements and provision of necessary neighborhood facilities within the reach of the individual housing units in the study area, maintaining already existing structures and discouraging house owners from building sub-standard houses by ensuring they provide their building plans before commencing such projects. Keywords: Housing conditions, housing patterns, public health, dilapidated buildings, domestic waste, waste management, substandard houses, building materials, population explosion, building policies, building laws, housing Units, basic amenities, building infrastructures, Gwagwalada satellite town. DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-4-13 Publication date : April 30 th 2019