Village Houses Research Articles

A Study of Vernacular Architecture of Tamil Nadu

This research study examines the rich legacy of vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu, India, with an emphasis on its historical relevance, architectural features, and sustainable practices. Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture has a wide spectrum of forms, from major Dravidian temples to simple the village houses. These structures provide not just functional needs, but also represent the communities' cultural identity and religious values. Furthermore, vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu is highly sensitive to the local environment, with buildings planned to maximize natural ventilation, lighting, and thermal comfort. Traditional building materials like lime, timber, and terracotta are supplied locally, reducing environmental effects, and encouraging sustainability. Focusing on historical documents and academic research this study investigates the cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental influences that have impacted Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture throughout the centuries. It also examines the current relevance of traditional architectural techniques in the context of growing urbanization and industrialization, highlighting the importance of maintaining and incorporating indigenous knowledge into sustainable development initiatives. Through case studies and comparative research, the article emphasizes the adaptability of Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture, as well as its potential contributions to modern architectural discourse and sustainable design practices. Keywords- Vernacular, architecture, climate responsiveness, sustainability, Tamil Nadu, South India, courtyard, Chettinad.

Dualist Land Regime, the Hukou System and the Welfare of Migrant Workers in Chinese Cities

Abstract Why is China's household registration system so resilient, and why are migrant workers consistently excluded from equal urban welfare? By disaggregating the hukou and land components of the rural–urban dualist regime, this article argues that dualist land ownership, formalized in China's 1982 Constitution, perpetuates the hukou system and unequal welfare rights. On the one hand, dualist land ownership results in an abundance of low-cost, informal housing in urban villages. This reduces the cost of short-term labour reproduction and diminishes migrants’ demands for state-defined urban rights. On the other hand, dualist land ownership enables local governments to amass significant revenues from land sales. The prominence of land-based revenues prompts local governments to link urban welfare rights with formal property ownership and residency, obstructing substantive reforms to the hukou system. For comparison, this article highlights Vietnam, a communist country with a unitary land ownership system, which has made greater strides in reforming its household registration system.

Models of residential space for ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province associated with sustainable livelihoods

Thanh Hoa Province has 11 mountainous districts with seven ethnic minority groups, and the three largest ethnic groups are the Muong, Thai, and H'Mong. This region has great potential for developing a forest-based economy, ecotourism, community-based tourism, and cultural heritage tourism that is associated with cultural festivals, customs, lifestyles, and traditional housing architecture. However, developing a family-based economy, such as engaging in community-based tourism or agricultural production, has negatively affected and disrupted the structure of village spaces, spatial planning, and traditional house design. The arbitrary construction of additional service spaces and spaces for resident guests within the village space and the precinct of a house has reduced the area of the garden and agricultural land. The self-initiated modification, expansion, and use of non-traditional materials in traditional housing structures by residents to serve tourists have resulted in the loss of the architectural value of traditional homes. The exploitation of agricultural land has affected the natural forest area, the forest protection area at the headwaters, and the vegetation cover and natural ecosystems. Moreover, agricultural economic activities have not been linked to service activities, handicraft production, or tourism, and there are no adaptive residential space models, thus failing to create sustainable livelihood activities. Therefore, the article proposes settlement space models and orientations for residential space development including village spaces, house precincts, and traditional housing spaces of ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province, associated with sustainable livelihoods based on the exploitation of traditional housing architectural heritage values to ensure local economic development. These models are closely linked with the conservation and promotion of ethnic cultural values, landscape preservation, environmental protection, and contribution to poverty reduction for residents.

PENYULUHAN MEDIA BANNER BERBASIS SEJARAH LOKAL RUMAH KAMPUNG ARAB PALEMBANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA

This service activity was motivated by the low interest of history teachers in creating media, especially in history subjects. Apart from that, there is also low student interest and motivation in learning, especially local history. So far, teachers in carrying out learning tend not to use media as a tool in conveying learning material, so learning is verbalistic plus the perception of history for some students is still considered a relatively difficult lesson. Therefore, it is necessary to create learning conditions that can familiarize children with history and their environment, one of which is by conducting learning using Banner media. This service activity aims to educate Palembang City YWKA High School teachers to increase their professionalism as History Teachers at Palembang YWKA High School. This activity also motivates teachers to design attractive learning media in the form of banners using local sources of excellence in the city of Palembang. The method of implementing activities carried out in this activity is lecture, question and answer and discussion, and the practice of making Banner media. It can be concluded that educational activities for YWKA High School Teachers in Palembang City provide teachers with understanding and skills in producing Banner learning media based on the local history of Arab Village Houses in Palembang City.

Research on Leased Space of Urban Villages in Large Cities Based on Fuzzy Kano Model Evaluation and Building Performance Simulation: A Case Study of Laojuntang Village, Chaoyang District, Beijing

China is in the transition period of urbanization, and the imbalance of land use generated during the original rapid development of megacities still exists, resulting in the preservation of a large number of urban villages in the peripheral areas of cities. Unlike formal housing, these villages are heavily influenced by the confrontation and interweaving between top-down policies of local governments and bottom-up spontaneous construction by local villagers, resulting in a diverse and complex status quo. At the same time, self-built housing in urban villages has become a gathering place for a large number of low-income migrants due to its relatively low rental prices. In terms of the research of urban villages on the current situation of housing, the real needs of users and housing performance are mostly subjective judgments and conclusions. Therefore, the entry point of this paper is the leased space and the leasers, taking Laojuntang Village in Chaoyang District of Beijing as the research object and analyzing its current problems and the real needs of users. This paper adopts an integrated approach of fuzzy Kano model evaluation and building performance simulation. After analyzing the data and discussing the influencing factors, this paper identifies the specific problems and user needs that exist in leased spaces in Laojuntang Village: (1) The architectural performance of leased space is a Must-be Quality, which is the bottom-line requirement and must be improved. (2) The quality of the basic facilities and equipment of the leased space is mostly a One-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, and the degree of importance is lower than that of the building performance. (3) The external activity facilities of the leased space are mostly undifferentiated needs, for which the local users are not particularly prominent. (4) The scale and plot ratio of local housing is relatively high, and users are dissatisfied and complaining, which falls under the category of Reverse Quality.

Experience in field research and collecting work in the Sinhalese environment in the 21st century

The Sinhalese people, the main population of Sri Lanka, have a rich and original culture, the study of which remains an interesting and urgent task. The author focuses on the experience of her field research in the Sinhalese milieu in the 1970s–80s and, in more detail, in the 21st century, when she made three expedition trips to Sri Lanka (in 2009, 2013 and 2014). Most interesting for her it seemed to uncover the possible innovations in everyday life, in material culture, in people’s mood. In addition, the author (partly in collaboration with colleagues from the Russian Ethnographic Museum and the State Hermitage) achieved some specific goals. In 2013, it was the search for the latest data on the status of the Veddas, the descendants of the island’s autochthons; in 2014 — a thorough acquaintance with the Sinhalese traditional handicraft production. This task was facilitated by the appearance in Sri Lanka of certain novelties interesting for the ethnographer — special original locations for studying and popularizing the Sinhalese folk culture and life, in particular, in the form of the “Ape Gama” Museum (Our village) and the ecological and ethnographic center “Gama Gedara” (Village House). The author also notes the significant assistance of her scholarly Sinhalese colleagues (historians, archaeologists, philologists) and some Buddhist monks. In the final part of the article, she shows how traditions and innovations coexist in the modern Sinhala craft (as visualized in the exhibits donated by her to the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS).

Optimization Study of Active-Passive Heating System Parameters in Village Houses in the Southern Xinjiang Province

Optimization Study of Active-Passive Heating System Parameters in Village Houses in the Southern Xinjiang Province

The internal logic and implementation path of activating idle rural houses in traditional villages from the perspective of the scene to drive common prosperity: A case study of Yaxikou village, Songyang county

The internal logic and implementation path of activating idle rural houses in traditional villages from the perspective of the scene to drive common prosperity: A case study of Yaxikou village, Songyang county

Analysis of causes of damage to masonry walls in the historic barrack No. B-115 in the former KL Auschwitz II – Birkenau camp

The brick barracks in the former German Nazi Concentration and Extermination camp KL Auschwitz II-Birkenau hold historical importance and are protected by law through their inclusion in the register of historical monuments. They are also inscribed on the World Heritage List. One of these barracks is known as B-115. It was originally constructed as a temporary building during the autumn and winter of 1941 and 1942. The materials used for its construction were obtained from dismantled houses in nearby villages. The walls of barrack B-115 have sustained damage in several areas. The exterior walls have experienced corrosion due to exposure to environmental factors. Inside the barrack, there are cracks and areas where the walls are breaking apart. The most severe damage is seen in the gable walls, which have become deformed and detached from the lateral walls. Additionally, there are extensive damages in the connections between the lateral walls and external longitudinal walls. The partition walls have also cracked, and concentrated forces have caused further cracks in certain areas. By analysing the documented types of damage and their causes, the repair plans aim to address and eliminate the identified sources of damage. The renovation is designed to minimize intervention in the historical layers of the barrack while preserving its documentary value. It will also ensure that visitors have safe access to the site.

Molecular detection of Trypanosoma lewisi in rodents distributed in dairy cattle pens and residential areas

The World Organisation for Animal Health continues to be concerned about the spread of atypical human-animal trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma lewisi is one of the rodent-origin zoonotic trypanosomiasis. Despite the fact that many cases of T. lewisi in humans have been documented in several nations, the study of this pathogenic parasite in Indonesia remains limited. The objective of this investigation was to use a molecular approach to detect T. lewisi in rats captured in livestock pens and residential areas. In Pondok Ranggon Village, Cipayung District, East Jakarta, 14 traps were placed in dairy cattle pens and a total of 50 traps were installed outside and inside houses in Lhoksukon and Ceubrek Villages, Lhoksukon District, North Aceh. The captured rats were identified, sedated, and examined for ectoparasites. The blood of rats was then analysed using Giemsa-stained thin blood films and PCR with TRYP1R and TRYP1S primers. The majority of the Rattus species captured in three locations were R. tanezumi (62.07%), followed by R. norvegicus (6.90%) and R. exulans (3.4%). Xenopsylla cheopis were predominant insect found in the present study (60%), followed by Laelaps echidninus (20%), Laelaps nutalli (12%), and Ornithonyssus bacoti (8%). According to the total flea index, rats captured from cattle pens had fewer fleas than rats from other locations. The molecular analysis revealed that T. lewisi was present in 46.15% of rats captured in human settlements and 66.67% of rats captured in the dairy cattle pens. PCR result also demonstrated that positive T. lewisi found higher in inside house (66.67%) compared to outside house (28.57%). It indicates that trypanosome infections are prevalent in rats from domestic environments and cattle pens, and that R. tanezumi can potentially serve as a source of parasites for both animals and humans through fleas acting as vectors.

Typical Village and Town Houses in the Cold Region of Northeast China: Simulation Analysis of Courtyard Layout and Winter Wind Environment Habitability

Folk residence in the cold region of Northeast China is an integral part of China’s traditional folk residence, with significant geographical representation. In this paper, we take the residential compounds of villages and towns in the cold region of Northeast China as the research object, summarize four typical layout forms of residential compounds of villages and towns in the cold region of Northeast China, simulate the wind environment of combinations of different layout forms in winter using the computer numerical simulation software Fluent, and then analyze and evaluate the wind environment of the compounds, including the evaluation standard of the wind speed ratio and considering the area of wind shadows, number of vortices, and other factors.

Etnomatematika Cagar Budaya Rumah Kampung Kapitan Dan Pengintegrasiannya Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika SMP

Abstract: The aims of this research are: 1) To describe the results of ethnomathematics exploration in the form of philosophical meaning contained in design; 2) Produce ethnomathematics-based LKPD on the cultural heritage of Kapitan Village houses in Palembang that is valid and practical; 3) Measuring the potential effect of ethnomathematics-based LKPD on junior high school mathematics learning outcomes. This research uses ethnographic research methods to describe the results of ethnomathematics exploration in the form of philosophical meaning contained in the design of the houses of Kampung Kapitan Palembang. Furthermore, the results of the ethnomathematics exploration of the Kapitan Village House Cultural Heritage will be made into teaching materials in the form of ethnomathematics-based LKPD. At this stage the type of research used is design research with the type of development studies. This research produces a philosophical meaning that is contained in the Kapitan Village House Cultural Heritage, especially in rectangular shapes (rectangles, rhombuses and trapezoids. After being integrated into ethnomathematics-based LKPD, it shows that 84% of students who have completed mathematics learning are in the effective category. Keywords: Ethnomathematics, Cultural Heritage, Kapitan Village, LKPD

Application exploration of BIM and 3D printing technology in Lingnan rural revitalization construction

With the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, farmers' living standards continue to improve, the demand for housing improvement increases, and farmers' self-built houses increase. Deep in the Lingnan Mountains, many natural villages have no planning, and the buildings are not integrated with the natural landscape, the construction quality is not high, the maintenance is difficult, the living needs and the lack of modern elements and other problems. In view of the existing problems of self-built houses in Lingnan villages, combined with the characteristics of self-construction of Lingnan rural buildings, this paper analyzes the role and defects of BIM and 3D printing technology in Lingnan rural construction, and discusses the feasibility of implementing this technology.

AN IMPROVED MASK R-CNN: EXTRACTION OF DOOR AND WINDOW INSTANCES ON VILLAGE BUILDING FAÇADE IMAGES

Abstract. Rapid access to the basic structure of village buildings is conducive to the investigation of the load-bearing bodies of village houses and provides data support for disaster assessment and post-disaster rescue and reconstruction. The development of computer vision technology provides new ideas and tools for identifying and extracting basic structures of housing buildings. Considering that the original Mask R-CNN ignores the spatial association and relationship of door and window elements, an advanced deep learning model based on Mask R-CNN network is proposed in this paper to detect and segment the door and window structure from the façade images. The improved network architectures integrate the attention mechanism with the original network, containing an improved Coordinate Attention(CA) module and a relationship module-based head network. The experimental results show that the Average Precision(AP) value of the backbone combined with the improved CA module is increased by 0.7% and 0.7% on regression and segmentation tasks respectively, compared with the original Mask R-CNN network. In the head network based on the relationship module, the calculation strategy of the relational module proposed in this paper increases the AP values of detection and segmentation from 76.7% and 77.7% to 80.6% and 80.0%, respectively.

A study of short period Indoor air pollution analysis in home level and its recommendations


 India had large number of villages (6.50 lakhs) around the cities and Tamil Nadu state having 12,619 villages around the town. Due to urbanization, village peoples having less number of job opportunities in their own village. The house holds women in villages use their country wood fuel for their long term cooking at low cost. The rural outside air having more air pollution as compared to indoor air pollution in the ratio of 2:1 in villages. The most significant parameters were identified and air quality levels at specific place were determined with help of PM2.5, PM10, Temperature and Humidity. The village women are affected more by skin allergy, asthma, eye power loss in advance, and cancer at various levels due to long usage of country wood. In general, village men using tobacco based items like cigarette and other items. This project deals with monitoring indoor air pollution in a village house (for a middle class income family) and better understanding of indoor air quality in real time. Also, it focuses on village women facing other health-related problems like asthma, eye problems and cancer in large numbers continuously increasing day by day in a village environment. It affects the normal work done by the villagers. A powerful statistical tool also used to compare the relationship between the indoor parameters in a selected village.

Influential Factors Affecting Tea Tourists’ Behavior Intention in Cultural Ecosystem Services: An Affordance Perspective

Tea tourism has gained prominence recently, particularly with the recognition of traditional Chinese tea processing techniques as an intangible cultural heritage. Nevertheless, as a niche form of tourism, knowledge gaps persist regarding the understanding of tea tourists’ perceptions of the tourism environment and their subsequent impact on behavior intentions. Underpinned by affordance theory, this study aims to investigate the role of tourism environment affordance in shaping behavior intentions through emotional value and cultural identity. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed to analyze survey data collected from 296 online responses provided by tea tourists. The key findings are as follows: (1) tea tourists primarily visit sites like a tea village, tea garden, and tea house, typically once or twice annually, with visits lasting 2–4 or 4–8 h; (2) convenient transportation and facilities, educational opportunities, and well-designed environments emerge as the most influential aspects of tourism environment affordance; and (3) tourism environment affordance significantly influences emotional value and cultural identity, and these in turn act as mediators between tourism environment affordance and behavior intentions. Therefore, this study expands the application of affordance theory to tea tourism by elucidating how perceptions of tourism environment affordance impact tea tourists’ behavior intentions and it deepens our understanding of the flow of cultural ecosystem services. Additionally, it underscores the pivotal role of tourism in providing cultural ecosystem services for preserving intangible cultural heritage and nurturing cultural identity. Practical implications for promoting tea tourism as cultural ecosystem services are also gleaned from our findings.

Future indoor overheating risk for urban village housing in subtropical region of China under long-term changing climate

Over the last two decades, China has witnessed a surge in the emergence of urban villages characterized by high building density and significant migrant populations, primarily due to shifts in land use during urbanization. Housings in urban villages with low-cost design strategies, potentially exposing them to indoor overheating risks under climate changes. Given the scarcity of literature analyzing thermal performance of these houses, this study aims to assess the future indoor overheating risk of common urban village house types based on different construction material in subtropical China with two metrics which are Indoor Overheating Hours (IOH) and Indoor Overheating Degree (IOD), and explore effective methods to counter outdoor thermal stress. A four-month on-site measurement was conducted to calibrate the building thermal environment calculation model. Results demonstrate pronounced indoor overheating risks for both selected houses, Traditional Urban Village House (TUVH) and Contemporary Urban Village House (CUVH), particularly under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 8.5 scenario. TUVH and CUVH may experience up to 2111 and 4325 overheating hours, respectively, with the IOD reaching 7.1 °C and 10.9 °C. Moreover, employing a global sensitivity analysis, we found that adding opaque shading for external wall is an effective retrofit strategy for TUVH and CUVH. This study contributes to evaluating the thermal performance of urban village houses under long-term climate changes with the findings promoting future retrofit strategy research for urban village houses focusing on housing types and usage pattern of the housings.

Problems of Mangrove Forest Deporestation with the Status of Other User Areas for the Development of Residential Areas and Pond Activities in Kotabaru Regency From A Criminal Perspective

The purpose of carrying out this journal is to find out that deforestation of mangrove forests in Kotabaru Regency carried out by the community is an environmental crime and they want to know the sanctions that can be imposed on perpetrators of mangrove forest deforestation in Kotabaru Regency which cause damage to the mangrove forest ecosystem.
 The results of this writing are that the act of deforestation of mangrove forests in Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan Province is caused by the local government's RTRWK inventory process being less than thorough because there are still mangrove forests that are included in residential areas and fisheries cultivation areas. Furthermore, the act of mangrove deforestation is a criminal act of environmental destruction because it pollutes and destroys the surrounding environment, destroying mangrove forests, and destroying the mangrove ecosystem.
 Normative research type, doctrinal legal research type using philosophical thinking by finding a concept, research approach, statutory approach, and conceptual approach. Prescriptive nature of research types and primary secondary and tertiary research.
 There are still mangrove forest plants based on the author's research which are located on the sea coast of Silver Street, Semayap Village, Kotabaru Regency which extends to the Semayap Village housing complex which is a residential area in the RTRWK Kotabaru Regency is located in a residential area, so the author can conclude that the regional government's inventory process in the RTRW process is not thorough enough and the need for the RTRWK to be revised again, as well as the sea coast area, city boundaries, the village of Stagen District. Kotabaru with the presence of fish and shrimp ponds included in the RTRWK for cultivation areas, the writer can conclude that the regional government inventory process in the RTRW process is not thorough enough and the RTRWK needs to be revised again so that the writer concludes that the local regional government is also responsible for the deportation carried out by residential business actors. and pond cultivation on the side of Silver Street, Semayap Village, Kotabaru Regency up to the Semayap housing complex as well as fish pond cultivation on the coast at the city limits of Stagen Village, Kec. North Sea Island District. new city. The current impact is that this location often floods when the sea water is at high tide. The act of deforestation of mangrove forests in Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan Province is an environmental crime. Sanctions that can be imposed on the perpetrators are Article 98 paragraph (1) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 of 2009 concerning Protection and Management of the Environment Article 35 Letter e of the Republic of Indonesia Law Indonesia Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands and article 73 letter b of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands and the regional government should be asked for criminal liability in article 112 and article 113 UUPPLH.

Pengadaan Tempat Sampah Sebagai Wujud Implementasi Untuk Mengurangi Lingkungan Yang Kotor

The lack of land preparation and trash bins in Pulau Kalimanting Village is one of the problems that has occurred so it is necessary to evaluate the prevention of problems that occur so as not to cause diseases that will make people sick. The purpose of this Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) is to find solutions related to environmental pollution problems found in Pulau Kalimating Village at this time. Some of these places are at the State Elementary School 013 Pulau Kalimanting Village, Posyandu, and Lane House. Because of these problems, the right solution is to procure a trash can as a form of implementation to reduce the dirty environment in Pulau Kalimating Village. This report will describe how the trash can functions for the village community so that with these efforts it is hoped that it can increase public awareness about the importance of environmental cleanliness and understand the concept of sorting organic and anorganic waste. The method used is by directly handing over the bins to the school principal, the head of the posyandu, and the lane chairman who will later use the bins properly. This activity was well received and enthusiastic by the community because it was considered as an effort to improve environmental cleanliness in Pulau Kalimanting Village. Thus, this activity is quite effective in overcoming waste piles.

Host feeding preferences of malaria vectors in an area of low malaria transmission

Studying the behaviour and trophic preferences of mosquitoes is an important step in understanding the exposure of vertebrate hosts to vector-borne diseases. In the case of human malaria, transmission increases when mosquitoes feed more on humans than on other animals. Therefore, understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of vectors and their feeding preferences is essential for improving vector control measures. In this study, we investigated the feeding behaviour of Anopheles mosquitoes at two sites in the Sudanian areas of Senegal where transmission is low following the implementation of vector control measures. Blood-fed mosquitoes were collected monthly from July to November 2022 by pyrethrum spray catches in sleeping rooms of almost all houses in Dielmo and Ndiop villages, and blood meals were identified as from human, bovine, ovine, equine and chicken by ELISA. Species from the An. gambiae complex were identified by PCR. The types and numbers of potential domestic animal hosts were recorded in each village. The Human Blood Index (HBI) and the Manly Selection Ratio (MSR) were calculated to determine whether hosts were selected in proportion to their abundance. Spatio-temporal variation in HBI was examined using the Moran’s index. A total of 1251 endophilic Anopheles females were collected in 115 bedrooms, including 864 blood fed females of 6 species. An. arabiensis and An. funestus were predominant in Dielmo and Ndiop, respectively. Of the 864 blood meals tested, 853 gave a single host positive result mainly on bovine, equine, human, ovine and chicken in decreasing order in both villages. Overall, these hosts were not selected in proportion to their abundance. The human host was under-selected, highlighting a marked zoophily for the vectors. Over time and space, the HBI were low with no obvious trend, with higher and lower values observed in each of the five months at different points in each village. These results highlight the zoophilic and exophagic behaviour of malaria vectors. This behaviour is likely to be a consequence of the distribution and use of LLINs in both villages and may increase risk of residual outdoor transmission. This underlines the need to study the feeding host profile of outdoor resting populations and how domestic animals may influence malaria epidemiology in order to tailor effective malaria vector control strategies in the two villages.