Parental Housing Research Articles

Ingested Salmonella enterica, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes: transmission dynamics from adult house flies to their eggs and first filial (F1) generation adults.

BackgroundThe mechanical transmission of pathogenic bacteria by synanthropic filth flies is widely recognized. While many studies report the fate and the temporospatial distribution of ingested foodborne bacteria by filth flies, there is little evidence about the transmission dynamics of ingested foodborne bacteria by adult house flies (Musca domestica) to their progeny. In this study, we fed parental house fly adults with food contaminated with low, medium, and high concentrations of Salmonella enterica, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes and evaluated the probability of transmission of these pathogens to house fly eggs and the surface and the alimentary canal of their first filial (F1) generation adults.ResultsAll foodborne pathogens were present in samples containing pooled house fly eggs. The probability of transmission was higher after parental house flies ingested food containing medium bacterial loads. Cronobacter sakazakii was 16, 6, and 3 times more likely to be transmitted to house fly eggs than S. enterica, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Only S. enterica and C. sakazakii were transmitted to F1 generation adults and their presence was 2.4 times more likely on their body surfaces than in their alimentary canals. The highest probabilities of finding S. enterica (60 %) and C. sakazakii (28 %) on newly emerged F1 adults were observed after parental house flies ingested food containing medium and high levels of these pathogens, respectively.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that adult house flies that fed from food contaminated with various levels of foodborne bacteria were able to transmit those pathogens to their eggs and some were further transmitted to newly emerged F1 generation adults, enhancing the vector potential of these insects. Understanding the type of associations that synanthropic filth flies establish with foodborne pathogens will help to elucidate transmission mechanisms and possible ways to mitigate the spread of foodborne pathogens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0478-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A descriptive and follow-up study of 40 parricidal patients hospitalized in a French secure unit over a 15-year period

Parricide is rare and represents 3% of all homicides in France, and 4% of resolved homicides in North America. Consequently, related international literature is sparse, especially concerning the evolution of offenders, and most studies concern small samples or anecdotal cases. We wished to identify the main characteristics of parricidal subjects and their victims, and to assess the socioclinical evolution of the offenders after the assault. To this end, we first studied the sociodemographic, clinical and forensic characteristics of all parricidal patients admitted to France's Henri Colin secure unit between 1996 and 2010 (40 patients). We also assessed the evolution of the 36 patients who had left the secure unit, using questionnaires sent to the psychiatric hospitals where the patients were transferred. We found most offenders to be men (97.5%), with a mean age of 28years, who were mostly single, unemployed, living with the victim prior to the assault (77.5%), and with a history of psychiatric disorder (72.5%). The population of offenders also displayed an overrepresentation of schizophrenia (87.5%), significant toxic exposure and criminal or violent history. Some patients had attempted suicide before or right after the offense. The assault was mostly committed in the parent's house with an edged weapon, and was characterized by brutality and lack of premeditation. Precipitating factors included substance use and cessation of psychotropic medication. Matricide was more frequent than patricide. At the time of this study, half of the parricidal patients were working or attending therapeutic activities, and most were actively keeping in contact with their family, living as compliant outpatients with no signs of violent behavior. The results of our study on 40 parricidal patients are consistent with data in the literature. With regard to sample evolution, family and community reintegration was relatively effective considering the seriousness of the offense. Several biases in our study disallow the generalization of these findings, and further studies are needed.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome vulnerability of men who have sex with men in a border area of West Bengal, India

Background: Studying level of living, awareness about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and sex behavior of men who have sex with men (MSMs) is prerequisite for control of increasing among them in India. Objective: To assess sociodemographics, awareness about STIs including AIDS, and find out the pattern of high risk sex behavior of MSM. Methodology: Cross-sectional survey was undertaken in May, 2012 among MSMs catered by T I program via Nongovernmental Organization Madhya Banglar Sangram in Murshidabad District. 62 MSMs were included from five cruising spots sampled randomly out of fourteen such. Information was collected via interview and focused group discussions (FGD) using questionnaire and FGD guide. Blood samples were examined for VDRL reactivity. Results: Median age was 25 years and sexual debut at 13.67 ± 4.29 years. 87% respondents were residing in parental house, 20% was married, 40% had low education, 80.33% had additional jobs but 54% reported poor income. About 56% respondents knew what is AIDS and its spread via sex, mother to child transmission, needle sharing, sex worker, and blood transfusion reported by 52.46, 50.82, 47.54, 45.90, and 34.43%, respectively. More than 2/3 rd , about 40 and 34.43% MSMs played anal and receptive, anal insertive and oral insertive role. About 33% used condom regularly. Majority knew main symptoms of STIs. About 2/3 rd reported discrimination by neighbors. Blood examination showed 6.45% VDRL reactivity. Conclusion: Reducing vulnerability of MSMs to HIV/AIDS requires holistic programs.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet by nursing students of Murcia (Spain).

The Mediterranean diet is recognized as one with the healthiest dietary patterns; however, this diet is deteriorating and being abandoned even in the Mediterranean countries themselves. Generally speaking, dietary habits get fixed during adolescence although during the college phase, students may experience important changes in their lifestyles. The KIDMED index is recognized as a good tool to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD). The aim of this study was to assess AMD in college students and to evidence possible variations throughout the college period assessing differences between the college years. A cross-sectional study with 213 alumni in first grade and 105 in fourth grade was carried out. The students were classified by gender, type of residence (parents' home or out of the parents' house) and body mass index (BMI) (< 25 or > 25). The BMI for the whole sample was 24.35 ± 2.71 in men and 22.54 ± 3.25 in women (p < 0.001). The mean score in AMD was 7.0 ± 1.9, with 43% of the students showing good adherence. In general, a low intake of fruits, vegetables, rice or pasta was observed, foods that are included in the base of the dietary pyramid. Consumption of olive oil and legumes was very high and a direct relationship was observed between overweighed people (BMI > 25) and the habit of not having breakfast usually. No significant differences were observed between the student of first and fourth grades although those students in the fourth grade living away from the parental house had higher AMD level than the other students (p < 0.001). Educational programs promoting the intake of the different groups of food are recommended, was well as strategies promoting the consumption of fruits and vegetables within the university area and the healthy habit of having breakfast.

Childhood environments and cytomegalovirus serostatus and reactivation in adults

Childhood adversity, defined in terms of material hardship or physical or emotional maltreatment has been associated with risk for infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) among children and adolescents, and with CMV reactivation in children and adults. The present study examined whether different dimensions of childhood experience-those pertaining to socioeconomic status (SES), physical environment, or family relationships-relate differentially to CMV serostatus and reactivation during adulthood. Participants were 140 healthy adults, aged 18-55years (41% female; 64% white). Childhood environments were assessed retrospectively and included family SES (parental housing tenure); childhood neighborhood environment (urban residence; physical conditions; safety; and social atmosphere); residential exposures (parental smoking and physical condition of home); and family relationships (parental divorce; warmth; harmony; dysfunction; parental bonding). Approximately 39% (n=53) of participants were CMV+. In individual analyses controlling for age, sex, race, body mass, current adult SES and smoking status, fewer years of parental home ownership, having a parent who smoked, and living in a poorly maintained or unsafe neighborhood each were associated with greater odds of infection with CMV. By comparison, in individual analyses limited to CMV+ participants, less family warmth, less harmony, greater dysfunction, and suboptimal parental bonding each were related to higher antibody levels, independent of the aforementioned covariates. Findings were not attributable to current adult perceptions of psychological stress or relative levels of emotional stability. These results suggest that different types of childhood adversity may be associated with differential effects on CMV infection and latency.

Reciprocity in the Formation of Intergenerational Coresidence

Children play a key role in supporting elderly parents, and the literature has consistently found reciprocity whereby parents compensate their children for providing care and attention. To understand how the mode of compensation is related to the characteristics of parents and children, we studied the determinants of transitions to parent–child coresidence in Japan. The results conformed to the hypothesis that the mode of reciprocity depends on the costs and benefits of coresidence for each family member. Parental assets and care needs were associated with coresidence. Additionally, transitions to coresidence with married parents were characterized by young, unmarried children and the presence of parental housing assets, whereas transitions to coresidence with widowed mothers were characterized by mothers’ non-housing assets.

Sleep disutbances and emotional/behavioral problems among Chinese school-aged children: prevalence and association

Introduction Sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems are highly prevalent in childhood across all societies, and they frequently present with other co-morbidities. However, little is known about these issues among Chinese school-aged children. Therefore, the objectives were to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems, and their associations. Materials and methods The sample comprises 886 children (6–12 years old) recruited from normal elementary schools in Shenzhen, China, with a cluster stratified sampling procedure. Their parents completed the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and some socio-demographic questions to assess the domains involved. Results Based on clinical cut-offs, 69.5% of parents perceived their children had global sleep disturbances, the prevalence of specific sleep disturbances ranged from 5.2% (night waking) to 23.1% (bedtime resistance); 11.5% of parents perceive their children had global emotional/behavioral problems, the prevalence of specific emotional/behavioral problems ranged from 8.5% (emotional symptoms) to 26.6% (peer problems). The correlations between most sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems domains were statistically significant (∣r∣ = 0.01 ∼ 0.39, p 0.05 or 0.01). After controlling the effects of age, gender, parental education level, housing income, and co- sleeping, emotional symptoms ( ∣ Â = 0.26, p 0.01), conduct problems ( ∣ Â = 0.09, p 0.05) and hyperactivity ( ∣ Â = 0.17, p 0.01) account for 16% variance in sleep disturbances. Conclusion As in other societies, both sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems among school-aged children frequently occurred in China, and sleep disturbances are associated with emotional/behavioral problems, especially emotional symptoms, conduct problems and hyperactivity. Our study suggests a need to prevent, detect, and invent sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems among Chinese children, and provides reference data to researchers and professionals. Acknowledgements The authors thank the lovely children and their parents and teachers. We acknowledge Rui Ma (Nanshan Xuefu Primary School) for her help with data collection. We also appreciate the efforts of Lin Lin and her three classmates (Shenzhen University, China) in data entry.

Family dynamics and housing

OBJECTIVE In this reflection I discuss my conceptual ideas and the latest empirical findings regarding the connections between leaving the parental home, marriage, parenthood, and separation on the one hand, and housing on the other. I also discuss the limitations of the research and directions for future research. CONCLUSIONS Parental housing of good quality keeps specific categories of potential nest-leavers in the parental home, but is also positively associated with the likelihood of young adults starting their housing careers as homeowners. The connections between housing and marriage and between housing and parenthood can be characterized using the concepts of housing space, quality, and safety or security - all three of which married couples and families need more than singles - and flexibility, which couples and families need less. These four needs are strongly subject to social norms. There is a strong tendency for married couples and prospective families to move into home ownership and higher quality homes. Separation tends to lead ex-partners with lower moving costs and fewer resources to move from the joint home, and tends to lead to a longer lasting decrease in housing quality, particularly for women. Future research could focus on the impact of housing on the transformation of dating partnerships into co-residential partnerships, the impact of housing quality and home ownership on the quality of partner relationships, partnership and housing histories rather than single events and short-term effects, unraveling the causal connections between family and housing, and incorporating the impact of the socio-spatial context in the research.

The role of gender in housing for individuals with severe mental illness: a qualitative study of the Canadian service context

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to examine the role of gender as it relates to access to housing among individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) in Canada.DesignAn exploratory, qualitative approach was...

Michael Landy's Semi-Detached and the art of making

ABSTRACTIn 2004 Michael Landy exhibited a life-sized replica of his parent's house in the Duveen Galleries, Tate Britain. In common with many of Landy's installations, Semi-Detached was loosely autobiographical and concerned with working-class life. Three films relating to his father's life within the home were played as part of the installation. John Landy had been a miner and a DIY enthusiast who had worked hard at making and mending within the home. Since his accident he had led a more restricted life, and Landy wanted to consider what happened to identity when one is no longer part of that productive system. Although a different form of labour, all of Landy's projects have involved detailed, hands-on work. In order to undertake the installation, the Tate and Landy worked with the Mike Smith Studio, which involved a range of both art production and everyday skills and labour. This article discusses the background, production and display of the installation, and considers the different frameworks of making art and making a home in the construction of self-identity.

Refugee Claimant Women and Barriers to Health and Social Services Post-birth

Access to services for international migrants living in Canada is especially important during the postpartum period when additional health services and support are key to maternal and infant health. Recent studies found refugee claimant women to have a high number of postpartum health and social concerns that were not being addressed by the Canadian health care system. The current project aimed to gain greater understanding of the barriers these vulnerable migrant women face in accessing health and social services postpartum. Qualitative text data on services that claimant women received post-birth and notes (recorded by research nurses) about their experiences in accessing and receiving services were examined. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify common themes related to access barriers. Of particular concern were the refusal of care for infants of mothers covered under IFHP, maternal isolation and difficulty for public health nurses to reach women postpartum. Also problematic was the lack of assessment, support and referrals for psychosocial concerns. Better screening and referral for high-risk claimant women and education of health care providers on claimants' coverage and eligibility for services may improve the addressing of health and social concerns. Expansion of claimants' health benefits to include psychotherapy without prior approval by Citizenship and Immigration Canada is also recommended. Interventions aimed at social determinants underlying health care access issues among childbearing refugee claimants should also be explored. These might include providing access to subsidized language courses, social housing and government-sponsored benefits for parents, which currently have restrictive eligibility that limits or excludes claimants' access.

Socio-demographic Variations of Homeowners and Differential Effects of Parental Homeownership on Offspring's Housing Tenure

Previous research indicates a positive effect of parental homeownership on offspring's homeownership, but rarely tests whether the effect is due to self-selectivity. In the context of socio-demographic variations of American homeowners, this study extends previous research by examining the differential effects of parental ownership of a single-family home. The current study employs the Panel Studies of Income Dynamics data, using propensity score matching to address self-selection problems. The results suggest that the intergenerational effect of parental housing tenure has been differentiated by race, income and the housing tenure history of parents while reinforcing inequality. Even within the same housing tenure, offspring of socio-economically disadvantaged groups are less likely to take advantage of parental homeownership in attaining a single-family owner-occupied home.

Predicting the risk of newborn children to become overweight later in childhood: The PIAMA birth cohort study

To develop a decision rule by which children with a high risk to develop overweight can be distinguished at birth from children at low risk. Data of 1 687 Dutch children born in 1996/1997 who participated in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) longitudinal birth cohort study were analysed. Perinatal candidate predictors of overweight at 8 years of age were selected and a prediction model was developed using stepwise model selection based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The prediction model was internally validated using resampling techniques. Outcome measure. Overweight at the age of 8 years. A total of 13.9% (n = 253) of the children were overweight at 8 years of age. Independent positive predictors of overweight were paternal and maternal body mass index, female gender, smoking in the parental house, birth weight and hospital delivery. From the model, a decision rule was derived by which an overweight score could be calculated. Of the children with an overweight score below 89.45, only 2.7% were overweight at the age of 8, whereas in children with an overweight score above 105.02 the prevalence of overweight was 35.4%. The risk of overweight at the age of 8 years can be predicted with six characteristics that are available at birth. The decision rule developed in this study may help to target early preventive measures against overweight in high-risk children.

Déguisements, invisibilité et disqualification des gardes d'enfants en Suisse Romande aujourd'hui

Various factors oblige today's parents to entrust their children to a child‐care worker (CCW), providing services in the domestic sphere, either at the child's parental house or at the day‐care worker's (DCW's) own home. Taking this into account, this paper examines job offers and applications for DCWs published in a regional Swiss newspaper as well as other job offers and applications published on a website called bestnounou.ch. The parents often tend to use a variety of terms, which do not point to the child‐caring or rearing activity itself, but rather emphasise sociological characteristics of the CCW (age, gender, civil status), requesting, for example, a “lady”, a “grandmother”, a “student”. Thereby, the parents present the child‐care work as: (1) a secondary and temporary activity in relation to another major stable activity (motherhood, apprenticeship, retirement); and (2) an activity that does not require professional skills but inborn aptitudes. Moreover, employers use as synonyms distinctive terms, which refer to various categories of CCW and domestic workers, whose schedules of conditions and salaries are regulated and differ. The parents' inclination to use terms designating the most precarious and underpaid CCW underscores the importance of child‐care in the domestic sphere. It leads also to a public image of child‐care workers as being a fragmented, unstable, little qualified and economically inconsistent workforce, in contrast to the stable and structural need for their specific services, allowing parents to face their familial and professional responsibilities.

Housing Values of Adult Children and their Parents. Is the Quality of Housing Transmitted between Generations?

This paper investigates to what extent the value of housing is transmitted from one generation to the next. Using the Social Statistical dataBase (SSB) for the Netherlands in 2003 and OLS regression analysis, it is found that the value of the parents' home is an important predictor of housing value. Even after controlling for the fact that parents and children might operate in the same housing market, and parental characteristics such as income, age and household status, strong similarities are found between the value of the parents' home and that of their adult children. Finally, it is concluded that parental housing value is a robust measure of the parents' socio-economic status because it reflects the parents' complete socio-economic histories.

Comparison of Nutritional and Physical Status according to the Residental Type among College Women in Seoul Women's University and Sahmyook University

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of residence types ((1) parent house, (2) dormitory or boarding home, (3) boarding home w/o food) on the dietary habits and health status of college women (20-23 y). Overall, 46.1% of college women reported that they were economically middle class and spent 200,000-390,000 won. Additionally, 17.4% of college women considered themselves healthy, while 33.8% reported that they were not healthy. Furthermore, 32.0% of college women had experience to control their weight and 39.8% reported that they exercised to control their weight. There were no significant differences in the height and weight of the subjects according to residential type, but the amount of skeletal muscles mass () of the subjects that lived in dormitory or boarding home was significantly higher (p , vitamin , vitamin , niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E and folic acid for the subjects who lived in dormitory or boarding homes was significantly higher than those of students who lived in private residences (p , and differed significantly by residential types (p

Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Turkish university students and assessment of associated factors

BackgroundMany students who begin university at risky periods for OCD development cannot meet the new challenges successfully. They often seek help and apply to the university health center for psychiatric distress. We aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) at students of the Cukurova University in this cross sectional study.MethodsThis study was performed in the Cukurova University Faculty of Education with a population of 5500 students; the representative sample size for detecting the OCD prevalence was calculated to be 800. After collecting sociodemographic data, we questioned the students for associated factors of OCD. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI, Section K) were used for psychiatric evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the linkage between OCD and associated factors.ResultsA total of 804 university students were included in this study. The GHQ-12-positive students (241 students, 29.9%) were interviewed using Section K of the CIDI (222 students, 27.6%). OCD was diagnosed in 33 (4.2%) students. The Logistic regression analysis of the data showed significant associations between OCD and male gender (p:0.036), living on government dormitory (p: 0.003), living on students' house/parental house (p:0.006), having private room in the parental house (p:0.055) and verbal abuse in the family (p:0.006).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a higher prevalence of OCD among a group of university students compared to other prevalence studies of OCD in Turkish society. Furthermore, our findings also suggest relationships between OCD and sociodemographic factors, as well as other environmental stress factors.

Residential opportunities and emancipation strategies in an owner-occupied dominated market

Different events in the life course of individuals are normally associated with specific residential choices. In particular, this applies to the process of household formation which, from the residential perspective, involves moving from the parental house to another dwelling. Emancipation evidences the preferences of young people for a new habitat and is usually conditioned by two sets of variables: on the one hand, labour conditions (i.e. a permanent job, the amount of salary, etc.) and, on the other, the residential opportunities offered by the current market circumstances. Certainly, a secure occupation in the labour market facilitates the affordability of rent or mortgage payments. Besides, the better the position is, the broader the range of housing opportunities. However, the housing market situation and, therefore, the existence or not of available/affordable residential opportunities for new households might influence delays or earlier moves in the process of emancipation. This article will focus on the impact of a certain residential landscape dominated by owner- occupation and high rents and prices, the Spanish housing market, in the process of emancipation and residential decisions of young households. The hypothesis to be tested in this particular context refers to the effects of how scarce affordable residential opportunities have affected the process of young people emancipation. In particular, the recent growth of housing prices and rents together with the insufficient renting opportunities in the market will be analysed under the light of housing careers' literature: the residential choice of young people is therefore understood as a combination of housing preferences of population and constraints imposed by the market. Finally, given the current deceleration of the Spanish housing market (i.e. less construction and lower housing prices growth rate) and the changing macroeconomic landscape, especially the hardening of the financial conditions, some hints about those recently emancipated will be offered.

Parental marital status significantly influence risk for childhood obesity

The effect of parental marital status on childhood obesity was investigated. The study data used was from NHANES III Series I A files collected during 1988–1994. Children (N=1000) between the ages of 6–11 years were studied. Children's data were matched up with parents’ using family sequence numbers. Dietary recall along with age, gender ethnicity/race, height and weight (for BMI calculations) and blood parameters were used to establish relationships between child obesity and parental marital status using SPSS. Results indicated that children from dual parent house holds (DPHH) (N=780) had significantly (P<0.01) lower BMI (19.2±5.4) than single parent house holds (SPHH) (N=219) (21.5±6.5). Greater (P<0.01) percentage of girls (44.2%) and boys (37.4%) from SPHH than DPHH (29.5; 31.7%) had BMI greater than 94%ile. Black children from SPHH had higher (P<0.04) BMI (20.4±2.2) than white (19.2±2.2) and others (18.9±3). Total calorie intake was marginally significant (P<0.06) between SPHH (1910±24) and DPHH (1860±25). Total and saturated fat intakes (g/day) were higher (P<0.05) in SPHH (9.1±6.2; 3.3±1.0) than DPHH (8.6±5.2; 3.2±1.1). LDL (mg/dL) levels were higher (P<0.05) for SPHH (91±1.5) than DPHH (88±1.5). Socio-demographic status of children seems to play an important role in developing obesity at an early age. Behaviors associated with SPHH specifically relating to diet and exercise need further study.

Sėkmės kūrybos mokymo problema

Straipsnyje kalbama apie jaunimo ugdymą, kuriuo jis mokomas kurti sėkmingą gyvenimą tėvų šeimoje, sėkmingą mokymąsi, sėkmingą darbą, sėkmingą savo šeimos ateiti: gebėjimą sėkmingai veikti visuomenėje, ir bandoma analizuoti sėkmės kūrybos veiksnius šeimoje, mokykloje. Tuos veiksnius apibūdina tokie žodžiai kaip savigarba, refleksija, sėkmė, kūryba, projektas, planas, veikmė.