Housing Development Research Articles

The Development of Green Houses In The Southern Türkiye, with an Emphasis on Their Structural and Agricultural Features : The case of the Mersin province

The Development of Green Houses In The Southern Türkiye, with an Emphasis on Their Structural and Agricultural Features : The case of the Mersin province

Rampant Land Dispute Cases

This research examines the problem of land disputes in Indonesia caused by the illegal practices of the land mafia and poor land management by housing developers. Based on the Seven Principles of Agrarian Law, land should be used to benefit the community. However, facts on the ground show that much land is controlled unilaterally by the land mafia. They used various methods, including making fake letters and cultivating empty land to sell at high prices. This has led to many ownership disputes and legal problems for legitimate landowners and defrauded buyers. To avoid this problem, the public is advised to process the legality of their land certificates through the National Land Agency (BPN). The legal basis supporting the importance of land certificates is contained in Article 19 and Article 23 of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) no. 5 of 1960 and Law no. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights. This research also highlights the challenge of limited land in Indonesia, which causes the high economic value of land to become an object of competition. Housing developers often face land management problems, resulting in land certificates being mortgaged at banks and losses for consumers. The importance of public awareness of checking the completeness and validity of documents before carrying out a house purchase transaction is emphasized to avoid problems in the future. Education and supervision from the government and related institutions, such as BPN, are critical in protecting consumer rights and ensuring legal certainty.

Spatial Planning Prerequisites for the Development of Affordable Housing in the Center of the City of Zagreb

This paper analyzes the concept of affordable housing and urban planning instruments that incentivize its development, especially in city centers. Considering the shortage of affordable housing in Zagreb, the research aims to identify contemporary urban planning practices that focus on the social function of housing and the role that local urban and housing policies have in ensuring access to it. By comparing the strategic documents for the housing development of the cities of Lyon and Barcelona and models of their implementation in the local urban plans for the areas of city centers and contact brownfield areas, the provisions incentivizing the development of the affordable housing (right of pre-emption, category of subsidized housing, inclusionary zoning, density bonus, and protection of residential use) are singled out. In the context of urban renewal of the historic center of Zagreb and of brownfield redevelopment in the contact zone of the city center, inclusion of the aforementioned provisions in local urban plans is examined, demonstrating the potential that such instrument has for the development of affordable housing in the city center.

Identifying The Factors Of Slums Development In Urban Areas Of Qasimabad, Sindh Pakistan

The term slum is often used to describe hectic settlements with poor facilities and bad living conditions. The majority of city dwellers reside in slums, which are typically deprived of the most basic utilities. According to UN-HABITAT's definition of slum refers to a group of people who live in close residences in urban areas and who require enough living space, long-term housing, access to consumption of water, and a proper sanitation system. Slums developed in Pakistan, like many other third-world nations, are a result of rising urbanization, and the government's incapacity to provide rural migrants in urban centers with housing needs. Hyderabad is one of the fastest-growing cities in the State that has seen significant industrialization. Qasimabad sub-local, being the area most affected by the urbanization process in the Hyderabad region, as a result, 3508 agricultural land parcels were turned into a housing development. The aim of this research is to identify the factors and slum development in urban areas of Qasimabad through the data collection process, specific observation is made, and reports are reviewed. Secondary data is collected in the form of census reports, master plans, and various evaluations, used to examine the issues with slums. However, the results show that the primary cause of the overpopulation of slums and environmental degradation in urban areas is the declination of secondary cities.

Habitat features important for the conservation of the endangered Sloane’s Froglet (Crinia sloanei) in peri-urban environments

Context Determining and quantifying habitat selection of endangered species in peri-urban environments assists planners and managers to develop strategies and alternative conservation measures in the face of urban expansion and development. Sloane’s Froglet (Crinia sloanei), listed nationally as endangered in Australia, is a little-known species distributed within peri-urban environments, where foundational ecological information and the development of adequate conservation responses has been lacking. Aims (a) To determine a core calling period for Sloane’s Froglet and detection probabilities for occupancy surveys. (b) To understand and characterise the habitat that Sloane’s Froglet uses at the wetland and microhabitat scale. Methods We used generalised linear modelling and the information-theoretic approach to model habitat preferences for this species at two scales: the waterbody scale, and the microhabitat scale. We quantified the habitat characteristics of waterbodies occupied by Sloane’s Froglet in winter, its peak breeding period, by measuring the biophysical characteristics of 54 occupied and 40 unoccupied waterbodies. The microhabitat and relative spatial positioning of Sloane’s Froglet within waterbodies was examined at 54 calling sites in an area of one m squared around individual male Sloane’s Froglets and 57 randomly selected unused sites. Wetlands were surveyed multiple times to determine detection probabilities. Key results Model selection indicated that Sloane’s Froglet is 450 times more likely to occupy a waterbody when an adjacent ephemeral shallow overflow is present; and are more likely to be present when there is greater cover of small stem-diameter emergent vegetation and less bare ground on the bank. The microhabitat investigation of one m squared sites showed that Sloane’s Froglet’s calling sites are predominantly inundated, and at significantly shallower water depths, than unused sites. Sloane’s Froglet was found to always call from within the waterbody, distinguishing them from other sympatric Crinia species. Conclusions The habitat characteristics detailed provide information necessary for the management of Sloane’s Froglet and its habitat. Implications Housing and industrial development is occurring rapidly in Sloane’s Froglet habitat. The information provided here can be used to refine local and state government planning and better design appropriate responses. Indeed, results from this study are currently being used by agencies and environmental consultants when developing conservation plans and in the design of stormwater retention ponds in rapidly urbanising environments.

Balcony usage as a space to achieve human well-being during pandemic COVID-19

ABSTRACT People who lived through the COVID-19 lockdowns have been reported to experience temporary depression, loneliness, and discomfort. Balcony can serve as an accessible place of respite to ease emotional distress when being confined at home. This research aims to systematically study balcony usage and design preference as a space to achieve well-being. It is based on views of apartment dwellers who experienced lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. From literature reviews and surveys, 14 popular balcony activities and 29 balcony design elements were derived and used in a questionnaire supplemented with drawings to best illustrate some of the concept. 505 effective samples (N = 505) were received from Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia and Portugal. Statistical analyzed results showed that Getting sun and air, Gardening, and Watching/Observing the street are the three most preferred balcony activities among these countries. The preferred balcony views, types, enclosures, decorations, and sizes are ranked with Friedman Test and summarized in this paper along with the relevant cultures and lifestyles discussion. The comprehensive findings of this study can offer architects and housing developers valuable insights for making design decision and promote well-being in apartment dwelling balcony design. Ultimately, balcony is an important component in an apartment. It can be used, not only, to reduce feelings of isolation, but also, to conduct social activities and housework during a pandemic lockdown.

Do Where People Interact Matters to Social Capital? Comparative Analysis of Middle- and High-Rise Public Housing

As a growing country, the challenge of providing affordable housing has grown over recent years. Public housing has emerged as a leading government initiative to provide better housing alternatives, especially for low incomes. However, due to the limited land availability, public housing development has shifted from middle- to high-rise housing type. Previous studies have shown that high-rise living can have detrimental effects on low-income residents, especially regarding their social capital. This study explores the interactional spaces within both housing types, their social capital, and whether the former influences the latter. Quantitative analysis was conducted on 255 respondents in middle- and high-rise public housing for low incomes in the Jakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The results indicated some similarities as well as differences in both housing styles. Respondents in both housing types mostly interacted in corridor areas, even though the percentage was higher for the high-rise case. Moreover, while both cases lacked the same social capital indicators, the middle-rise case had a relatively better situation than its high-rise counterparts. Furthermore, it was found that interactional spaces appear to influence their social capital, and the effects were varied for both middle- and high-rise and each social capital indicator. This study concludes that the intensity of interaction within a particular space does not necessarily translate to better social capital.

Disproportionate Increases in Numbers and Rates of Homelessness Among Women in the United States, 2018-2022.

Information about homelessness among women is conflicting. We examined changes in the number and rate of various types of homelessness among females in multiple population groups from 2018 through 2022. We used 5 years of population data (2018-2022) from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). We performed descriptive analyses to examine changes in rates of homelessness over time and differences in rates of homelessness between general and veteran populations. From 2018 through 2022, there were major increases in rates of unsheltered homelessness among females (25.1%) and males (17.3%) in the general population, which outpaced increases in general population birth rates. Although the percentage change in the proportion of females among all people experiencing unsheltered homelessness grew by 4.0%, the proportion of females among all veterans experiencing unsheltered homelessness grew by 26.3%. These findings highlight the growing problem of unsheltered homelessness in the general population. Prevention efforts should be focused particularly on the female, especially veteran female, population.

Unleashed: walking dogs off the lead greatly increases habitat disturbance in UK lowland heathlands

Human population growth is associated with increased disturbance to wildlife. This effect is particularly acute in urban and periurban areas, where the area of effective disturbance extends beyond that of human presence by the roaming behaviour of pet dogs. Dogs are globally the dominant companion animal, with a population of ~ 12 million in the UK. As urban areas extend, dogs are exercised in green space close to housing. In southeast and southern England these areas include lowland heath, a habitat of high conservation value. To quantify disturbance caused by dog walkers and their dogs, we used GPS units to track the movement of people and their dogs across four lowland heath sites, used a questionnaire to ask about dog walking habits, and mapped potential areas of disturbance caused by dog walkers. Questionnaires were completed by 798 dog walkers and the walks of 162 owners and their 185 dogs were recorded. Mean (± SE) walk time was 56 ± 23 min, walk distance 3.75 ± 1.68 km and dogs were a median distance of 20 m from the owner during walks. Dogs were walked once (44%) or twice (56%) a day. Most (always: 85%; always or occasionally: 95%) dogs were walked off the lead even when signs were present requesting that dogs were kept on a lead. This resulted in up to a 21% increase in reserve area disturbed. In one reserve (Snelsmore Common), > 90% of the area was disturbed by dogs, greatly eroding its conservation value. This work highlights the importance of considering how dog ownership can exacerbate levels of disturbance in sensitive periurban habitats when housing developments are planned.

Housing amenity and affordability shape floodplain development

Flood damage has severe and long-term repercussions for households and communities, and continued housing development in floodplains escalates damages over time. Policies and interventions to reduce damage depend on assumptions about housing stock and residents, but assessments of flood exposure to date largely focus on community-scale characteristics at a single point in time, masking potential within-community differences and their evolution through time. We measure residential development in the floodplain nationwide over time to characterize the type and value of U.S. floodplain housing stock and to assess how new development contributes to flood exposure. Over 4M U.S. residences built from 1700 to 2019 (4.8% of all residences built during that time) are located within current regulatory floodplains. These residences are concentrated at the affordable and expensive extremes of the housing value spectrum, reflecting deep differences in the social vulnerability of floodplain residents. Floodplain housing stock often differs substantially from the local market, with coastal floodplains containing relatively expensive housing and inland floodplains containing relatively affordable housing. New housing development has not occurred equally across these contexts. In the past two decades, more floodplain development has occurred in communities with relatively expensive floodplain housing, and mobile home construction in floodplains has slowed. The bifurcated patterns in floodplain housing, across values and geographies, demonstrate the importance of considering the specific population at risk and how it may differ from the broader community when tailoring flood risk management approaches.

Policy Networks in Millennial Housing Development Through Social Media Marketing

Policy Networks in Millennial Housing Development Through Social Media Marketing

Unpacking water governance dynamics and its implications for household water security in post-disaster resettlement communities in the Philippines

Water security is important globally for sustaining households, communities, and the environment. However, most studies have focused on water availability and accessibility, whereas research examining the role of power and politics in shaping water insecurity remains marginal. This study contributes to this research gap by unpacking the overlapping drivers and politics in water governance dynamics that co-produce the water insecurity of Typhoon Haiyan disaster-displaced households in resettlement villages in the Philippines. Using political ecology and water governance perspectives, we ask, What does household water insecurity look like in post-disaster resettlement villages in the Philippines? What are its drivers and how do politics and governance dynamics impact the provision of water services to these villages? Our findings suggest five overlapping drivers: the haphazard relocation of internally displaced persons to areas without access to basic facilities like water; the institutional disharmony and late involvement of water institutions in the resettlement processes; the influence of governance regime in the rapid but substandard housing development, including water distribution systems; the micropolitics in water district management affecting water projects; and the impact of maladaptive resettlement outcomes on households’ capacity to afford water. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how various drivers, including power relations and contestations in water governance, lead to household water insecurity outcomes. It ends by providing brief policy recommendations to improve institutional arrangements for the better governance of water services to resettlement communities.

Summarising the seismic risk reduction processes in standard residential buildings of Yerevan: why don't we have real results?

The article addresses issues of ensuring housing safety. The aim of this work is to summarise the tasks set by the state for seismic risk reduction in Yerevan and to identify their reflection in the process of increasing the seismic resistance of standard residential buildings. The work includes: summarising the seismic risks of the territory of the Republic of Armenia and Yerevan; discussing the current situation of housing development in Yerevan, types of buildings, and possible reconstruction options; analysing the tasks set within the framework of increasing the seismic resistance of residential buildings built during the Soviet era in Yerevan; raising questions about the shortcomings of state policy; and revealing the contradiction between the measures taken in management and the principle of “priority of preparedness over recovery”. It was substantiated that the lack of significant results in the process is due to failures in management, rather than technical, economic, or legal problems. The results can be useful for improving strategies of residential development safety, as well as for fostering a more conscious approach to the problem by the state and society.

Structural disadvantage and HIV risk - comparing risk factors between trans women's partnerships with cis men and trans women sexual partners.

Little is known about differences in HIV risk for trans women by partner gender, particularly with respect to social determinants and partner-level circumstances that affect behavior. We examined differences in demographic, social determinants, and HIV-related risk behaviors for trans women with cis men and trans women sexual partners. Data are from a cross-sectional survey of trans women and their sexual partners conducted between April 2020 and January 2021. Interviews were held remotely during shelter-in-place due to Covid-19 via videoconference. Analysis characterizedassociations between HIV risk and protective behaviors comparing trans women with cisgender men partners to trans women with non-cisgender sexual partners. A total of 336 sexual partners were identified from 156 trans women. Trans women with cis men partners had significantly less education and employment and more incarceration and recidivism than trans women with trans women partners. Trans women and their cisgender men partners had shared experiences of unstable housing, incarceration, and HIV. Trans women with cisgender men partners reported significantly more sex exchange partners, receptive condomless sex, receptive or insertive condomless sex while using substances, and HIV infection compared to trans women with trans women partners. Trans women with cisgender men sexual partners faced higher HIV risk than trans women with trans women sexual partners. These risks may be related to the social and economic drivers that both trans women and their cis men partners faced, including barriers to education and employment, along with incarceration and recidivism. Interventions focused on economic stability, workforce development and post incarceration re-entry support for housing and employment for trans women with cis men partners and the cisgender men partners as well may have the most impact on reducing HIV risk and incidence.

Project Politics in Public Housing in Small Island Developing States: A Case Study of Cost and Revenue

Purpose: This research aims to explore the intricate dynamics of project politics in public housing development within Small Island Developing States (SIDS), with a particular focus on the interplay between costs and revenue. Methodology: Utilizing a detailed case study approach, this paper investigates a specific public housing project in a SIDS, analyzing the political dynamics surrounding its cost and revenue aspects. Findings: The study reveals that political factors significantly influence decision-making processes, resource allocation, and the financial viability of public housing projects in SIDS. Political interference often results in resource misallocation, cost overruns, and inefficiencies in revenue generation. Additionally, patronage and nepotism lead to housing resource distribution based on political favoritism rather than genuine need, undermining the effectiveness and fairness of public housing initiatives. Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: This research underscores the critical importance of addressing project politics to ensure sustainable and effective housing solutions in SIDS. By highlighting the need for enhanced financial viability, transparency, and accountability in public housing projects, this study contributes valuable insights to the theoretical understanding of development politics. It also offers practical recommendations for policymakers to mitigate political interference, thereby fostering equitable and sustainable public housing solutions in SIDS.

LOW-RISE HIGH-DENSITY HOUSING – POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION IN LOCAL CONTEXT, CASE OF NIŠ, SERBIA

<p class="ABSTRACT">Low-rise, high-density housing (further LRHD housing) represents an alternative model for solving contemporary housing issues in urban areas. However this specific typological form is not recognized in local urban planning and legislative frameworks. The aim of this research is to explore the possibilities for development of LRHD housing within local frameworks through the assessment of urban parameters potentially achievable through the application of the pilot Mix-Mesh concept for LRHD housing and their comparative analysis with values defined by local planning regulations.</p>

Expanding Affordable Middle Housing Options in Single-Family Neighborhoods

Problem, research strategy, and findings By examining the Residential Infill Project (RIP) in Portland (OR), this study addressed the ongoing debate on single-family zoning reform, focusing on the effectiveness of legalizing middle housing in expanding housing options in single-family neighborhoods. The analysis revealed a substantial increase in the proportion of middle housing in residential developments in single-family zones, from 13.4% before the RIP implementation to 44.7% in the 2 years after RIP’s adoption. Almost 40% of these post-RIP middle housing permit units were replacements for existing homes. Compared with single-family housing developments, middle housing projects were more likely to be in neighborhoods with greater density, better walkability, and lower income. The RIP broadened middle housing accessibility by allowing their development on non-corner lots, at greater distances to the city center, and in medium-density single-family zones. The RIP’s approach to regulating development density and building size significantly reduced the average size of middle housing units in single-family zones to less than half that of single-family homes. Given the strong correlation between home sizes and prices, it seems reasonable to infer that middle housing units have become considerably more affordable since the enactment of the RIP. Takeaway for practice Eliminating single-family zoning represents an initial step in expanding housing options in single-family neighborhoods. More comprehensive zoning reforms are essential for meaningful improvements in housing affordability and diversity. Cities must reassess and amend zoning codes, particularly development standards, to foster innovation in middle housing development and encourage developers to build smaller homes to lower housing costs.

Transaction costs and innovation outcomes: lessons from early adopters of housebuilding innovations

Purpose This study aims to examine the transaction costs (TCs) involved in searching for a business case to adopt specific walling innovations by housing developers and the influence of these TCs on their adoption outcomes. This is against the backdrop that innovation adoption, like any new venture, is failure-prone but necessary for countries to reap the full benefits of technological innovation in residential developments, especially when these innovations are also green. Moreover, this issue is understudied. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a qualitative design and focuses on the early adopting developers in Ghana. The original theoretical framework integrates theories on entrepreneurial opportunity discovery and TC economics. The authors interviewed 12 developers and 13 industry stakeholders purposively identified. The authors analysed and triangulated the resulting transcripts using thematic analysis techniques. Findings The authors identified two types of early adopters who attempted eight types of walling innovations. Most efforts (71%) were partially successful or failed. The range of TCs identified differed by the adopter type, technology and knowledge coordination strategy. Although the common TCs that were consequential were associated with monitoring and supervision, construction, additional learning, acquiring specialised skills, design change and dispute resolutions, their influence on adoption outcomes is very nuanced. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is among the first to link TCs with innovation adoption outcomes by housing developers in discovering profitable opportunities to adopt specific walling innovations. The findings and theoretical framework lay a foundation for in-depth analyses of the entrepreneurship of innovation adoption in residential real estate. The exploratory work will generate further interest in this area.

Planning Innovation for Implementing Modular Prefabricated Construction in Housing Development in Indonesia Using A Riskbased ISO 56002:2019 Approach to Improve Project Performance

The development of housing in Indonesia, growing rapidly due to urbanization and population growth, faces challenges in terms of land, labor, and housing backlog. Despite being innovative, modular prefabrication methods are limited by unattractive designs and high costs, slowing down construction, harming the productivity of construction companies, and hindering the growth of the national construction sector. These challenges are prevalent in various countries and are influenced by low knowledge, conservative mindsets, and inhibiting regulations. In Indonesia, additional issues include a lack of mastery of modular prefabrication methods and awareness of long-term benefits. This research identified innovative risk-based applications of modular prefabrication with an ISO approach to improve project performance. The methodology employed includes a literature review, a questionnaire survey, and phased expert validation. The study found that out of 38 risk factors based on the 4 processes of implementing modular prefabrication methods, the average risk assessment is high. As a result, 5 innovations are proposed as efforts to reduce risk assessments. The research analyzed data from various literature, resulting in low inter-data connectivity. However, the processes and outcomes of this research can be relied upon for further understanding in subsequent research. This study combined proposed new innovations with those from external literature that have the potential to be applied in Indonesia for optimizing the cost efficiency of modular prefabrication methods.

Urban Housing Typologies Through Modern History

Abstract Urban housing typologies refer to different ways of designing and constructing various types of housing that exist in urban areas. They can be classified by function, form, shape, construction type, and materials. Several residential building models, typologies, and different solutions have emerged with the aim of solving the problems arising from overpopulation. Some of these have succeeded, while others have failed miserably. As the twenty-first century progresses, the world is facing major housing and environmental challenges; the increase of the population and the lack of resources and housing areas constitute a direct threat to human wellbeing, and to the “health” of the planet. This has already started to have a major effect on architecture in general, and on housing design in particular, with new sustainable models and typologies. This paper focuses on the historical development of urban housing, and investigates its shaping factors, and the most important theories and movements which had an impact on urban housing. Furthermore, the paper asks questions about what is driving change in contemporary urban housing design, and what the new directions in the field are, searching for solutions on demand. It also investigates urban housing typologies and classifications and their relations to the surrounding built environment.