Case Study Of House Research Articles

Building energy consumption assessment during and after lockdown: Case study of Malaysian housing

The COVID-19 pandemic caused devastation to society in 2020, forcing people all across the world to alter their lifestyles. During the pandemic, people spent more time at home, and this shift in occupancy can directly influence building energy usage. COVID-19 lockdowns hastened the transition to telework, which many predict will continue. Changes in energy usage during lockdown are thus a significant source for forecasting future energy consumption in buildings. This study aims to measure the effects of the COVID-19 lockout on home energy usage. The energy usage of a seven residential building complex in Johor Bahru, Malaysia before, during, and after the first lockdown phase was compared and analyzed. It was discovered that the initial two months in the lockdown period are the most severe energy consumption due to the tight lockdown measures implemented as reflected in energy consumption patterns. Overall energy consumption for all candidate appliances increased during and after lockdown. Still, the more significant change was that consumption occurred during the daytime rather than focused in the evening as before the lockdown. The findings provide insight into the effect of a lockdown on customer energy costs and how energy utilities may be approached during such an event.

Leadership Challenges in the Context of "Flexible Working" and Its Implication to a Virtual Workplace: Case Study of a China's Publishing House

This research aims to explore what challenges the management leaders face when dealing with flexible working employees in a remote working environment, based on the case of one of China's biggest publishing houses—People's Literature Publishing House. Through primary research that targets the managers and employees of the Publishing House, 63 valid questionnaires were collected. The survey was conducted to testify six pairs of variables, specifically the relationship between leaders' communication (independent variable) and employee performance (response variable), between leaders' mental support and employee performance & psychological health, between the use of technology and leadership effectiveness, and between leaders' promotion of flexible organizational culture and employee performance (e.g. engagement, productivity, creativity). The research findings show that leaders' effective communication, mental support, and promotion of flexible organizational culture are great challenges for leaders to manage the employees who work in the virtual environment and improve overall employee performance. The survey results are of great value to the virtual workplace as leaders should emphasize their skills and abilities to deal with flexible working employees, e.g. empowering, effective online communication, and motivating employees in the remote working environment, etc.

Planning For The Construction of Cikeas River Bridge Wiht-Prestressed Beam Structure Method. of Housing Crv Residence Case Study

Along with the development of the times and technological advances, present a concept that is slightly different from the concept of ordinary reinforced concrete. The combination or active combination of high compressive strength concrete and steel with high tensile strength or prestressed cables produces a concept called Prestressed Concrete. Prestressed concrete is basically concrete in which the internal stresses of a suitable magnitude and distribution are given in such a way that the stresses caused by the external loads are resisted to a desired level. In reinforced concrete bars, prestress is generally provided by pulling the reinforcing steel. In this study, I as a researcher will plan the construction of the Cikeas River Bridge with the Strategic Prestressed Beam Structure Method. Case Study of CRV RESIDENCE Housing, located on Jalan Parpostel Raya, Jatiluhur Village, Jati Asih District, with a land area of 7.5 hectares. On the south side the housing is located in Jatiasih Village area with a land area of 2.3 hectares, and the remaining 5.2 hectares is located in Bojong Kulur Village, Bogor Regency. The two housing sites are separated by the Cikeas River flow. Based on the condition of the housing area which is divided into two, to connect the two areas a connecting bridge development plan is made. In the construction of this bridge it is planned to use strategic concrete which is installed on the bridge girder beam. Since this bridge has a long stretch with a width of 9 meters and a length of 23 meters, the bridge is planned with three supports each with a pedestal distance of 11.50 meters. The reasons and objectives of the writing of the final project Assess the load planning on the bridge structure, study the strategic beam profile planning, and study the planning of Tendon requirements and the location of the Tendon position on the strategic beam The method used in calculating the PCI Girder type prestressed concrete and the Post-tensioning system is based on the design and Calculation of prestressed girder beams (Precast) using the Post-tensioning method is obtained with a beam profile with a height of H = 90 cm and a width of 70 cm with a girder span of 11.50 meters consisting of 2 VSL Ø ½ inch tendons, Uncoated type 7 wire super strands ASTM A- 416 grade 270 with 27 strands and using main reinforcement Ø 13 mm, shear Ø 12 mm, and shear connector Ø 12 mm.

Examining the vintage effect in hedonic pricing using spatially varying coefficients models: a case study of single-family houses in the Canton of Zurich

This article examines the spatially varying effect of age on single-family house (SFH) prices. Age has been shown to be a key driver for house depreciation and is usually associated with a negative price effect. In practice, however, there exist deviations from this behavior which are referred to as vintage effects. We estimate a spatially varying coefficients (SVC) model to investigate the spatial structures of vintage effects on SFH pricing. For SFHs in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, we find substantial spatial variation in the age effect. In particular, we find a local, strong vintage effect primarily in urban areas compared to pure depreciative age effects in rural locations. Using cross validation, we assess the potential improvement in predictive performance by incorporating spatially varying vintage effects in hedonic models. We find a substantial improvement in out-of-sample predictive performance of SVC models over classical spatial hedonic models.

A Framework of Selecting Building Flooring Finishing Materials by Using Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Building materials selection is a critical process affected by many complicated factors. Due to the specific function of elements, alternatives to materials must be appropriately chosen as they differ in quality, performance, and cost. Implementing a Value Engineering (VE) process is challenging as it requires effort and several workshops. Thus, this study proposes a framework to automate the VE process of selecting building flooring material. The framework identified selected agreed criteria of flooring finishing materials measured based on agreed standard tests. The developed framework is distinguished from other current research using a combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Pairwise, and Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) methods to define the criteria ranking weight and include the building function. Furthermore, the framework is integrated with Building Information Modeling (BIM) that has been widely used in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industry (AEC). Finally, a case study of a residential house in Saudi Arabia was used to demonstrate the framework. The proposed framework was verified by using two questioners and expert consultations.

Interior Design of the Residential Architecture Based on Graphic Methods A Case study of Rahimi's house in Garmsar

Interior Design of the Residential Architecture Based on Graphic Methods A Case study of Rahimi's house in Garmsar

Building-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-building concepts toward net zero energy building: A small solar house case study in China

In the future, the number of electric vehicles will increase significantly, promoting the integration of renewable energy into buildings and electric vehicles, which helps to achieve energy greening in transportation and architectural fields. The system includes renewable energy, buildings, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. In this paper, the mathematical model of each system is established, and the electricity consumption of the building and the power generation of PV panels are predicted by the Energyplus software, and the economic evaluation index is proposed. In addition, the research analyses the effect of electric vehicles as electrical vectors in integrated PV panels and storage. The small solar residential data shows that through building-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-building solutions, on-site renewable energy utilization can be achieved, which is also conducive to building a zero-energyconsumption home.

Power Scheduling Scheme for DSM in Smart Homes with Photovoltaic and Energy Storage

This article presents a case study of a single-family house with several photovoltaic micro-installations oriented in different directions, in which the energy electricity storage systems have been operating for several months. In the house, the heat source is the air–water heat pump cooperating with heat buffers. The first photovoltaic installation was installed in 2016 and, in the subsequent five years, was expanded using microinverters. The final amount of energy from photovoltaics covers 50% of the energy demand of the building. The procedure for dealing with technical and economic aspects was presented, allowing us to determine whether it is profitable to install energy storage in the given conditions of energy prices, equipment efficiency, and prices, as well as government support. This paper presents the effects of the designed and built home energy management system that supervises energy storage in heat and batteries, mainly through its impact on the self-consumption of energy from the photovoltaic system and on final costs. Comparative calculations were performed with the demand-side management, which dictated the instantaneous energy costs. Attention was paid to the possibility of obtaining a high self-consumption, but the economic calculations showed that it was not always beneficial. An annual self-consumption increased by approximately one-sixth upon installation of the electrical energy storage system and by one-third from the start of use of the home energy management system. Concurrently, by utilising energy storage in heat and batteries, almost 95% of energy was consumed in the cheapest multi-zone tariff. The impact of inverters and battery charging systems on the power grid is also presented. Often, when the active energy was nearing zero, the capacitive reactive energy was significant.

PERFORMANCE OF BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE IN BUGIS VERNACULAR HOUSING: A CASE STUDY OF JIDA AND LAMMADA HOUSES

Bioclimatic architecture is composed of climate-responsive knowledge in vernacular buildings as an effort to create comfortable conditions. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the application of bioclimatic design to the performance of the thermal environment in one type of Bugis house. The method used is visual assessment and measurement of temperature and humidity in the case studies of Jida and Lammada houses, South Sulawesi. The results of visual observations show the accuracy of the bioclimatic design on the volume and slope elements of the roof; wall type and material; floor height and shade tree layout. The performance of the thermal environment in the living room and bedroom of Lammada house is better than similar rooms at Jida house. The bioclimatic elements that affect the performance of the thermal environment are the volume of the roof, the type and material of the walls and the height of the floor.

Current Evaluation on Generation, Storage, And Disposal of Solid Waste from Tourist Lodging Places in Mokokchung Town : A Case Study of Metsuben, Whispering Wind and Marvel Guest House

Rapid urbanization, population growth and changing consumption patterns in Mokokchung Town contribute significantly to the growing volumes of solid waste. The rate of tourist inflow in Mokokchung Town increases especially during the festive season owing to its culture, religion, history and aesthetic character of the town. Growth in the tourism industry along with ineffective solid waste management practises in the accommodation places and the town has resulted in increasing rates of solid waste production. The present study aims to analyse the inflow rate of tourists and to evaluate the current rate of generation, storage, and disposal of solid waste through empirical study. The study finds out that Mokokchung Town generates 14600 metric tons per year out of this, solid waste generated from tourist accommodation in town accounted for 4088 kg per year i.e., 4.08 Metric tons per year. The study suggests alternative storage and disposal options for tourist accommodation places.

The Cosmic House (a case study of a sustainable Earthbag house) in Jordan

The Cosmic House (a case study of a sustainable Earthbag house) in Jordan

HVAC electricity and natural gas saving potential of a novel switchable window compared to conventional glazing systems: A Canadian house case study in city of Toronto

This paper investigates performance of a novel switchable window to reduce HVAC energy consumption of a typical Canadian house located in city of Toronto. Energy saving potential of the proposed glazing system is compared with highly efficient low emissivity coated double and triple pane static windows with low, medium, and high solar heat gain coefficients. Glazing systems material properties are chosen from LBNL experimentally validated international glazing system data base, (IGDB). EnergyPlus software is used to simulate and predict heating and cooling loads of the house with natural gas furnace and electric coils as the building HVAC system. Considering windows orientation, two operation strategies are developed to enhance performance of the switchable window inter-pane coatings and adjust desired solar heat gain and thermal resistance in winter and summer. Medium and high window to wall ratio effects on glazing systems performance are investigated and the result shows that proposed system significantly reduce building heating and cooling energy consumption. Considering window to wall ratio of 90%, compared to conventional clear single and double pane windows, energy analysis shows that switchable glazing system decreases HVAC annual energy bill by 47% and 33%, respectively.

Novel Dual Walling Cob Building: Dynamic Thermal Performance

This paper emphasizes the experimental and numerical study of new cob mixes used for insulation and load bearing wall elements. The experimental study provides complete datasets of thermal properties of the new walling materials, using cob with density ranging from 1107 kg/m3 to 1583 kg/m3 for structural walls and less than 700 kg m−3 for insulation walls. Various mixes of French soils and fibres (reed, wheat straw, hemp shiv, hemp straw, and flax straw) with different water contents are studied. The lowest average thermal conductivity is obtained for the structural cob mix prepared of 5% wheat straw and 31% of water content. The insulation mix, prepared with 25% reed and 31% water content, has the lowest thermal conductivity. Investigation of diffusivity, density, and heat capacity shows that, when thermal conductivity is lower than 0.4 W m−1 K−1, the decrease in cob density leads to better insulation values and higher heat capacity. Little variation is noticed regarding the density and heat capacity for cob mixes with thermal conductivity higher than 0.4 W m−1 K−1. Furthermore, the non-uniformity of local thermal conductivity and heat losses through the samples is due mainly to the non-uniform distribution of fibres inside the mixes inducing an increase in heat loss up to 50% for structural walls and 25% for insulation walls. Cob thermal properties are used in a comparative simulation case study of a typical house under French and UK climatic conditions. The energy performance of the conventional building is compared to a dual walled cob building, showing remarkable reduction in energy consumption as the cob walls, whilst maintaining comfortable indoor conditions without additional heating.

Generating synthetic occupants for use in building performance simulation

Occupant behaviour simulation frameworks can employ synthetic populations to characterize occupancy and behavioural patterns in buildings based on observed demographic data at a certain geographical location. For buildings, very few synthetic occupant populations have been generated. This paper uses a Bayesian Networks (BN) structural learning approach to synthesize populations of occupants in a multi-family housing case study. Two additional cases of office occupants and senior housing residents are considered as a cross-case comparison. We draw upon the extended version of drivers-needs-actions-systems (DNAS) framework to guide the selection of variables and data imputation. Our results show that the BN approach is powerful in learning the structure of data sets. The synthetic data sets successfully match the joint distributions of the underlying combined data sets. Experiments on the multi-family housing particularly show better performance than the office and senior housing cases.

The effect of climate-responsive design on thermal and energy performance: A simulation based study in the hot-dry Algerian South region

The building sector in Algeria was influenced by French colonisation in terms of typology and materials (in particular, housing sector was the most influenced), but the local traditional architecture is full of forms of harsh climate resistance. The severe hot-dry climate regions are the most affected, due to the high temperature degrees which made the government reducing electricity and gas bills tariff by 65%. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of passive strategies inspired from traditional architecture in hot-dry climate in affecting the energy demand (cooling and heating loads). A typical case study of El-Miniawy housing in Ouled Djellal with adapted passive strategies is analysed through psychometric chart evaluation, in situ measurement campaign and dynamic simulations (EnergyPlus), to understand its thermal behaviour and energy demand, exploring the impact of seven different scenarios with modified passive strategies and parameters. The results show that the actual design temperatures in the typical hottest days are between 30.1 °C and 35.4 °C, while the external temperature is achieving to 47 °C. Moreover, the building consumes 10.43 kWh/m 2 and 19.87 kWh/m 2 for cooling and heating demand respectively. It varies according to the different analysed scenarios. This study can be useful for decision makers and architects in Algeria and abroad, towards the climate-responsive design in housing sector. • Promoting the climate-responsive design in severe climate in term of energy saving. • Adopting a detailed methodological framework to evaluate passive strategies. • Simulating a typical housing in hot-dry climate to validate the model's outcomes. • Drawing attention of architects and decision makers for ideal concepts and results. • Exploring parametric variations of adaptive design model based on dynamic simulation.

The role of complex airflow simulation tools for overheatingassessment of passive houses

Passive Houses are characterized mainly by construction concepts that greatly reduce energy usage during the winter, but that can lead to significant overheating during the hotter summer days. Since in the Passive House concept thermal comfort during the summer mainly relies on natural ventilation to provide indoor cooling, the importance of airflow modeling tools for overheating prediction needs to be investigated. This research analyzes the effect of simplifications commonly made in airflow modeling techniques on the overheating assessment of Passive Houses by collecting measured data and calibrating a thermal model with a Passive House case study. Utilizing the calibrated model, a standalone Building Energy Model (BEM), BEM coupled with an Airflow Network Model (AFN), and BEM coupled with an AFN supported by the wind pressure coefficient values obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation were created. The outcome of each modeling approach was then compared against each other. Results showed that the default infiltration and natural ventilation input values commonly utilized in literature, when compared to those obtained from either the AFN or AFN+CFD, are significantly overestimating the natural ventilation potential of Passive House buildings, resulting in a lower number of overheating hours (39.9% decrease) and inaccurate overheating evaluation outcomes. Therefore, the paper concludes that the use of at least an AFN is necessary when estimating the overheating hours of Passive Houses.

LCA evaluation and Energy performance of a housing building in different technological scenarios

Reaching nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) standards through retrofit can be achieved by adopting controlled procedures and assessment tools. The main issue of operational energy consumption before and after refurbishment should be calculated with reliable predictive models to support investment payback time evaluations. For that purpose, dynamic simulation can reduce the performance gap between simulated and actual performance, however, multiple issues are involved. In the EU Directives, the nZEB framework addresses the operational consumption, which traditionally was the main portion in the building life cycle. However, where nZEB is concerned, the running energy is strongly reduced and embedded energy and disposal assume a higher contribution to the energy life cycle cost. It is worthy to note that LC-ZEBs (Life Cycle Zero Energy Buildings) have been conceptualized more than 10 years ago and the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) approach is now integrated into the most advanced CVEs (Calculation Virtual Environments) to enable a broader evaluation of building energy during the lifespan. The paper presents LCA scenarios for a housing case study located in Italy and Norway where energy saving is regulated and suitable solutions are strongly connected to materials and energy supply contexts.

EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL ASPECT OF ISLAMIC RESIDENTIAL CONCEPTS IN THE SHARIA HOUSING PROJECT

The Republic of Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world. In this country the development of shari’a housing is rapidly increasing, this is due to the demand of the shari’a housing market. To meet the needs of consumers having a house with an ideal Islamic residential concept, some criteria can be applied in developing shari'a housing. Many developers have raised the concept of Islamic housing as a branding of developed housing products, but many housings with that concept have not met all the ideal criteria of the concept of Islamic housing. The ideal Islamic residential concept must meet the ideal criteria including there are two entrances, the separation between the service room and the main room, the separation between the family room and living room for the privacy of the occupants, there are parks and open spaces on the residential lots, there are Islamic-style ornaments or plants, there are shading devices, there are ornaments on the main entrance which are the focal points of the entrance design, natural light and ventilation must be able to reach the entire space, carry the concept of climate response, and meet all applicable housing standards. Based on the evaluation results according to investors and in-depth analysis qualitatively and quantitatively about the application of the concept of Islamic housing in the sharia housing case study shows that in the case of Medina Residence 1 it is sufficiently representative to show the application of the ideal Islamic residential concept criteria. Medina Residence 1 received an evaluation response with an average mean score of 5.381on a scale of 6 or it can be said that 89.68% of the criteria for the concept of Islamic housing have been applied well.

Energy Efficiency Measures Applied to Heritage Retrofit Buildings: A Simulated Student Housing Case Study in Vienna

One pavilion was selected for deep retrofitting from the Otto Wagner area situated in the west of Vienna. The retrofitting process involves sustainable and energy-efficient construction to improve the energy performance and energy production potential of the building while preserving the cultural heritage and significance. This four-story pavilion was re-designed according to the proposed regulations of a net positive energy university building to become a student residence. Architectural, building envelope, and engineering interventions along with various changes were simulated through the Sefaira tool in the SketchUp model. These included: optimization of the U-values of the roof, walls, and floor; the addition of different layers of sustainable energy-efficient insulation materials to decrease the overall energy demand. The specific energy demands for heating, cooling, and lighting were decreased in the proposed model to reduce the total energy use intensity from 248.9 kWh/(m2 year) to 54.3 kWh/(m2 year) resulting in a 78.2% reduction. The main goal of this study is to try and achieve a net positive energy status building as part of the Otto Wagner area by improving the building envelope and integrating renewable energies. A total of 22.5% of the annual energy consumption was generated by the designed PV system. The selected building achieved the passive house standards in Austria by optimizing the energy performance with the proposed energy efficiency measures.

Thermal comfort optimization through bioclimatic design in Mediterranean cities

Background: Bioclimatic design is an approach based on local climate which improves thermal qualities and indoor comfort. Buildings follow this process to minimize negative effects on the environment. However, this approach is still not suitable in developed countries. This study aims to investigate Mediterranean local bioclimatic strategies’ impact on thermal comfort efficiency in housing, by examining architectural elements and treatments. Methods: We adopted a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology, complemented with a software simulation, within a qualitative and quantitative approach. Investigation and methodological tools were based on technical information including plans, elevations, photos, and documentation. The approach consisted of multiple stages: a literature review interpreting the concept of bioclimatic design, as well as thermal comfort variables and common Mediterranean building features. Moreover, the paper showcases three examples of successful Mediterranean passive houses. Furthermore, the paper presents a case- studyhouse in Alex West, Alexandria, designed in the Mediterranean Revival style. Results: The results showed that the most influencing building features on thermal comfort were the low-pitched roofs and the top chimney, which achieved 12.6% and 5% improvement in the summer and 13% and 6.8% in winter, respectively. The pergola and porch elements barely had an effect when placed on the northern façade. However, on the southern façade, a positive contribution in the summer by 1.4% and 3.4% respectively were reported, but a slight negative impact in winter by 0.5% and 2% respectively. Conclusions: We examined the impact of common Mediterranean building features , and compared thermal comfort results between case-study houses. Features focusing on passive design for cooling rather than heating, allowing wind flow for maximized natural ventilation, using ventilated pitched roof spaces, using sun shading elements in the proper facades and angles, help passive thermal regulation. The study proposes recommendations for optimizing thermal comfort in residential buildings in Alexandria, Egypt.