The burgeoning scholarship on civil rights clashes outside the South is not only timely and insightful, but many of these works further complicate and challenge longstanding assumptions about the black freedom movement of the twentieth century. Patrick D. Jones's book contributes to this body of literature by using Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as a case study for advancing this continued conceptualizing and re-examining of the broader movement for racial equality. Alongside Joe William Trotter's Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915–1945 (1985; rev. 2007), Jack Dougherty's More Than One Struggle: The Evolution of Black School Reform in Milwaukee (2004), and Andrew Witt's The Black Panthers in the Midwest: The Community Programs and Services of the Black Panther Party in Milwaukee, 1966–1977 (2007), Jones's work adds to the scholarly girth of the black experience in this particular city, an important and unique industrial hub of the North. One of the strengths of this text is the author's exposition of resistance to fair housing and employment equality by the highest-ranking local government officials—politicians and decision makers who also dominated leading civic institutions. White city dwellers and suburbanites also emerged as oppositional forces, particularly in response to the open housing campaign led by Father James Groppi and the NAACP Youth Council, although Jones emphasizes that the Milwaukee struggle was indeed a biracial one. As a result of Jones's thorough research on the struggle for fair housing, his book offers insight into why “inner cores” across the nation have expanded geographically and why the economies of these regions have become disturbingly depressed. Deeply affected by massive deindustrialization and economic restructuring, many of these areas began their steep decline before or during the very period in which demands for more attention to such socioeconomic trends were loudest.