Housekeeping Workers Research Articles

IJCM_354A: Mental health screening of workers of a tertiary care neuropsychiatry hospital of Delhi

Background: Employee mental health has a significant impact on productivity at work. People who work in healthcare environments are known to be at an increased risk of developing mental health issues. Objective: To assess the psychological distress in housekeeping and sanitation workers of IHBAS hospital Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the housekeeping and sanitation workers of the IHBAS hospital, a tertiary care Neuropsychiatry hospital and Institute. The socio-demographic data of the workers was collected. Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21) were used to assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress among workers. The data was entered and analysed in SPSS 21. Results: A total of 598 workers were screened, of which 50.7% were males and 49.3% were females .63.5% of the workers were in the age group of 31 to 50 years,24.4% were between 18-30 years of age and 12% were more than 50 years of age. The output of K10 scale for psychological distress showed that only 0.2% were likely to have a mild disorder. The analysis of DASS-21 yielded on depression subscale that 0.5% had mild depression, and 0.2% each had moderate and extremely severe depression. On the anxiety subscale, 0.5% had moderate anxiety, 0.2% each had mild and extremely severe anxiety and stress subscale yielded that 0.5% had mild stress, and 0.2% had moderate stress Conclusion: Even though the percentage of workers with mental health problems was very low based on screening with K10 and DASSS-21, it is still worthwhile to screen for and appropriately address mental health issues among hospital employees as part of the occupational health program

Job quality and health conditions in the hotel industry: the case of housekeeping workers

ABSTRACT Following a qualitative research design, the article investigates the world of high-end hotel housekeeping in Milan (Italy). On the one hand, the job quality and its impact on the health of workers are analysed through semi-structured interviews with housekeepers and the oral reporting of trade union officials and union delegates. On the other hand, the changes that occurred in the sector following the Covid-19 pandemic are investigated through semi-structured interviews with key informants. Results show that hotel housekeeping is a low-quality job, which negatively affects the physical and mental health of workers. The pandemic brought to light several negative aspects of the industry, and housekeepers experienced a further deterioration of their working conditions. Measures that could be implemented by hotel groups and cleaning companies to improve the job quality of hotel housekeepers are suggested.

The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, neck and upper limb pain among female house-keeping workers in selected places of Bengaluru

The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, neck and upper limb pain among female house-keeping workers in selected places of Bengaluru

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GRIEF SUPPORT AND BURNOUT AMONG NURSING HOME STAFF

Abstract A half-million older adults die in U.S. nursing homes (NHs) each year. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the experiences of the nursing home (NH) staff who provide this care. This study collected data from 555 NH workers in Fall 2022 and examined how their experiences with grief support affected burnout. Grief support was measured by the Grief Support Health Care Scale. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which includes 3 subscales: exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Findings indicate that 95% of sampled workers were exposed to at least one death at work; yet 31% percent of the sample never received any formal grief training. Examining the comparative dimensions of burnout, the highest percentage of workers with exhaustion and depersonalization ratings were RNs, nurse practitioners, and physicians, followed by CNAs. The lowest ratings of personal accomplishment were by direct support workers (maids/janitors housekeeping and laundry food service workers). Controlling for NH and individual characteristics, multivariate logistic regression showed that compared to workers who received low grief support, those who received high grief support were more likely to report high personal achievement and low feelings of depersonalization (i.e., impersonal response to residents). This research provides valuable information about the importance of grief support for nursing home workers to reduce feelings of burnout. In addition, findings indicate that there is a difference in grief support and burnout between different categories of nursing staff and there is a need to provide increased grief support to frontline workers.

Assessment of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Work Posture amongst the Hospital Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Chennai

Abstract Background: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) ranges from 10% to 60% in an organisation. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence pattern of WRMSDs and the relation of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain/discomfort complaints with posture amongst hospital workers. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done amongst hospital housekeeping workers in a tertiary care hospital. Physical parameters, assessment of musculoskeletal pain by the Nordic MSK Questionnaire and Cornell MSK Questionnaire and analysis of posture using Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS) which identifies posture of back, arms, legs and weight of the load handled during work. Results: The prevalence of WRMSDs in the past 12 months was 198 (87.2%) and in the past 7 days was 155 (63.8%). Maximum MSK pain was reported in knee (136, 59.9%). Multiple sites of pain (3 or more) were also seen in 146 (64.3%) workers. The most common posture associated with pain was walking (100%). Pain did not prevent from doing the work and slightly interfered with their ability. Number of years of work experience had a significant relation to the pain score. Conclusion: Although the majority of the study population fell in the OWAS-second category which has no immediate concern at present, may progress to the third and fourth categories if proper posture correction is not done. If the preventive MSK rehabilitation measures are taken at the earliest, it can help prevent the progression to cumulative trauma disorders.

A Review on the Mental Health of Housekeeping Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a relentless impact on the mental health of people all over the world. As an individual everyone is stronger mentally than they realize, but this situation altered everyone by testing their psychological attributes. To examine this article theme, housekeeping worker’s chief duty is to follow the principles and procedures for COVID which the government has set globally. Apart from taking precautions and isolating themselves, COVID-19 has created enormous physical and mental burdens on all people. The lower income people all over the world have attained severe losses during this COVID. The main objective of this study is to identify the factors influential to the mental health. Several researchers have contributed their insight knowledge to examine the mental strength of housekeeping workers in the pandemic situation and they have also addressed their efforts and continues support for this society.

Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching [VAT] in Terms of Knowledge and Self-expressed Stigma Regarding COVID-19 and its Preventive Measures among Housekeeping Staff at Selected Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana: A Pre-experimental Study

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by newly discovered virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current study is here about Covid-19 and its preventive measures as housekeeping staffs are on the front lines of fighting this global pandemic, as they are responsible for deep cleaning, disinfecting and scrubbing the surfaces and areas that are hosts of potentially dangerous germs and viruses which can widely spread and affect so many lives.
 Objectives: The objectives of the study have drawn to fulfill the research reflecting on the effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching [VAT] regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures in terms of knowledge and self-expressed stigma among housekeeping staff at selected hospital, Gurugram, Haryana.
 Materials and methods: A pre-experimental study with one-group pre-test post-test design was conducted among 100 housekeeping staff by convenient sampling technique in selected hospital, Gurugram, Haryana.
 Results: Among 100 housekeeping staff, 91.66% were having previous knowledge regarding COVID-19, 76% were male and mean age was 54 years of age. Overall, 93 (93%), 7 (7%) and 0 (0%) participants had adequate, moderate and inadequate knowledge regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures and 42 (42%), 58 (58%) and 0 (0%) participants had favorable, moderate and unfavorable stigma related to COVID-19. There was no significant association between the pre-test knowledge and self-expressed stigma regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures with the demographic variables.
 Conclusion: The study found a significant difference in knowledge and self-expressed stigma on COVID-19 and its preventive measures among housekeeping workers in a chosen hospital in Gurugram, Haryana, before and after VAT programme. It was proved that Video Assisted Teaching was effective in teaching COVID-19 and its preventive measures to housekeeping staff in a selected hospital in Gurugram, Haryana. With continuing education, housekeeping staff may become more aware about COVID-19 and reduces the spreading of the diseases.

Work-Related Low Back Pain Among Hotel Housekeeping Workers At Kuala Lumpur

This study aims to identify and analyze the potential hazard and risk that causes low-back pain while cleaning the room and public area of the hotel using risk assessment. The Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) were used in this study to determine potential hazard and risk that causes low-back pain while cleaning the room and public area of the hotel. In identifying the hazard, observation at the workplace, semi-structured interviews, and data from Human Resources Department were used. Five awkward postures from HIRARC using Rapid Upper-Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methods with eighty housekeeping workers working in the respective area used as an input in risk assessment. The result shows that The most critical hazard was making/turning beds and transportation of beds activities where the highest risk can be explained (RV = 9). The risk to lower back and sprain, for example, the results of improper technique for manual handling and the medium-risk category (RV=6) is from mopping the wet floor and laundry activities, struck by the chemical containers that may cause external body injury (i.e., a sprain, torn ligaments or muscles, and broken bones). The low-risk category (RV=3) is collecting/ picking up sharp objects, which can cause back and upper limb pain due to repetition of work. The workers may feel discomfort and body aches. The worker was violent to staff also in the lowest risk category (RV=1). RULA assessment result states that all working postures (100%) have a high-risk level. Assessment of worker's posture is done by filling in the REBA assessment sheet for each activity. In the high-level cleaning activity, the neck is bent, given a score of 5. The upper arm is raised higher than the head, given a score of 4. The neck on the Mopping Wet Floor activity bends down, given a score of 2. REBA scores on were high-level cleaning, making/turning beds/mattresses, mopping the wet floor, transportation of beds, and toilet scrubbing cleaning activities were 13, 11, 12, 11, and 10 means that the posture of the worker's work has high risk to the musculoskeletal disorder.

Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of SARS CoV-2 Antibodies among employees of IMDC and its teaching hospital

Abstract:
 Background:
 Since the emergence of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, it has claimed many lives and global economic losses. Healthcare workers have been the most exposed group in this pandemic. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among the employees of Islamabad Medical and Dental College and its allied hospital Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital.
 Methodology:
 All members of the staff and faculty of Islamabad Medical and Dental College and allied hospital Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital were encouraged to get tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and 294 employees volunteered for the study from 23rd July to 30th July,2020 through Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Immunoassay for the qualitative detection of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and plasma).
 Results:
 Out of 284 volunteers, 87 (30.6%) were SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive, with the mean antibody level in seropositive individuals recorded as 24.4418 ± 25.3494. , housekeeping and sanitary workers were the most affected; 14 (48.3%) were antibody positive, while 15 (51.7%) were antibody negative. After housekeeping and sanitary staff, the second most affected workers were lab technicians (37.1% were positive compared to 62.9% negative). Fever, loss of taste or smell and breathing difficulty were the most significantly associated symptoms with COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence as suggested by the p values 0.003, 0.004 and 0.032 respectively. Out of the 13 PCR positive participants (in the preceding 3 months) 10 (76.9%) showed positive antibody in their serum and 3 (23.1%) had not developed antibodies.
 Conclusion:
 Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was estimated to be high among the healthcare staff (30.6%), with the housekeeping and sanitary staff to be the most affected employees, probably due to the breach of personal protection. Fever, loss of taste or smell and breathing were strongly associated with seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
 Key Words: SARS-CoV-2, antibody testing, Covid-19, healthcare workers

Factors Associated with Willingness to be Vaccinated Against COVID-19 in a Large Convenience Sample.

Willingness and reasons to be vaccinated against COVID-19 were examined among 26,324 respondents who completed a survey on willingness and questions related to Confidence in vaccine safety, Complacency about the disease, Convenience of vaccination, tendency to Calculate risks versus benefits, and Concern for protecting others. Willingness to be vaccinated differed by age (p < 0.001), by race and ethnicity (p < 0.001) and by level of education (p < 0.001). Willingness generally increased with age and education. Asians were most willing to be vaccinated, followed by non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Blacks (p < 0.001). Occupational groups differed in willingness (p < 0.001). Retired and students were more willing than all others (p < 0.001) followed by disabled or unemployed, healthcare workers, and educators. First Responders were least willing to be vaccinated (p < 0.001) followed by construction, maintenance and landscaping, homemakers, housekeeping, cleaning and janitorial workers, and retail and food service. The strongest predictor of willingness was confidence with the safety of the vaccine (r = 0.723, p < 0.001), followed by concern with protecting others by being vaccinated (r = 0.574, p < 0.001), and believing COVID-19 was serious enough to merit vaccination (r = 0.478, p < 0.00). Using multiple regression, confidence in safety was the strongest predictor for all groups. Protecting others was strongest for 13 of 15 demographic groups and 8 of 11 occupational groups. College educated, non-Hispanic Whites, first responders, construction, maintenance and landscape workers, housekeeping, cleaning and janitorial workers all gave greater weight to complacency about the disease. These results can help in designing programs to combat vaccine hesitancy.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10900-021-00987-0.

A population-based genomic epidemiological study of the source of tuberculosis infections in an emerging city: Shenzhen, China

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) in emerging cities is often a disease of recent immigrants, and understanding this epidemiology is crucial for designing effective control and prevention strategies. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective population-based genomic epidemiological study of culture-positive pulmonary TB patients diagnosed between June 2014 and November 2017 in the Bao'an District of Shenzhen, a Chinese city with dramatic recent growth. After whole genome sequencing, transmission clusters were defined as strains differing by no more than 12 SNPs. FindingsOf 1696 culture-positive TB patients, 93•8% (1591/1696) were migrants, with 51•6% (821/1591) employed in housekeeping or unemployed. Of the 1460 migrants with known residence time, 47•7% (697/1460) developed TB within two years after arriving in Bao'an. Only 12•2% (207/1696) of Bao'an isolates were in genomic clusters, indicating that recent transmission was not the primary cause of TB in Bao'an. The isolates’ median terminal branch length was 56 SNPs, more than could have accumulated since the arrival of the migrants in Bao'an. The migrants’ isolates had genotypic distributions similar to those in their home provinces. One strain isolated in Bao'an belonged to a clade circulating in the patient's home province, providing further evidence that the strains were brought to Bao'an with the migrants. InterpretationTB in the Bao'an District is principally caused by reactivation of infections acquired by migrants in their home provinces. Nearly half developed TB within two years after arriving in Bao'an, suggesting a need for increased TB screening of migrants, especially housekeeping workers and the unemployed. FundingSanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen; National Science and Technology Major Project of China; Natural Science Foundation of China.

Effectiveness of video assisted teaching on respiratory protection for housekeeping workers during COVID-19 pandemic

Effectiveness of video assisted teaching on respiratory protection for housekeeping workers during COVID-19 pandemic

Effectiveness of Structured Training Programme on Infection Control Measures among Housekeeping Workers in Selected Intensive Care Units at Tertiary Hospital

Background: The prevalence of hospital acquired infections (HAI) varies widely across the globe. Worldwide, it is estimated that almost 10% of the hospitalised patients acquire at least one HAI. Infection control practices are simple measures to be used in the care of all patients at all times to reduce the risk of infection transmission. It is noted that housekeeping workers are at high risk of toxic waste exposure and many of them do not receive any induction training. It is therefore important for them to be trained and educated regarding infection control measures. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of structured training programme on infection control measures in terms of knowledge and practice among housekeeping workers and to find association of knowledge regarding infection control measures with selected variables among housekeeping workers. Methods and materials: The study was conducted on 31 consenting housekeeping workers who met the inclusion criteria of ICU at tertiary health care facility. Baseline knowledge and practices were assessed following which structured training programme on infection control measures was conducted. Knowledge post-test was assessed immediately while knowledge and practices were assessed again after 15 days of intervention. Results: Significant improvement in knowledge from pre-test to posttest 1 (p<0.001) was recorded, while there was a decline in knowledge scores in post test 2 from post test 1 (p<0.001). The practice scores showed significant improvement after intervention (p<0.001). Conclusion: Structured training programme was effective in improving the knowledge and practice of housekeeping workers regarding infection control measures.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and quality of life in housekeeping workers of a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai, India: A descriptive study

Context: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in India is 90%, leading to loss of working hours, poor quality of life (QoL), and reduction in productivity of the life of the employers. Housekeeping profession, considered a major workforce industry, requires manual labor demanding awkward postures and repetitive movements, leading to MSDs and impacting QoL. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of the symptoms of MSDs and QoL in the housekeeping workers of the hospital. Settings and Design: A descriptive study was carried out among housekeeping workers of MGM Hospital, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: With Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) and WHO-QOL-BREF scale, 82 housekeeping workers were contacted, and an interview-based session was held. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive analysis and graphical representation were carried out using MS Excel. Results: Of the participants, 68.29% were females with a mean age of 42.28 ± 7.4 years, and 31.70% were males with a mean age of 42.04 ± 8.3 years. The prevalence of the symptoms of MSDs was higher in knees followed by lower back and lower leg. Females (80.36%) were affected more than males (61.54%). WHOQOL-BREF for QoL showed a moderate impact without much gender difference. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a high prevalence of the symptoms of MSDs in housekeeping staff, more likely in the lower back, knee, and lower leg, and WHO QOL-BREF shows comparable mean scores among males and females.

Care For America's Elderly And Disabled People Relies On Immigrant Labor.

As the US wrestles with immigration policy and caring for an aging population, data on immigrants' role as health care and long-term care workers can inform both debates. Previous studies have examined immigrants' role as health care and direct care workers (nursing, home health, and personal care aides) but not that of immigrants hired by private households or nonmedical facilities such as senior housing to assist elderly and disabled people or unauthorized immigrants' role in providing these services. Using nationally representative data, we found that in 2017 immigrants accounted for 18.2percent of health care workers and 23.5percent of formal and nonformal long-term care sector workers. More than one-quarter (27.5percent) of direct care workers and 30.3percent of nursing home housekeeping and maintenance workers were immigrants. Although legal noncitizen immigrants accounted for 5.2percent of the US population, they made up 9.0percent of direct care workers. Naturalized citizens, 6.8percent of the US population, accounted for 13.9percent of direct care workers. In light of the current and projected shortage of health care and direct care workers, our finding that immigrants fill a disproportionate share of such jobs suggests that policies curtailing immigration will likely compromise the availability of care for elderly and disabled Americans.

Morbidity profile among housekeeping workers in a tertiary care hospital, South India

Background: Housekeeping staff play an important role in maintaining the health and hygiene in the hospitals. The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that more than 125 million workers are victims of occupational accidents and diseases in a single year. Each year an estimated 2.2 million men and women die from work related injuries and diseases and 160 million cases of new diseases arise globally. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of existing morbidities among housekeeping workers at a tertiary care hospital in South India.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken in a private tertiary care hospital in south India for a period of one year (2017 September – 2018 September). Housekeeping workers who had work experience of more than one year in the current work place were enrolled in the study (n=168). The health of the workers was assessed to pick up the prevalence of various morbidities.Results: In the study population majority 133 (79.2%) were females and most of them 117 (69.64%) were in the age group of 30-49 years. There was statistically significant difference between work tenure and hypertension and diabetes (p&lt;0.05). The common morbidities found among the study population was dental carries 111 (66.0%), pallor 24 (14.0%) and musculoskeletal disorders 20 (11.9%).Conclusions: Periodic examination and immediate corrective measures are advisable to protect the health of employees at risk. Stress management principles can be implemented to enhance physical and mental health. There is need for safety training program for housekeeping workers in the hospital.

Development and Utilization of Female Labor Force in Rural Areas in Guizhou During Economic Transformation Period—— A Survey of 10 Villages in Guizhou in 2016

Under the background of national economic transformation, in order to make Guizhou's vast rural women labor force better adapt to economic and social development and change. We conducted a household survey to investigate the total number of female labor force in 800 households in 10 villages in the rural areas of Guizhou Province, a total of 1008 people. From the survey of rural women's labor force, the situation of the rural women's labor is stable, the family business is mainly engaged, and most of the outgoing business work is the company type, with the majority of the provincial housekeeping workers, the legal consciousness is generally weak. As a result of multi industry labor, per capita income is much higher than that of the whole country and Guizhou province.

Patterns of mortality by occupation in the UK, 1991–2011: a comparative analysis of linked census and mortality records

SummaryBackgroundDetailed assessments of mortality by occupation are scarce. We aimed to assess mortality by occupation in the UK, differences in rates between England and Wales and Scotland, and changes over time in Scotland.MethodsWe analysed adults of working age (20–59 years) using linked census and death records. Main occupation was coded into more than 60 groups in the 2001 census, with mortality follow-up until Dec 31, 2011. Comparable occupation data were available for Scotland in 1991, allowing assessment of trends over time. We calculated age-standardised all-cause mortality rates (per 100 000 person-years), stratified by sex. We used Monte Carlo simulation to derive p values and 95% CIs for the difference in mortality over time and between England and Wales and Scotland.FindingsDuring 4·51 million person-years of follow-up, mortality rates by occupation differed by more than three times between the lowest and highest observed rates in both men and women. Among men in England and Wales, health professionals had the lowest mortality (225 deaths per 100 000 person-years [95% CI 145–304]), with low rates also shown in managers and teachers. The highest mortality rates were in elementary construction (701 deaths per 100 000 person-years [95% CI 593–809]), and housekeeping and factory workers. Among women, teachers and business professionals had low mortality, and factory workers and garment trade workers had high rates. Mortality rates have generally fallen, but have stagnated or even increased among women in some occupations, such as cleaners (337 deaths per 100 000 person years [95% CI 292–382] in 1991, rising to 426 deaths per 100 000 person years in 2001 [371–481]). Findings from simulation models suggested that if mortality rates by occupation in England and Wales applied to Scotland, 631 fewer men (95% CI 285–979; a 9·7% decrease) and 273 fewer women (26–513; 6·7% decrease) of working age would die in Scotland every year. Excess deaths in Scotland were concentrated among lower skilled occupations (eg, female cleaners).InterpretationMortality rates differ greatly by occupation. The excess mortality in Scotland is concentrated among low-skilled workers and, although mortality has improved in men and women in most occupational groups, some groups have experienced increased rates. Future research investigating the specific causes of death at the detailed occupational level will be valuable, particularly with a view to understanding the health implications of precarious employment and the need to improve working conditions in very specific occupational groups.FundingNone.

Needle stick and sharp injuries (NSSIs) among housekeepers in a Saudi hospital: An intervention study

Needle stick and sharp injuries (NSSIs) are a risk factor for blood-borne infections in healthcare facilities, yet they are preventable occupational hazards for health care workers. We estimated the frequency of NSIs among housekeeping workers compared with other healthcare workers and evaluated the effect of preventive measures to reduce these injuries in housekeeping workers. The study was conducted in one Saudi Arabian hospital in 2011. NSSIs were analyzed retrospectively and an intervention for housekeepers that included 43 sessions of education and increased resources and supervision was implemented in 2012. Evaluation measures included monitoring sharp disposal compliance, reports of improperly disposed sharps, use of heavy duty gloves, Hepatitis B vaccination, and the frequency of NSSIs during 2012 and 2013. Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were used for comparison between groups and pre-post intervention. In 2011 NSSIs rates were 17.8% for housekeeping staff, 3.7% for nurses and 1.3% for doctors, although injury frequency varied by department. Also, 15% of housekeepers were immune to HBV and 21% used heavy duty gloves during waste management. During 2012and 2013 NSSIs rate dropped significantly to 9.6% and 2.7% and HBV immunization increased to 78.1% and 100%; respectively. Heavy duty gloves usage improved to 100%. Improper sharp disposal reports decreased from 15.1% in 2012 to 5.5% in 2013. Sharp disposal compliance improved from 35.6% to 78.1% in 2012 and 2013; respectively. Continuous training of housekeepers about proper sharps disposal is the responsibility of infection control team. However, continuous monitoring along with continuous training programs and resources adequacy is needed to maintain this improvement.

PENGATURAN ORGANISASI KERJA HOUSEKEEPING DENGAN PENDEKATAN ERGONOMI DAPAT MENURUNKAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL, KELELAHAN, DAN MEMPERCEPAT WAKTU KERJA

This study aims to approve that the reschedule of housekeeping work shifts based on ergonomics may decrease musculoskeletal disorders, decrease fatigue level, and increase work speed. The reschedule of Housekeeping work shifts conducted by adding more housekeeping workers when cleaning the rooms. The housekeeping formerly was cleaned each room by himself and now scheduled to work by two people, so the task may be shared both. The hotel didn't needed to add new housekeeping workers, just need to reschedule the existing housekeeping, so that the hotel does not need to incur additional costs to conduct work shift with this ergonomic approach.&#x0D; The research model is design experimental treatment by subject design. The data of musculoskeletal disorders and fatigue level was collected by using a questionaire. The data of work speed was collected by using direct observation to 10 housekeeping workers in Natya Hotel - Bali, as a sample that randomly selected. The tests were conducted using normality test and significancy test with SPSS for Windows 16th version.&#x0D; The results showed that the mean of musculoskeletal disorders in the first period was 57.6 ± 2.59 become 27.1 ± 2.47 in the second period (p &lt; 0.05) or decrease by 36.31%. The mean of fatigue level in the first period was 60.5 ± 2.55 become 27.7 ± 3.23 in the second period (p &lt; 0.05) or decrease by 36.44%. The work speed average in the first period was 21.12 ± 0.06 minutes, while the second period was 13.08 ± 0.03 minutes (p &lt; 0,05) or increase by 23.52%.