Household Waste Research Articles

Melon seed shell synthesis N, S-carbon quantum dots as ultra-high performance corrosion inhibitors for copper in 0.5 M H2SO4

This work reports on the preparation of N, S-CQDs from melon seed shell, a common household waste that can inhibit the corrosion of copper in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. Additionally, by varying the preparation time and preparation temperature, the effects of N, S-CQDs on the capacity of copper to resist corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution were compared. It was also used to prove its inhibitory effect on copper in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution by a series of test methods. The corrosion inhibition rate of N, S-CQDs was 99.66 % and 99.87 % when the N, S-CQDs prepared at 160 ℃ for 6 h and 200 ℃ for 10 h were added. The results indicate that the corrosion inhibition rate of N, S-CQDs increases with increasing preparation time and temperature. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and ATR-FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) were used to describe the composition and functional groups adsorbed on the surface of copper. N, S-CQDs' corrosion inhibition property was demonstrated by using an AFM (Atomic force microscope) and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) to examine the corrosion surface morphology. Using the Langmuir adsorption model, it was found that the corrosion of copper was inhibited by both physical and chemical adsorption. A number of experimental findings demonstrate that preparation temperature and time impact the degree of carbonization, size, and functional group content of the N, S-CQDs, which in turn influences the corrosion inhibition of the N, S-CQDs. By means of heteroatom adsorption and surface structure, N, S-CQDs generate new chemical coordination bonds on the copper surface, thereby forming a protective layer, reducing the interaction between copper and 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, and generating a corrosion inhibition effect.

Global household infectious waste management strategies: a systematic review

Global household infectious waste management strategies: a systematic review

Fabrication and Characterisation of Sustainable 3D-Printed Parts Using Post-Consumer PLA Plastic and Virgin PLA Blends

Sustainable manufacturing practices are becoming increasingly necessary due to the growing concerns regarding climate change and resource scarcity. Consequently, material recycling technologies have gradually become preferred over conventional processes. This study aimed to recycle waste polylactic acid (PLA) from household-disposed cups and lids to create 3D-printed parts and promote sustainable manufacturing practices. To achieve this, the current study utilised virgin and post-consumer PLA (PC-PLA) (sourced from household waste) blends. The PC-PLA wastes were shredded and sorted by size with the aid of a washing step, resulting in a filament with a 1.70 ± 0.5 mm diameter without fragmentation or dissolution. A 50:50 wt.% blend of virgin PLA (vPLA) and PC-PLA was selected as the standard recycling percentage based on previous research and resource conservation goals. The study investigated the impact of three 3D printing parameters (layer height (LH), infill density (I), and nozzle temperature (NT)) on the quality of 3D-printed parts using a three-level L9 Taguchi orthogonal array. The findings revealed that blending PC-PLA with vPLA led to significant improvements in tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 18.40%, 8%, and 9.15%, respectively, compared to those of recycled PLA (rPLA). This conclusion was supported by the investigation of the fracture surface area, which revealed fractographic features associated with printing parameters, such as plastic deformation and interfilament debonding. An ANOVA analysis revealed a positive influence of a greater layer height and high nozzle temperature on mechanical properties. Subsequently, the optimal printing parameters (LH: 0.3 mm, I: 100%, and NT: 215 °C) were determined using the S/N ratio, and a confirmation test using the optimum printing parameters exhibited a strong correlation with the statistically predicted outcomes. Finally, the study used optimum printing parameters to fabricate 100% PC-PLA 3D-printed parts, demonstrating their potential for low-strength applications. The findings suggest that employing vPLA and PC-PLA blended filaments for fabricating 3D-printed components presents an effective means of promoting plastic recycling within a closed-loop recycling system and achieving a circular economy.

Bioaerosol Exposure during Sorting of Municipal Solid, Commercial and Industrial Waste: Concentration Levels, Size Distribution, and Biodiversity of Airborne Fungal

A study was carried out in a waste sorting plant (WSP) located in France, treating dry recyclable household waste (DRHW) as well as dry recyclable commercial and industrial waste (DRCIW). Stationary and personal inhalable samples were collected in the WSP in order to investigate bioaerosols (sampling on a filter; 2 L/min and 10 L/min) and airborne dust (CIP; 10 L/min). The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which the measurement of concentration, species composition, and particle size distribution contributes to a better assessment of the biological risks associated with exposure. The results confirmed that waste and waste sorting activities are sources of airborne fungi. Indeed, ambient concentrations ranged from 7.3 × 103 to 8.5 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 for culturable fungi and up to 4 mg/m3 for dust. Personal exposure to inhalable dust was found up to 3 mg/m3 for dust and ranged from 8.6 × 103 to 1.5 × 106 CFU/m3 for fungi. Airborne fungal communities were found to be dominated by the Penicillium genera in both bioaerosols and settled dust samples, followed by the Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Wallemia, Mucor, and Rhizopus genera. Fungi were carried by particles of aerodynamic diameters, mainly between around 2.0 and 10.0 µm. The findings dealing with size distribution and biodiversity of bioaerosols suggest that employees are exposed to complex bioaerosols during their work and help to make a finer diagnosis of the risks involved, which is often difficult in the absence of any occupational exposure limit (OEL) value for bioaerosols in general.

ENGINEERING PREPARATION OF THE SOIL BASE FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF THE DERHACHI SOLID WASTE LANDFILL

After conducting engineering and geological investigations, it became necessary to provide scientific support for construction in terms of engineering preparation of the soil base for the foundations of the structures due to extreme unsustainability in the plan and depth of the rocks. Such engineering-geological conditions significantly impact the choice of foundation structures and the justification of measures to reduce or eliminate the negative effect on the environment and the development of dangerous geological processes and phenomena. We thoroughly studied the deformation and strength properties of the supporting soil layers and developed recommendations for their engineering preparation and improvement of the indicators. Bulk soil is present in local depressions: construction debris, sand, and compacted loam. Based on the analysis of physical and mechanical properties, we could conclude that this soil cannot be used as a soil base for the foundations of buildings due to its loose composition and enrichment with organic substances and must be completely replaced during the production of earthworks. They can be used as a basis for laying engineering networks. After excavation pits for individual columns, before setting up the preparation, it is necessary to carefully inspect the soil foundation to ensure that it is the same engineering and geological element specified in the project. The soil base of the foundations is redeposited subsidence loess loams, which have mostly lost their subsidence properties, but local inclusions with subsidence properties have remained in the thickness of these soils. If there are lenses of soils in the soil base with indicators of physical and mechanical characteristics that are lower than those adopted in the project and that have a thickness of less than one meter, they should be removed and replaced with sand or sand-crushed soil with layer-by-layer compaction and compaction quality control. Doing so will create the same soil conditions for the building foundation. The performed scientific and technical support of the construction made it possible to choose a method of technical soil reclamation—partial replacement of weak soils with sand and crushed stone, which, after layer-by-layer compaction, can withstand a significant load and stability under vibrational influences. Keywords: landfills, solid household waste.

Implementasi Smart Green Kids Sebagai Penolah Sampah di SDN Cabe Ilir 3 Pondok Cabe, Tangerang Selatan

The Smart Child Green Kids program was implemented to educate elementary school students as an effort to reduce the amount of waste. Elementary school students were chosen because it was deemed necessary to provide early education to children as a group that could be formed in an effort to instill values, attitudes and skills in waste management. Households are one of the biggest contributors to waste, especially because the behavior of household members often throws rubbish carelessly or throws rubbish into rivers. The reasons for this include, among other things, people's lack of understanding about the types of waste and efforts to manage household waste. This Community Service activity aims to strengthen children's competence in sorting and disposing of waste according to type. The solution offered is to transfer knowledge through workshops in schools.

CHARACTERISATION OF MACRO-PLASTIC WASTE ALONG THE PHILIPPINES' LONGEST COASTAL BOULEVARD: BASIS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLICY FORMULATION

This study focused on the characterisation of macro-plastic waste in terms of types and quantities along the Philippines' longest coastal boulevard, considering density and cleanliness as a basis for solid waste management and policy formulation. Macro-plastic identification and counting were conducted in four (4) municipalities and eight (8) barangays using the standing stock survey method. There were six (6) types of macro-plastic waste, with the highest quantity consisting of beverage (37.2%) and food packaging (30.5%), followed by fishing gear (17.0%), plastic utensils (9.2%), toiletries (4.8%) and household wastes (1.4%). The computed overall density from a total of 3,978 macro-plastic waste items over 12,000 m2 of beach area sampled was 0.3 (CM), meaning there were 0.3 litter items of plastic per m2 throughout the whole boulevard. The computed overall beach cleanliness was 6.6, which means that the cleanliness status is moderate. Overall, most macro-plastic waste is generated by locals or visitors. In conclusion, a policy regulating the use, littering, and carrying of plastic along boulevards is recommended to prevent plastic pollution considering the province's growing ecotourism and the future expansion of the coastal boulevard.

Analisis Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sampah Level Rumah Tangga di Kalurahan Baciro, Kota Yogyakarta

The city of Yogyakarta is one of the contributors to waste at the Piyungan TPST. Waste production in the City of Yogyakarta in 2021 will reach 327 million tons per day with the largest composition of waste being household waste by 55.2%. Baciro Urban Village is one of the sources of waste with a volume of waste generated of 28.57 m3 per day. This study aims to determine the implementation of household waste management in Baciro Village before and after the Zero Inorganic Waste Movement Program policy, factors related to success and obstacles, and the relevance of waste management implementation to health conditions in Baciro Village. The research approach used is a mix method in the form of a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative analysis was carried out simply by interpreting the data from the questionnaire results in the form of percentage graphs. The results of data processing and analysis show that Baciro Sub-district has implemented the Circular Letter from Pj. Mayor of Yogyakarta Number 660/6123/SE/2022 regarding the Zero Inorganic Waste Movement and succeeded in reducing the final amount of waste disposed of at TPST Piyungan. The existence of the Zero Inorganic Waste Movement Program has brought better development in household waste management in Baciro Kalurahan. The existence of this program has increased community empowerment and the implementation of the waste bank has been able to be monitored to the JSS (Jogja Smart Service) system. However, there are still challenges in terms of regeneration and the contribution of the younger generation. The inhibiting factors of the waste management process are the limited land and waste sorting bins, while the supporting factors for success are if there is sufficient land available and there is an increase in socialization or counseling regarding waste management. The problem of limited land in the implementation of waste banks poses a risk of decreasing public health.

Readiness For Household Scale Waste Composting: Waste-Knowledge Management

The Surakarta City Government faces many obstacles in implementing the waste management system, especially household waste. These problems include waste management sites that are no longer able to accommodate waste (overload), low public awareness of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS), weak sanitation management institutions and human resource capabilities. This research was conducted to determine the basic knowledge of the Surakarta City community regarding household waste management so that it can become a benchmark for waste handling in the future. The method used is descriptive and analytical and the respondents are 100 residents from five districts in Surakarta City. Data was collected through interviews with a questionnaire guide, observation, and recording, followed by analysis using descriptive statistics. The readiness level of 59.8% indicates that the people in Surakarta are ready to adapt to the conditions needed to achieve Knowledge Management readiness in household-scale composting. Counseling to improve waste processing skills for Surakarta residents can be carried out as an option to reduce waste from the main source of waste engagement.

Utilization of Various Wastes in Maggot Cultivation AsLivestock Feed in Kamang Magek District, Agam Regency

Kamang Magek District is one of the sub-districts located in the eastern part of Agam Regency. Many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are developing in Kamang Magek District, several UKM and farmer groups produce various by-products of organic waste which often become environmental problems. In addition to MSME waste, there is also household waste and market waste which often cause environmental pollution. These wastes can be used as feed for maggot development. Maggot cultivation apart from being a solution to environmental pollution is also a good source of protein for poultry feed which can increase livestock productivity. The community problems encountered in Kamang Magek District are the large amount of organic waste that pollutes the environment, the low productivity of livestock and the income of farmer groups. Community service is carried out through lectures, discussions, socialization of science and technology and demonstrations of how and how to apply maggot as animal feed. The Community Service was held in the BPP Hall of Kamang Magek District attended by 15 duck breeders, chicken breeders and catfish breeders selected by BPP Kamang Magek District. Based on the discussion results, more than 75% of breeders only provide feed in the form of rice bran and household waste residue and only 15% of breeders provide feed in the form of self-formulated feed using corn, bran and concentrate purchased at the poultry shop and 10% of breeders provide concentrate feed that has become the result of a feed factory formulation. Of all the breeders, there are no breeders who use maggot as feed for their livestock, this is because there are no breeders who have succeeded in cultivating maggot even though they have tried several times but failed. Based on the results of discussions with participants, breeders are interested in developing maggot cultivation because of the large amount of waste used as maggot feed as a cost-efficient solution for duck or chicken feed.

Growing crisis of urban rat infestation in Karaj city, Iran: Insights from hotspot mapping and social network analysis

To control the increasing growth of rat populations in metropolitan areas, several factors need to be considered to mitigate the risks posed by rats. Identifying rat density hotspots with more efficient methods and assessing people's experiences and attitudes toward them can be useful in prioritizing rat control efforts. We focused on the two most common species of rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) in the metropolis of Karaj, the fourth most populous and the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran. The urban rat infestation is one of the problems caused by the high population growth in Karaj and the insufficient development of urban infrastructure and waste collection. It has led to discontent and public concern about rat infestations and there is a need to address the associated threats. We applied the Kernel Density Function and Optimized Hotspot Analysis to the presence points of the aforementioned types of rats and found that while Optimized Hotspot projects a macro view of hotspots at the city level, the Kernel Density Function prioritizes neighborhoods for initial actions. In addition, social network analysis with complementary regression models was conducted to determine people's experiences. The results show that fear of rats and concern about their presence form the basis of people's attitudes toward rats and lead to feelings of hatred. Moreover, economic harm reinforces people's motivation to control or eliminate this species. Despite their unpleasant feelings toward rats, people have a great influence on the growth of rat infestations by creating food sources through improper waste disposal. They prefer to use traps and poison instead of disposing of household waste and following the principles of cleanliness as preventive measures and believe that the lack of proper garbage collection by the municipality is the most important reason for the growth of rat populations. They are not sufficiently aware of their position in addressing this crisis. Our findings argue for the formation of a stronger network between the relevant authorities and residents, especially those living in the hotspots, to educate them about their role in rat control and to gain their cooperation in improving the city's waste management system.

Waste self-heating bag derived CoFe2O4 composite enhances peroxymonosulfate activation: Performance, mechanism, and adaptability under high-salinity conditions

In order to achieve the environmental goal of waste treatment by waste, waste self-heating bags, a common household waste rich in iron oxide, activated carbon, and vermiculite, were reutilized as the raw material for the one-pot fabrication of a CoFe2O4 composite (CoFe2O4-CV). The performance, mechanism, and application potential of CoFe2O4-CV for high-salinity wastewater remediation were investigated. The results indicated that the presence of activated carbon and vermiculite promoted the dispersion of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which enhanced the catalytic performance of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. At a concentration of 0.1 g/L CoFe2O4-CV and 0.5 mmol/L PMS, > 99% of RhB was eliminated within 15 min. CoFe2O4-CV also exhibited splendid recyclability due to its strong magnetism and stability. Quenching experiments and spectroscopic studies showed that dissolved free sulfate radicals (SO4•-), surface-bound SO4•- (≡SO4•-), singlet oxygen (1O2), and high-valence metal-oxo species (≡Co(IV)=O/≡Fe(IV)=O) jointly contributed to RhB degradation. Non-radical pathways involving ≡SO4•-, 1O2, and ≡Co(IV)=O/≡Fe(IV)=O also played a crucial role. Moreover, ion competition experiments indicated that the CoFe2O4-CV activated PMS system showed anti-interference ability towards humic acid and high-concentration anions. Thus, the CoFe2O4-CV/PMS system achieved the effective removal of RhB and other dye contaminants under high-salinity conditions. This work demonstrates the practical possibility of waste reutilization treating high-salinity wastewater based on an advanced oxidation process.

Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Diarrhea in Children Under the age of 5 years at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Western Uganda

Three or more loose stools per day, or more frequent passages than is typical for an individual, are considered diarrhea. In addition to rapidly resulting in dehydration, diarrhea can negatively affect a child's growth and cognitive development. Since children have a larger surface area and lose fluids more quickly, diarrhea can lead to dehydration and mortality as well as long-term consequences like malnutrition. Even though the majority of diarrhea episodes in children are minor, acute occurrences can cause significant fluid loss and dehydration. If fluids are not replaced as soon as diarrhea appears, this might lead to death or other serious effects. Fortunately, diarrhea is curable and preventative. In this study, the causes of diarrheal illnesses in children under five who are patients at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital were evaluated. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. It employed both quantitative and qualitative research techniques for gatheringand analyzing data. Youngsters under the age of five who experienced diarrhea within the six months before to the study were examined. There were 241 in the sample. Children under five who visit Hoima Regional Referral Hospital have a moderately high prevalence of diarrhea. The age range of 1-3 years old, having an open spring or well as a water source, and discarding household waste within the compound have all been linked to an increase in the occurrence of diarrhea. While caregivers could accurately advice regarding preventive measures, their understanding of the proper treatment of severe diarrhea was lacking, particularly with regard to dehydration. Therefore, in order to reduce the high rate of diarrhea in children under five, the government should make it very easy for people to access safe water. Health education programs focusing on these aspects should also be strengthened in order to train caregivers in home management, which will effectively and sustainably contribute to a reduction in child mortality. Keywords: Dehydration, Diarrhea, Health education, Child mortality, Children

Strategy to Reduce the Impact of Food Waste Through Environmentally Friendly Household Waste Management in Bojonegoro Regency

Food waste is a description of people’s behavior regarding consumption patterns that are not in accordance with daily needs. The negative impacts caused by food waste behavior have become a world issue, including: food crisis, water and land pollution, and global warming. Global warming occurs partly due to food waste which accumulates in large quantities which produces methane gas, thus forming greenhouse gases. This greenhouse gas then triggers global warming. Therefore, this research aims to identify the types of waste produced by households and analyze strategies for reducing negative impacts due to food waste behavior in Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research location includes 4 villages in Bojonegoro included Sembung, Bangilan, Pilang Gede, and Kenep. The method approach used is quantitative. The conclusion of the results of this research shows that organic and inorganic waste in the villages of Bangilan, Sembung, Kenep and Pilang Gede is dominated by purchasing processed food activities, Purchasing children’s equipment and Purchasing clothes/fashion. The implementations of waste management are a good strategy for sustainable environmental conditions in the four villages such as rethink, refuse, reduce, reuse, rot and recycle strategies, however, in overcoming environmental problems, consistency and mutual support between parties is needed.

The Influence Of Altruism, Environmental Concern, And Social Influence On Purchase Intention for Eco-Friendly Clothing Products: Study of Generation Z in Greater Jakarta

Indonesia is responsible for the generation of approximately 2.3 million tonnes of textile waste, which accounts for approximately 12% of the total household waste produced in the country. The emergence of a multitude of eco-friendly clothing brands in Indonesia is indicative of the growing development of the eco-friendly fashion industry in the country. There have been expressions of concern pertaining to the variables that contribute to the inclination to acquire environmentally friendly textile products. The objective of this research is to assess the influence of altruism, social influence, and environmental concern on the purchasing intentions of Generation Z towards environmentally friendly clothing within the Greater Jakarta area. The methodology employed for data collection involved the distribution of a questionnaire to a sample of 188 Generation Z consumers residing in the Greater Jakarta area. Subsequently, the collected data was subjected to analysis utilizing the SPSS software and a multi-regression analysis technique. The findings of the study indicate that purchase intention is significantly influenced by altruism and environmental concern, whereas social influence does not have a significant impact. One potential consequence of this finding is the potential for the environmentally conscious clothing industry to advance through more effective marketing campaigns aimed at bolstering customer purchase intention. This study is able to provide practical insights for businesses, with a specific focus on the production of environmentally sustainable clothing items.

The role of general and specific pro-environmental education in household waste management in Malaysia: Evidence from quantile regression

This study uses integrated behavioral model as the guiding framework to examine the role of general and specific environmental education in promoting household pro-environmental behavior. The data collected from a convenience sample of 213 household representatives using self-administered questionnaires were analyzed using OLS and quantile regressions. The results show that specific knowledge, intention, and salience of behavior have positive effects on pro-environmental behavior, while environmental constraints have negative effects. The effects vary across different quantiles of pro-environmental behavior, which imply that different emphasis and strategies should be placed based on different levels of pro-environmental behavior to encourage such behavior. The result of the joint effect of general and specific environmental knowledge shows that specific knowledge is a significant factor of pro-environmental behavior, but not general environmental knowledge. Intention becomes more important in encouraging pro-environmental behavior as the gap between general and specific environmental knowledge widens. The overall result suggests that different strategies should be designed and implemented based on different levels of behavior in encouraging household pro-environmental behavior, especially for those with low-level of pro-environmental behavior but with high intention as they require improved specific environmental knowledge and skills, support and facilities, and recognition of their pro-environmental behavior.

Manajemen Lingkungan dan Pengolahan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Minyak Jelantah menjadi Nilai Ekonomi di Kelurahan Kalibaru

Kalibaru Village is a lowland area which has relatively hot temperatures located in Bekasi City. Sub-optimal waste management in Kalibaru Village can have a negative impact and various environmental problems such as flooding, worsening environmental sanitation, decreasing organic content in the environment, and accelerating global warming. In addition to public awareness that is still low not to throw away used cooking oil resulting from food processing, it also has a great potential to pollute the environment. But not only awareness is needed by the community but also programs that can overcome this pollution by converting household waste and used cooking oil into economic value. Seeing the problems in Kalibaru Village in environmental management, a work program can be developed that refers to the waste bank program. Of course, to realize this, it is necessary to have cooperation between universities and the community, it is hoped that this work program can create a cleaner, more beautiful and healthier environment. The stages that will be carried out related to the implementation of Community Service include the Observation & Focus Group Discussion stages (Phase 1). At this stage, a direct observation is carried out to analyze the situation and conditions of partners. Evaluation of advanced programs that are in line with waste management through waste banks and waste cooking oil processing has economic value. Stage 2, namely developing a waste bank program, aims to change people's behavior in handling waste and used cooking oil (reduce reuse recycle concept). By separating the waste, this waste has economic value. Stage 3, then converting waste and used cooking oil into having economic value and turning waste into input for environmental improvement and developing the scalability of waste banks to be able to manage waste even better and be able to sustain it.

Solid dan liquid kompos untuk mendukung pangan lestari di Gampong Bueng Pageu Kecamatan Blang Bintang Aceh Besar [Solid and liquid compost to support sustainable food in Bueng Pageu Village, Blang Bintang Sub-District, Aceh Besar

The purpose of the service is to support the realization of sustainable food in Bueng Pageu Village, Blang Bintang Sub-District, Aceh Besar District. The activity is through increasing the capacity of farmers and PPLs with the technology of making solid and liquid compost easily and simply. The method used is a field school that involves the participation of farmers and PPLs directly who were previously given training on the technique of making solid and liquid compost and how to use it. The results of the activity showed that there has been an increase in the knowledge capacity of farmers in the manufacture and application of solid and liquid compost fertilizers reaching 52.87%. The decomposition process in producing solid compost takes 4 weeks, the results obtained are around 1200 kg with a potential economic value of Rp. 3,120,000 and 50 L of liquid compost with an economic value of Rp. 1,750,000. Making compost from agricultural waste and household waste can increase the community's revenue while overcoming health problems and environmental aesthetic value.

HIGHLY EFFICIENT ONION PEEL ASH CATALYST FOR DEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE

Methylene blue is a dye commonly used by the textile industry. However, its presence in textile effluent poses significant risks to human health and water resources. Various environmental technologies have been developed to remove this refractory pollutant from contaminated effluent. However, those techniques have limitations, such as high operational costs and use of unsustainable resources. In this study, the efficacy of an ash catalyst derived from household waste, namely onion peel waste, for degrading methylene blue was evaluated. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of magnesium oxide, MgO, (528.00 ± 40.00 ppb) as one of the primary elements in onion peel ash, crucial for methylene blue degradation. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis identified an absorption band at around 871 cm-1, indicating the presence of MgO in the onion peel ash. The findings revealed that onion peel ash degraded methylene blue with an 84% (0.00616 min−1) degradation rate under sunlight and a 95% (0.00578 min−1) degradation rate under UV-lamp exposure. This research suggests that onion peel ash holds promise for effectively degrading methylene blue in textile effluents, offering a sustainable solution for addressing environmental concerns associated with textile dye pollution.

Pengolahan Limbah Organik Pasar Sayur Kota Metro Sebagai Media Kultur Maggot Hermetia Illucens Melalui Pot Biokonversi Bagi Peternak Ayam Skala UMKM

This activity aims to explore the effectiveness of applying organic waste from the Vegetable Market in Metro City as a medium for Hermetia Illucens maggot culture, as well as to determine the ecological and economic impacts of the activity on small-scale poultry farmers in Metro City. The community service was conducted using the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method. Several points were obtained from the conducted community service: first, the discovery and dream phase involved educating and socializing the potential of organic waste as a maggot cultivation asset, as well as formulating the desired targets. Second, the design and define phase aimed to formulate program activities to achieve the targets, including determining the timing, location, and necessary equipment. Third, the destiny phase included the implementation of the community service, which involved education and practical activities such as hatching maggot eggs, making larva maggot breeding boxes, sorting and fermenting organic waste, and constructing a production house. Based on the monitoring conducted, challenges were found in the form of predator attacks such as rats, chickens, and green flies on the maggot egg hatching containers. Evaluation was carried out by creating special containers equipped with lamp lighting and using netting as covers for the containers. Challenges were also found in the aspect of maggot growth, where the utilization of organic waste from the Metro City vegetable market was not sufficient to maximize growth. Therefore, evaluation was conducted by mixing organic waste from the Metro City vegetable market with household waste generated by each partner of the community service. Education and mentoring in the management of organic waste from the Metro City vegetable market have impacted the community's perspective on viewing organic waste as a valuable asset and their skills in managing waste as a medium for maggot cultivation.