Household Waste Management System Research Articles

Social Life-Cycle Assessment of Household Waste Management System in Kabul City

The present study constitutes the first social life cycle assessment (SLCA) study in Afghanistan and aims at assessing the social performance of the waste management system (WMS) of Kabul city. The system boundary considered includes households generating the waste, the sanitation department of Kabul city, scavengers, recycling shops, the recycling factory, and the local community living in its vicinity. Compared to previous SLCA studies that consider one stakeholder per organization, we distinguished between the manager and the worker level for each organization. In total, eight stakeholders, 90 inventory indicators, and 20 impact subcategories were investigated. Results show three main social issues: the overwork of scavengers, recycling shop owners and recycling factories’ workers and managers, the absence of communication and implication of the local community, and the poor cleanliness of the surroundings of the recycling factory and collection points. At the sanitation department, managers were found facing more psychological stress and overwork than workers, demonstrating the current isolation of the department inside Kabul’s local government. It seems nonetheless possible to improve Kabul’s WMS by redesigning the location of garbage bins and conducting communication campaigns towards consumers and the local community. That would help to minimize the nuisances associated with the handling of waste and to integrate better waste management activities into the socio-economy of Kabul city.

Expert-analytical estimation of environmental safety of solid household waste handling processes

One of the key indicators of regional development is environ- mentally safe handling of waste including household waste. Solving the problems in this domain requires the creation of an efficient household waste management system. A mechanism for solving this problem was proposed in this study. In contrast to the existing ones, it comprehensively takes into account the formation of environmen- tal hazards at all stages of the waste handling life cycle and substan- tiates and identifies priorities of obligatory management measures to be taken at local, regional and national levels with their qualitative and quantitative expert estimation. The study of waste hierarchy performed according to the Di- rective 2008/98/EC by the hierarchy analysis method has made it possible to determine not only the priorities of the measures en- suring environmental safety of SHW handling process but also the significance of measures at each stage. According to the calculations, contributions to the overall risk amounted to 46.15 % for disposal, 24.02 % for recycling, 10.95 % for neutralization, 10.95 % for genera- tion, 5.14 % for collection and 2.79 % for transportation.Assessment of the factor characteristics has made it possible to find out that the handling conditions whose contribution is 54.95 % of all factors require the greatest attention during danger generation. Effectiveness of implementation of the measures ensuring nor- mative environmental safety can be ranked as follows: 60.22 % for the local level, 22.55 % for the regional level and 17.23 % for the national level. The study has found that the formation of awareness, conscien- tiousness, and rational consumption is the most effective measure of ensuring environmental safety making up 27.55 % among the thirteen measures assessed. Application of the proposed method will ensure making groun- ded managerial decisions not only for the whole system of household waste handling but also for each of its stages: from waste generation to its operation. This method is quite simple to use and can be applied at the national, regional or local levels.

Household Waste Management System Using IoT and Machine Learning

IOT and machine learning based household waste management system for Green smart society are aimed to make management of waste from the every apartment of the society more efficient using the most upcoming technology IOT. This paper discusses the collection and decomposition of waste in the smart way so that benefit from the waste is maximized and the actual waste is minimized efficiently. This paper focus on the segregation of the waste at two levels: the first level of segregation is on the individual house of the society and the second level of segregation is at the society. Author, discuss the recycling of the biodegradable waste for making compost. The machine learning technique such as KNN is used to generate an alert message for various combinations of three sensor values like level of bio and non biodegradable waste,concentration of poisonous gas. The overall impact of this research is in the upliftment of the green technologies by reducing pollutants, conserving, resourcing and reusing the energy through the use of technology.

Study of Influence of Social-Economic Development of Territory on the Quality of Service for Population on Municipal Waste Collection and Disposal

The problem of coverage of the population by services of waste removal in the cross section of regions and the connection of this indicator with economic and social aspects of human activity has been considered. The regions are compared, the dynamics of changes of the index by years is analyzed. The dependence of coverage of services on the number of employees in the field of waste management and on the level of financing of the sphere of waste management is analyzed. These figures are found to vary significantly and there is no correlation between the number of employees or the amount of waste management system financing and the increase in the level of service provision in the region. The reasons, of the imperfections of the household waste system collection and removal are identified. The importance of correctly determining the level of waste collection services coverage for the proper waste collection subsystem organization is characterized. The study of correlation between indices of human development in the countries of the world and the index of coverage of the population by services for removal of household waste is conducted. It is found that there is a direct correlation between the indicators for individual countries. Based on the obtained model, the validity of the indicator for the regions of Ukraine is analyzed. It is determined that the values of the population coverage of waste collection for the regions do not fit into the model obtained. Assumptions have been made about the inaccuracy of public data on waste collection services in the regions of Ukraine. Waste management system in the regions of Ukraine, in particular with regard to waste collection, is currently characterized by the imbalance of development and insufficient accuracy of the indicators, and needs concerted action and measures to optimize it to ensure proper collection of municipal waste at the regional level, as well as to create an effective information and analytical system to monitor the state of the household waste management system. It is concluded that the improvement of the waste collection system should be one of the highest priorities at the local level to reduce the risk of negative impact on human life and health, the environment, etc.

KAMPANYE ZERO WASTE SEBAGAI GAYA HIDUP PADA MAHASISWA DAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI JATINANGOR (ANALISIS SITUASIONAL DAN RENCANA SOLUSI)

The Community Service activities that will be carried out in the 2019/2020 academic year are aimed at developing Jatinangor community awareness, especially students and housewives, to manage waste in the principle of Zero Waste. The methods to be used are counseling, poster distribution, and recycling socialization. Based on situational analysis, it is known that the Jatinangor sub-district is a vast educational area, experiencing very rapid progress as indicated by the high frequency of physical development. However, the economic improvement experienced by this region was not matched by good governance, including the household waste management system. The participation of local governments and educational institutions cannot be said to be adequate. The high level of waste production and negative behaviors regarding the relationship with cultural behavior. To overcome this, a more serious and intensive educational effort is needed to change the mentality of individuals and the community of Jatinangor, in order to minimize the production of personal and household waste by applying the Zero Waste principle through 5 R: “Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rot” in everyday life.

Knowledge and practice of a water village community in household waste management: appraising current problems and future recommendations

Unsystematic household waste management in water villages could have adverse effects on the surrounding marine ecosystem. This study is conducted to evaluate the knowledge and practices regarding household waste management in Tanjung Aru Water Village, Sabah, Malaysia. Using a survey approach, data was obtained from the use of a guided questionnaire administered to 62 respondents. The average score of knowledge is 8.35 ± 1.73 which is moderate while the highest average percentage for practice is 57.3% which is the good practice. The contributing factors to household waste mismanagement in this area were the knowledge and practices of the villagers, and the ineffective household waste management system. The implication of this research is that the waste management system should be tailored to the nature of the settlements. Future waste management system should incorporate effective household waste system, intensive monitoring and enforcement, continuous education on household waste management, property tax and community engagement.

Knowledge and practice of a water village community in household waste management: appraising current problems and future recommendations

Unsystematic household waste management in water villages could have adverse effects on the surrounding marine ecosystem. This study is conducted to evaluate the knowledge and practices regarding household waste management in Tanjung Aru Water Village, Sabah, Malaysia. Using a survey approach, data was obtained from the use of a guided questionnaire administered to 62 respondents. The average score of knowledge is 8.35 ± 1.73 which is moderate while the highest average percentage for practice is 57.3% which is the good practice. The contributing factors to household waste mismanagement in this area were the knowledge and practices of the villagers, and the ineffective household waste management system. The implication of this research is that the waste management system should be tailored to the nature of the settlements. Future waste management system should incorporate effective household waste system, intensive monitoring and enforcement, continuous education on household waste management, property tax and community engagement.

Pattern Of Perception And Public Participation In The Management Of Household Waste And Waste Banks In The District Of East Denpasar, Bali Province

Efforts to reduce of waste generated by the community requires awareness, participation and cooperation among stakeholders. Denpasar Government implement strategies to manage waste handling and hygiene can be handled in each region. This step requires the integration between the systems of waste management, legal framework and clear support to be able to walk well, effectively and efficiently. On one hand, the management of solid waste management, especially those involving real role of the community, not separated from the support of government, private sector and society itself. This study was designed using descriptive analysis of qualitative and interpretative. Data was obtained through data collection techniques. Interpretative with reference to the theory and frame of mind, in order to obtain an understanding of the data in accordance with the purpose of research. Data that have been collected from questioner lets further processed and analyzed by using Likert scale and then draw conclusions, resulting descriptive data to observe the household waste management system based Waste Bank in East Denpasar District. In principle, it was observed that the principle of the 3R (reduce, reuce, and recycle) has been applied substantially in the management of household waste bins bank based in East Denpasar District involving the community. The role of the community looked to their participation in the environmental clean-up activities, including composting, bio-pore and willingness to be come a member of waste bank. The results showed that (1) the perception of the community in the management of household waste is categorized as good with an average score of 3,83 (2) community participation in the management of household waste bank-based garbage in both categories with an average score of 3,68, then used as a basis in determining strategies for the management of household waste bank based in East Denpasar District.

Multi-method assessment of household waste management in Geneva regarding sorting and recycling

Policymakers apply various policy instruments to meet the objective of resource conservation in the framework of waste policy. The cantonal waste policy of Geneva implements this objective by focussing on sorting of household waste for recycling. Cantonal and municipal authorities use incentive instruments and a mix of infrastructural and persuasive instruments to develop waste sorting for households. However, they have so far failed to reach the objective of a recovery rate of 50% for household waste in Geneva. This study assesses recycling and sorting practices for household waste in Geneva as basis for the formulation of a new improved strategy. This interdisciplinary assessment combines a policy evaluation of the household waste management system over the period 2002–2013 with a situation analysis of the current household waste management practices through a SWOT analysis by using triangulation as the method of data collection. The results of policy evaluation show the effectiveness of incentive instruments (e.g., incineration tax) in encouraging the Genevan municipalities to implement and improve sorting infrastructures and services. Moreover, they demonstrate that a combination of infrastructural (e.g., collection points) and persuasive (e.g., awareness raising campaigns) instruments is effective for enhancing the Genevan household waste sorting practices under certain conditions. The situation analysis identifies the significant internal and external factors that have a positive or a negative influence on household waste sorting and recycling in Geneva. The outputs of the policy evaluation and situation analysis serve to formulate a strategy that is adapted to local specificities. This strategy highlights the necessity for policymakers to avoid unnecessary duplication of the sorting system among the stakeholders and the importance of national authorities for creating framework conditions to encourage the implementation of recycling sectors.

Assessment of Soil Fertility Management Practices under Small Holder Systems in Kafin Madaki Area Bauchi State

The study was carried out to assess the soil fertility management practices under small holder systems in Kafin Madaki area, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Farmlands managed under long fallow, medium fallow and combine fertilizer and household waste were carefully selected during reconnaissance survey. Topographic view shows that both of the farmlands are nearly level and well drained. The farmlands are used in the cultivation of maize, millet, beans, groundnut and beniseed during rainy season and grazing of ruminant animals during dry months. Each of the farmland was divided into 3 grids and within each, a total of 3 surface samples (0-10cm depth) were taken using stratified random sampling. The samples taken from a grid were thoroughly mixed to form a composite sample. A portion of the 9 composite samples were taken to laboratory for routine analysis. Mean difference and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were tested. The result shows that among all variables tested only TN and AP shows significant difference. However, the mean values of the positive variables (such as clay, N, P, Ca, Mg, ECEC, and total bases) were both higher in magnitude in soil managed under combine fertilizer and household waste. Conversely, the mean magnitudes of the negative variables (such as sand, Na, and exchangeable acidity) are higher in short and long fallow system while the optimum variable (such as pH) is at its optimum in the former. Increase in TN, AP and other positive variables in combine fertilizer and household waste management system is an indication of increased in fertility quality, and it may be attributed to the type of inorganic fertilizer (NPK 20-15-15 and NPK 15-15-15) and the bulk of organic materials been applied. Therefore for sustained agricultural productivity and food security, management of soil fertility based on the combine application of fertilizer and household waste is recommended. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n26p107

Concept of human error in an integrated household waste management system

Rizici od gresaka zaposlenih na raznim nivoima u organizaciji i sprovođenju veoma odgovornih zadataka u oblasti upravljanja komunalnim otpadom su veoma izraženi. Mogucnosti za zastitu od otpada rastu u skladu sa razvojem ekoloske odgovornosti. Industrijalizacija je uticala na povecanje nastajanja otpada, koji postaje svetski problem, a u narednom periodu bice jedan od prioriteta za resavanje. Javljaju se nove tehnologije za upravljanje otpadom, a proizvođaci otpada otkrivaju nove mogucnosti primene recikliranih materijala.

Household waste management for a peri-urban area based on analysing greenhouse gas emissions for Jimei District, Xiamen, China

This study aims to find the generation characteristics of household waste (HW) in a peri-urban area and establish an optimal HW management system to improve inhabitants living environment and for energy saving and pollution abatement. Jimei District, Xiamen, was chosen as a case study and 10 representative communities were selected as study areas. Questionnaires and a field survey were applied to investigate the characteristics of peri-urban area HW generation. After combining the results for communities of different urbanisation levels, representative communities were classified into three groups. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the current HW management system and a proposed integrated management system were compared. The results show that the integrated HW management system would achieve greater energy savings and GHG mitigation. Emissions from HW management in the lowest urbanised communities remained highest. However, the relationship between emissions and community urbanisation level was not completely linear. Finally, three kinds of integrated management strategy for HW generated from different community groups are proposed and suggestions given to establish an optimal integrated HW management system for peri-urban areas.

Source separation of household waste: A case study in China

A pilot program concerning source separation of household waste was launched in Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, China. Detailed investigations on the composition and properties of household waste in the experimental communities revealed that high water content and high percentage of food waste are the main limiting factors in the recovery of recyclables, especially paper from household waste, and the main contributors to the high cost and low efficiency of waste disposal. On the basis of the investigation, a novel source separation method, according to which household waste was classified as food waste, dry waste and harmful waste, was proposed and performed in four selected communities. In addition, a corresponding household waste management system that involves all stakeholders, a recovery system and a mechanical dehydration system for food waste were constituted to promote source separation activity. Performances and the questionnaire survey results showed that the active support and investment of a real estate company and a community residential committee play important roles in enhancing public participation and awareness of the importance of waste source separation. In comparison with the conventional mixed collection and transportation system of household waste, the established source separation and management system is cost-effective. It could be extended to the entire city and used by other cities in China as a source of reference.

Household Waste Management in Mashad: Characteristics and Factors Influencing on Demand for Collecting Services

In order to characterize household waste management system in Mashad (Northeast of Iran) and evaluate factors which affect on demand for waste collecting services, a field survey was conducted. One hundred ninty eight families were selected according to classified randomized sampling system and data on their socio-economic characters including home area, type (apartment versus other types) and tenure (private versus rental), education, separating solid and organic wastes, family size and income were gathered using questionnaires and direct interview. Results showed that three variables including staying at home during day, home type and family size explained 21% of variations of demand for waste collecting services. The study emphasized on components of pricing and economic motivations as well as education and socio-economic factors for decreasing of household waste production. Suggestions have been presented for improving the efficiency of waste management system in Mashad.

Impact assessment of urban waste processing systems using a multibox model

A set of 14 household waste management system scenarios have been ranked according to the environmental impact of their respective refuse outputs. Each system has been characterized by the annual release of 8 chemical elements, namely: S, Cl, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb. The method relies on the determination of a load factor, which is defined as the ratio between the actual pollutant concentration and the accepted norm for this concentration. These figures are calculated via a three box model, where the three boxes are air, water and soil. The model considers the pollutant output from each scenario, the dilution or accumulation in each box as well as dry deposition from air to water and soil. The pollutant load factors are then aggregated in order to obtain a score. These scores allow a final scenario grade to be determined, which can then be used to rank the various scenarios. The final grades are strongly dependant on the presence of deposition terms as well as on the values chosen for the individual pollutant concentration norms, whereas they are reasonably independent of all other parameters.