Household Physical Activity Research Articles

Differential Associations of Walking and Cycling with Body Weight, Body Fat and Fat Distribution - the ACTI-Cités Project

Background: Research on the associations between walking and cycling with obesity-related phenotypes is growing but relies mostly on the use of BMI. The purpose of this study was to analyze associations of walking and cycling behaviors assessed separately with various obesity markers in French adults. Methods: In 12,776 adult participants (71.3% women) of the on-going NutriNet Santé web-cohort, we assessed by self-report past-month walking and cycling (for commuting, errands and leisure), and obesity measures were taken during a visit at a clinical center (weight, height, waist circumference, and percent body fat by bioimpedance). Results: In analyses not taking into account other types of physical activity (household, leisure), walking more than 2.5 h/week was associated in women with lower weight (-1.8 kg), waist circumference (-1.7 cm) and percent body fat (-1.1%) (all p < 0.001). Cycling more than 1.5 h/week was associated in men and women with lower weight (-4.3 and -1.4 kg, respectively), waist circumference (-4.4 and -2.1 cm, respectively), and percent body fat (-2.5 and -1.9 % respectively) (all p < 0.001). Results were unaltered when analyses were further adjusted on household and leisure physical activity. Conclusion: These results show important differences between walking and cycling in their association with obesity markers in men and women. These findings provide some evidence for the need to consider separately walking and cycling when designing public health measures for prevention of obesity in adults.

Physical activity and the risk of malignant breast cancer development in women

Introduction. The role of physical activity in preventive healthcare constitutes a subject matter of numerous research. In fact, it was proven that physical effort has an impact on lowering the risk of some neoplasms.Aim. The aim of the paper was to assess the influence of physical activity on the increase or a decrease of odds ratio for developing breast cancer in women.Material and Methods. The research included healthy women and women diagnosed with breast cancer on the basis of biopsy material or surgical intervention. The research involved 850 women, aged 21–84.Results. Increased physical effort during household duties and physical activity in patients with breast cancer presented as follows: 1102.61 MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) for passive rest, 3803.47 MET for household duties, and 1971.54 MET for physical activity. On the other hand, in subjects with no change in the breasts the study indicated the following results: 1024.05 MET for passive rest, 4150.97 MET for domestic activities and 1651.46 MET for sports activities.Conclusion. Medium and high physical activity associated with household duties decreases the risk of breast cancer development. In order to lower the risk of developing breast cancer in women, active lifestyle should be promoted in terms of physical effort within medium physical activity, i.e. 600–1500 MET.

Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Occupational, Leisure-Time, and Household Physical Activity, and Diabetes in Adulthood.

Regular physical activity is a key way to prevent disease. However, we have a limited understanding of the socioeconomic precursors and glucoregulatory sequelae of engaging in physical activity in different domains. We examined the associations among life course socioeconomic disadvantage; meeting the physical activity guidelines with leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity, or household physical activity; and prediabetes and diabetes in the Midlife in the United States national study (N = 986). Childhood disadvantage was associated with lower odds of meeting the guidelines with leisure-time physical activity (odds ratio = 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.86). Adulthood disadvantage was associated with higher odds of meeting the guidelines with occupational physical activity (odds ratio = 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.49-2.53). Importantly, while meeting the guidelines with leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower odds of prediabetes and diabetes, we found no evidence for associations among occupational physical activity, household physical activity, and glucoregulation. Current US physical activity guidelines do not differentiate between physical activity for leisure or work, assuming that physical activity in any domain confers comparable health benefits. We documented important differences in the associations among lifetime socioeconomic disadvantage, physical activity domain, and diabetes, suggesting that physical activity domain potentially belongs in the guidelines, similar to other characteristics of activity (eg, type, intensity).

Introducing MyHouse Activity and MyWork Activity: A Paradigm Shift towards Lifestyle Physical Activity Supported by Evidence from a Focus Group Study

The importance of exercise has long been substantiated as a means of preventing chronic diseases while improving quality of life. Most Canadians adults (85%) do not obtain at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each week, as advocated by the current Canadian PA guidelines. In physical activity promotional efforts, it may be important to consider a different perspective on which physical activities meet these guidelines. The purpose of this study was to examine people’s beliefs, outlooks and attitudes towards physical activity and exercise. In phase I of this study, qualitative methods with phenomenological underpinnings were used. Facilitated group discussions were conducted with 234 adults from 13 diverse focus groups regarding their opinions, attitudes, outlooks, and beliefs on exercise versus physical activity. Using the transcriptions from phase I, a research-generated survey was designed by three content experts and administered to participants of the same community groups in phase II of the study to quantify feedback from phase I. Over 300 Canadian adults, ages 18 and older, provided questionnaire responses. More than 80% of the men and women preferred to meet their physical activity needs through household or lifestyle physical activities rather than structured or planned exercises. Furthermore, these men and women thought engaging in physical activity was a more natural, realistic and enjoyable part of their day than exercise. Additionally, most of these men and women think Canada’s guidelines for physical activity can be achieved through physical activity alone. Given the overwhelming preference for lifestyle physical activities, emphasizing household and work activity, leisure, and active transportation as valuable methods to the current physical activity guidelines may be prudent.

Domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to colon and rectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer, but most epidemiological studies have focused on occupational and recreational physical activity. The evidence for other domains of activity, and for sedentary behaviour, is limited. Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 2015 for studies examining domain-specific physical activity or sedentary behaviour and the risk of colon and/or rectal cancer. We extracted maximally adjusted relative risks (RRs) except when RRs not adjusted for body mass index, were also presented. We used random-effects meta-analysis to compute pooled RRs comparing the highest versus the lowest level of exposure. We used meta-regression to assess sources of heterogeneity in estimates. We identified 17 cohort and 21 case-control studies, of which 17 had occupational data, 23 had recreational data, three each had data on transport and household physical activity domains, and 6 studies had data on occupational sedentary behaviour. The pooled relative risks (RRs) for colon cancer were 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67, 0.82) for occupational activity, 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.89) for recreational activity, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.98) for transport-related physical activity, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.02) for household physical activity, and 1.44 (95% CI: 1.28, 1.62) for occupational sedentary behaviour. For rectal cancer, the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.98) for occupational activity, 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.01) for recreational activity, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.12) for transport-related physical activity, 1.01 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.27) for household physical activity, and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.28) for occupational sedentary behaviour. In addition to increasing occupational and recreational physical activity, promoting physical activity during transport and reducing sedentary behaviour in the workplace may also be useful colorectal cancer prevention strategies.

Physical activity domains and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in the MCC-Spain case-control study.

BackgroundEvidence for a protective role of physical activity against development of stomach cancer is yet inconclusive. We studied the association of domain-specific physical activity and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), by site and histology, in the MCC-Spain case-control study.Methods428 histologically confirmed GAC cases (67% men) including the gastro-esophageal region and 3225 controls were included. Cases were recruited in hospitals from 10 different Spanish regions, whereas population controls were randomly selected within the respective hospitals' catchment areas. A physical activity (PA) questionnaire was used to gather information on household and recreational activities, allowing estimation of PA volume (in metabolic equivalents (MET)-min/week). Participants also reported the intensity of working PA and daily sitting time. Questionnaire data on diet, lifestyles and clinical variables including Helicobacter pylori serology were available. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) of GAC were estimated for domains of physical activity, stratifying by sex, site (cardia vs. non-cardia), and Lauren classification (intestinal vs. diffuse).ResultsHousehold physical activity (HPA) showed a strong inverse association with GAC, observed for both cardia and non-cardia tumours. Risk of overall gastric cancer was 50% lower risk among participants in the highest HPA category (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.38, 0.66). Recreational physical activity (RPA) was also associated with lower overall GAC risk (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.88), particularly at moderate levels of intensity such as walking (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.79). The protective effect of RPA was strongest for non-cardia tumours. Sedentary time was not related to GAC risk (p-trend = 0.392), but the potential protective effect of RPA was restricted to non-sedentary participants.ConclusionsBoth household and recreational physical activities were independently related to lower GAC risk in the MCC-Spain study.

LIFETIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH CSF AMYLOID IN COGNITIVELY ASYMPTOMATIC APOE ɛ4+ ADULTS

Research has shown that the association between leisure-time physical activity and amyloid deposition in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not differ between APOE ɛ4+ and ɛ4- adults (Head et al., 2012). However, additional domains of physical activity have not been investigated, nor has a lifetime measure of physical activity been used. The purpose of this study was to determine if a lifetime of occupation, transportation, household and leisure-time physical activity was associated with amyloid deposition in cognitively asymptomatic APOE ɛ4+ adults. Cognitively asymptomatic APOE ɛ4+ (N=18, age 51–72 years, mean = 62.7, SD = 6.6, 67% female) and APOE ɛ4- adults (N=35, age 48–72 years, mean = 62.7, SD = 6.4, 77% female) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center completed the Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire during face-to-face interviews which estimated the average metabolic equivalent hours per week per year of occupation, transportation, household, leisure-time and total (all domains combined) physical activity. Participants also underwent lumbar puncture to acquire CSF which was assayed for amyloid (Aβ42), total tau (T-Tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-Tau181) using commercially available ELISA methods (INNOTEST assays, Fujiurebio, Ghent, Belgium). Correlations were performed between the multiple domains of physical activity and CSF biomarkers, controlling for age and sex. A lifetime of more total physical activity was associated with higher CSF Aβ42 concentration (r = .615, p = .011) in cognitively asymptomatic APOE ɛ4+ but not APOE ɛ4- adults (see figure). None of the individual physical activity domains were associated with any of the CSF biomarkers in APOE ɛ4+ or APOE ɛ4- adults.

Dog ownership and all-cause mortality in a population cohort in Norway: The HUNT study.

ObjectiveThere has been increased interest in human-animal interactions and their possible effects on human health. Some of this research has focused on human physical activity levels, mediated through increased dog walking. Much of the reported research has been cross sectional, and very few epidemiological studies have examined the association between dog ownership and mortality in populations.MethodsWe used data from the Norwegian county population-based Nord-Trøndelag HUNT Study (HUNT2, 1995–1997). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to analyse the relationship between dog ownership and all-cause mortality. The median follow-up time was 18.5 years and the maximum follow-up time was 19.7 years.ResultsIn this population, dog owners were no more physically active than non-dog owners, both groups reporting a total of just over 3 hours/week of light and vigorous activity. Dog owners (n = 25,031, with 1,587 deaths during follow-up; 504,017 person-years of time at risk) had virtually the same hazard of dying as non-dog owners (Hazard ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.91–1.09).ConclusionsWe found no evidence for an association between the presence of a dog in the household and all-cause mortality or physical activity levels in this Norwegian population. Further epidemiological research is needed to clarify this relationship, as methodological limitations and an active Norwegian population sample means that generalizable evidence is not yet clear on dog ownership and mortality.

Household Support for Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls Recruited from Lower SES Neighborhoods

Tangible (e.g. adult facilitation) and intangible (e.g. encouragement) forms of support for physical activity engagement could be an important contributor of physical activity engagement for adolescent girls from low socioeconomic status (SES) households. However, limited research has examined associations between household support and physical activity in this population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the perception of household support and physical activity levels of adolescent girls recruited from low SES neighborhoods. METHODS: Thirty-six girls, between the ages of 13-17 years, were recruited from lower SES neighborhoods. A trained researcher took participants’ height and weight and administered two questionnaires to assess: (1) household support for physical activity (including support from the adult in the household the participant perceived themselves as being closest with and each additional adult in the household); and (2) minutes per day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (using the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall). Participants also reported their perception of barriers and facilitators of physical activity. RESULTS: Participants (N=36; 60% non-Hispanic black) had a median age of 14.9 [13.8, 15.9] and median BMI percentile of 90.5 [58.5, 97.0]. Total support (r=0.221; p=0.224), tangible support (r=0.126; p=0.492), and intangible support (r=0.197; p=0.174) from the closest adult in the household was positively associated with physical activity but these results were not statistically significant (adjusted for age, BMI, and race/ethnicity). There were significant negative associations between BMI and both total adult household support for physical activity (r=-0.514; p=0.001) and the support provided by the closest adult in the household (r=-0.553; p<0.001). The most frequently reported facilitator of physical activity was support from family and friends (n=15; 42%). CONCLUSIONS: While household support for physical activity was not significantly associated with measured physical activity, there was a significant negative association between BMI and household support for physical activity. This suggests adolescents with a higher BMI receive less support for physical activity, which may warrant further investigation.

Variation In Daily Physical Activity During An Exercise Intervention Period In Older Adult Japanese

Previous studies have reported that healthy middle-aged adults spend less time on physical activity during the weekend than during the weekday. However, there are few reports about this topic that include older Japanese adults. PURPOSE: To examine variation in the amount of daily physical activity during an exercise intervention for older Japanese adults. Variations between the sexes were also examined in this study. METHODS: Forty-one healthy adults (female: n = 24; male: n = 17; age: 73.2 ± 7.3 years) participated in an exercise intervention (UMIN000020678). The exercise program was conducted once a week for 3 months. Daily physical activity was measured using three-axis accelerometers (OMRON: HJA-750C). Physical activity data were categorized into two types: locomotive or household activity. For each day of the week, we compared locomotive and household activity between male and female participants using one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: For all participants, physical activity amounts for each day of the week (Monday-Sunday) was 21.7-23.0 Mets[BULLET OPERATOR]h/day. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences among the days of the week. The average total amount of daily physical activity through all 7 days of the week was higher for female subjects (24.2 ± 4.5 Mets[BULLET OPERATOR]h/day) than for male participants (20.0 ± 3.9 Mets[BULLET OPERATOR]h/day). The average amount of locomotive activity was higher for male participants (5.42 ± 1.81 Mets[BULLET OPERATOR]h/day) than for female participants (4.8 ± 2.0 Mets[BULLET OPERATOR]h/day). However, the average amount of household activity was higher for female participants (19.3 ± 3.7 Mets[BULLET OPERATOR]h/day) than for male participants (14.6 ± 3.5 Mets[BULLET OPERATOR]h/day). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there is no significant variation in daily physical activity amounts in older Japanese adults during our exercise intervention. Furthermore, female participants in this intervention had higher total amounts of daily physical activity because of higher household physical activity amounnts, even though male participants had higher locomotor activity.

Neighborhood Social Cohesion as a Mediator of Neighborhood Conditions on Mothers' Engagement in Physical Activity: Results From the Geographic Research on Wellbeing Study.

The purpose of this study was to determine if social cohesion mediates the effects of neighborhood and household-level socioeconomic status (SES), perceptions of neighborhood safety, and access to parks on mothers' engagement in physical activity (PA). Secondary analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data from The Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study. GROW includes survey data from a diverse sample of 2,750 California mothers. Structural equation modeling was used to test a conceptual multilevel mediation model, proposing social cohesion as a mediator of known predictors of PA. Social cohesion fully mediated the pathway from perceived neighborhood safety to mothers' PA. Social cohesion also mediated the significant relationship between neighborhood SES and PA; however, this mediation finding was not practically significant when considered in the context of the full model. Household SES was significantly positively related to both social cohesion and PA. Park access contributed significantly to social cohesion but not directly to PA Social cohesion did not significantly mediate relationships between park access or household SES and PA. There is a need for public health interventions to improve engagement in PA among individuals and neighborhoods with lower levels of socioeconomic resources. Interventions that create social cohesion within neighborhoods may have positive effects on mothers' PA, particularly in neighborhoods perceived as unsafe.

Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Mental Health: A Meta-analysis.

The mental health benefits of physical activity are well established. However, less is known about whether the relationship between physical activity and mental health is consistent across different life domains. It is important to understand how context may influence the relationship between physical activity and mental health so that interventions and policy guidelines can be tailored to maximize positive effects. In 2015, systematic searches of four databases identified 13,435 records, of which 98 studies met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 1988 and 2015 and had a combined sample size of 648,726. Of the 98 included studies, 93 examined leisure-time physical activity, 14 examined work-related physical activity, 15 examined transport physical activity, 16 examined household physical activity, three examined school sport, and three examined physical education. Multi-level meta-analyses showed that leisure-time physical activity (r =0.13) and transport physical activity (r =0.13) both had a positive association with mental health. Leisure-time physical activity (r = -0.11) and school sport (r = -0.09) both had an inverse association with mental ill-health. However, physical activity was not consistently associated with lower mental ill-health across domains, as work-related physical activity was positively associated with mental ill-health (r =0.09). Household physical activity and participation in physical education had no relationship with mental health or mental ill-health. The domain in which physical activity occurs influences the relationship between physical activity and mental health and should, therefore, be considered when developing interventions, treatment programs, and policy guidelines.

Factors Associated With Household And Job Physical Activity In Low-income Pregnant Women

Low-income pregnant women are less likely to meet physical activity (PA) recommendations compared to higher income counterparts. Some studies suggest that the difference in activity levels is diminished when household (HPA) and job physical activities (JPA) are considered but little is known about factors that may influence HPA and JPA levels. PURPOSE: To examine personal, social, and environmental factors impacting HPA and JPA during pregnancy in low-income women based on the Ecological Model. METHODS: Low-income pregnant and postpartum women were recruited nationwide using an online platform. Participants (n=109) recalled pregnancy HPA and JPA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and answered a survey on personal (demographics, self-efficacy, lifestyle beliefs), social (social support, social perceptions, social roles strain) and environmental factors (safety, community involvement). Descriptive statistics were assessed for all variables. Median split was used to categorize HPA and JPA. Correlation matrices were created for personal, social, and environmental factors. Based on established criteria, significant variables were selected to be included in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A CFA model for each personal, social, and environmental latent factor and two structural equation models were created for predicting HPA and JPA. RESULTS: Participants’ mean age was 29.5 years (±5.6) and 51.9% of women were on Medicaid. Median, range HPA was 28, 0-354 MET-hrs/wk and JPA was 0.2, 0-367 MET-hrs/wk. Latent personal, social, and environmental factors were not significantly related to HPA or JPA. However, significant interactions occurred between personal and environmental factors (-0.218, p<0.05) and social and environmental factors (-0.207, p<0.05) in the HPA model as well as personal and environmental factors (-0.221, p<0.05) in the JPA model. CONCLUSIONS: Reported HPA and JPA levels were low, varied widely, and could indicate a lack of understanding of PA questions. Latent factors were not related to HPA or JPA, but the interactions among latent factors indicate that this analysis might not capture the complexity of PA behaviors. Other correlates not included in this study, such as job type, may have greater influence on HPA and JPA among low-income pregnant women.

Leisure-time, occupational, household physical activity and insulin resistance (HOMAIR) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) national study of adults.

Physical activity is a critical cornerstone of successful diabetes prevention and management. Current U.S. physical activity guidelines do not differentiate among physical activity for leisure, work, or other purposes, effectively implying that physical activity in any domain confers the same health benefits. It is currently unknown whether physical activity performed in different domains (leisure-time physical activity = LTPA, occupational physical activity = OPA, and household physical activity = HPA) is associated with insulin resistance. The associations between LTPA, OPA, HPA, and insulin resistance (indexed by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance = HOMAIR) were determined in the MIDUS (Midlife in the U.S.; 1995–2006) national study (N = 1229, ages 34–84). Not meeting physical activity guidelines with LTPA was associated with a 34% higher HOMAIR among participants with diabetes, 42% higher HOMAIR among participants with prediabetes, and 17% higher HOMAIR among participants with normal glucoregulation. These associations were slightly attenuated but remained significant after further adjusting for obesity status, education, smoking, and alcohol intake. There was no evidence that engaging in OPA or HPA was significantly associated with HOMAIR. These results confirm the health-promoting role of LTPA and suggest that LTPA may provide unique glucoregulatory benefits, as opposed to HPA and OPA. Physical activity domain is an important dimension that potentially belongs in the guidelines, similarly to intensity, frequency, duration, and type.

Validation of Questionnaire-Assessed Physical Activity in Comparison With Objective Measures Using Accelerometers and Physical Performance Measures Among Community-Dwelling Adults Aged ≥85 Years in Tokyo, Japan.

To date, there is no physical activity (PA) questionnaire with convergent and construct validity for the oldest-old. The aim of the current study was to investigate the validity of questionnaire-assessed PA in comparison with objective measures determined by uniaxial and triaxial accelerometers and physical performance measures in the oldest-old. Participants were 155 elderly (mean age 90 years) who were examined at the university and agreed to wear an accelerometer for 7 days in the 3-year-follow-up survey of the Tokyo Oldest-Old Survey of Total Health. Fifty-nine participants wore a uniaxial and triaxial accelerometer simultaneously. Self-rated walking, exercise, and household PA were measured using a modified Zutphen PA Questionnaire (PAQ). Several physical performance tests were done, and the associations among PAQ, accelerometer-assessed PA, and physical performances were compared by Spearman's correlation coefficients. Significant, low to moderate correlations between PA measures were seen on questionnaire and accelerometer assessments (ρ = 0.19 to 0.34). Questionnaireassessed PA measure were correlated with a range of lower extremity performance (ρ = 0.21 to 0.29). This PAQ demonstrated convergent and construct validity. Our findings suggest that the PAQ can reasonably be used in this oldest-old population to rank their PA level.

Relationship Between Physical Activity Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome Among Male Coal Miners of Shanxi Province in China.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and physical activity (PA) in different domains among male coal miners of Shanxi Province in China. The study was conducted from July 2013 to December 2013. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. Data regarding the general information of participants were collected by well-trained interviewers. MetS was defined according to IDF criteria. Self-reported PA was obtained with the IPAQ and categorized into three tertiles of intensity levels across occupation, transportation, household, and leisure-time domains. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied to compute the odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 3076 males aged 18-65 years old were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of MetS was 40.5% in the study subjects. The percentages of vigorous-intensity PA in MetS and non-MetS groups were 70.07% and 62.92%, respectively. Participants spent most of their time on occupation (2034 MET-min/w) and transportation (693MET-min/w) domains. Higher-intensity levels in occupation domains were significantly associated with lower risk of MetS (OR: 0.759, 95% CI: 0.633-0.911; OR: 0.627, 95% CI: 0.516-0.762). Across four types of workers, the relationships between PA domains and MetS were different. For underground and underground auxiliary workers, the negative relationship was found between occupation PA and MetS. For office workers, the negative relationship was found between household PA and MetS. For ground workers, only leisure-time PA had positively related to MetS.

Association between depression and metabolic syndrome in korean women: Results from the korean national health and nutrition examination survey (2007–2013)

BackgroundA considerable amount of research suggests that depression may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the risk factors for the development of CVD such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to investigate the associations between depression, MetS, and combinations of the individual MetS components in Korean women. MethodsCross-sectional data for 23,385 women who aged 19 years and older were obtained from the nationally representative Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2013). Associations between prior diagnosis of depression and MetS were estimated after adjusting for related factors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. ResultsMetS was more prevalent in women with a prior diagnosis of depression than those without diagnosed depression (26.20% vs. 19.07%, p<.001). Depression was significantly associated with MetS (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.43) after adjusting for age, education, monthly household income, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, and postmenopausal status. There was a higher prevalence of most MetS combinations among women with depression than women without depression. Specifically, significant differences between the two groups were found for MetS combinations including high triglycerides. LimitationsA cross-sectional study design and lack of a standardized objective measure for depression. ConclusionsDiagnosed depression is associated with MetS in Korean women. Specifically, women with diagnosed depression have significantly elevated levels of several combinations of MetS components including high triglycerides. Addressing these MetS combinations could help reduce CVD events and mortality among women with depression.

The Functional Competence State of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis and Different Variants of Polymorphic Site of 5-HTR2A T102C Gene or A-1438-G Depending on Sex

The state of functional competence in 100 patients with RA and different variants of polymorphic sites of serotonin receptor 5-HT2A T102C or A-1438-G gene was studied using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Polymorphic sites of T102C or A-1438-G gene were amplified with polymerase chain reaction. Anxiety level was assessed by Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI). Depressive status and depression severity were evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).Results. In the study, we found that women with RA and TT and TC genotypes had significantly more frequent symptoms of fatigue, autonomic anxiety and depressive disorders (DS), high state, trait anxiety and symptoms of severe depression (p &lt;0.001). Whereas women with CC genotype significantly more (p &lt;0.05) often had mild symptoms of DS than women with GG genotype as compared with АG genotype women. According to HAQ findings women with TC, TT and GG genotype had decreased ability to perform minimal household physical activity as compared to male patients.Conclusions. Functional competence values proved to be considerably worse in female patients with TC and GG genotypes than in males. There was a tendency of more severe disorders in women with TT and AA genotypes. Positive relationship between HAQ index and anxiety depressive disorders in female patients with TC, CC, AA and GG genotypes were found while in patients with TT genotype this relationship was inverse.

Associations Between Arthritis and Change in Physical Function in U.S. Retirees.

The aims of this study were to determine among retirees: the associations of arthritis with limitations in physical functions, and whether these associations changed differently with age for those with arthritis versus without arthritis. We identified retirees from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal panel study of U.S. adults ≥51 years old. We calculated incidence density ratios (IDRs) using Poisson regression modeling with generalized estimating equations to estimate the associations between arthritis and limitations in four physical function measures (large muscle tasks, mobility, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living) adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, total household income, depression, obesity, smoking, chronic conditions, physical activity, and cohort status. We examined interaction effects between arthritis and age to determine if the rate of change in physical function differed by arthritis status across age. Over 8 years (2004-2012), significantly more retirees with arthritis had limitations with large muscle tasks (IDR 2.1: 95% confidence interval 1.6, 2.8), mobility (IDR 1.6: 1.2, 2.2), activities of daily living (IDR 2.2: 1.0, 4.7), and instrumental activities of daily living (IDR 3.7: 1.9, 7.4) than retirees without arthritis. Retirees with arthritis did not develop limitations in mobility, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living at a different rate as they aged compared to those without arthritis. Arthritis was associated with a greater prevalence of physical function limitations. Preventing limitations caused by arthritis is a key strategy to prevent disability in retirees.

Work, household, and leisure-time physical activity and risk of mortality in the EPIC-Spain cohort

ObjectiveLarge-scale longitudinal data on the association of domain-specific physical activity (PA) and mortality is limited. Our objective was to evaluate the association of work, household (HPA), and leisure time PA (LTPA) with overall and cause-specific mortality in the EPIC-Spain study. Methods38,379 participants (62.4% women), 30–65years old, and free of chronic disease at baseline were followed-up from recruitment (1992 - 1996) to December 31st, 2008 to ascertain vital status and cause of death. PA was evaluated at baseline and at a 3-year follow-up with a validated questionnaire (EPIC-PAQ) and combined variables were used to classify the participants by sub-domains of PA. Associations with overall, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality risks were assessed using competing risk Cox regression models adjusted by potential confounders. ResultsAfter 13.6years of mean follow-up, 1371 deaths were available for analyses. HPA was strongly associated to reduced overall (hazard ratio (HR) for Q4 vs. Q1=0.47 (0.34, 0.64)) and cause-specific mortalities in women and to lower cancer mortality in men (P for trend=0.004), irrespective of age, education, and lifestyle and morbidity variables. LTPA was associated with lower mortality in women (HR for Q4 vs. Q1=0.71 (0.52, 0.98)), but not men. No relationships were found between sedentariness at work and overall mortality. ConclusionsHPA was associated to lower mortality risk in men and women from the EPIC-Spain cohort, whereas LTPA also contributed to reduce risk of death in women. Considering the large proportion of total daily PA that HPA represents in some population groups, these results are of public health importance.