Household Gas Research Articles

Analyzing the Effect of Population Density on Household Energy Consumption: A Case Study of Indonesian Provinces

Indonesia's rapid population growth and urbanization have intensified concerns about the rising demand for energy, making it crucial to understand the relationship between population density and energy consumption for effective policymaking. This study utilizes the STIRPAT model with multiple estimation methods, including OLS, FE, RE, FGLS, and PCSE, to explore the relationship between household energy use and population density at the provincial level in Indonesia. The analysis is based on data from 2018 to 2022, focusing on household electricity and gas usage ratios as dependent variables. Independent variables include Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) Per Capita, total population, population density, and the percentage of value added by GDRP. The results indicate a positive relationship between population density and household electricity and gas consumption during the study period. These findings emphasize the need for targeted and efficient energy policies to address the growing energy demand associated with population density trends.

Study of metrological characteristics of household gas meters when measuring the volume flow rate of gas-hydrogen mixtures

The paper presents the results of studies of the influence of pure gaseous hydrogen and gas-hydrogen mixtures and the performance and metrological characteristics of membrane-type gas meters used in the household sector. For the study, membrane-type meters of leading domestic and European manufacturers were pre-selected. A series of static and dynamic tests were conducted for the meters. The static tests involved checking the air-tightness of the meters under the influence of gaseous mixtures. The dynamic tests involved measurements on a simulated test site with a work medium of pure hydrogen as well as hydrogen-methane mixtures. The proportions of the mixtures used were: 80% of methane and 20% of hydrogen, and 90% of methane and 10% of hydrogen respectively. A structural diagram of the measuring system was developed. The measurements were performed by comparing the volume of the gas that passed through the experimental meter with the volume measured by the reference meter. The measuring system was equipped with a means for measuring the pressure and temperature of the measuring medium to bring the results of the experiments to standard conditions. As a reference means in the assembled measuring system, a drum-type gas meter with a calibration characteristic pre-determined under laboratory conditions with a work air medium was used. After the experimental studies with the work hydrogen medium and hydrogen gas mixtures under the conditions of the test site, the metrological characteristics were re-determined under laboratory conditions for the reference meter. To conduct the experiments with the maximum possible accuracy and to exclude the influence of additional errors on the measurement result, a specialized software was developed to automate the measurements of the volume of the gas passing through the reference meter, measuring the pressure and temperature of the work medium and fixing the required value of the gas volume flow rate. The results of the experiments for several meters are presented in the form of tabular values and graphs. General conclusions were made regarding the influence of hydrogen and gas-hydrogen mixtures on the change in metrological characteristics of household gas meters.

Compare the Properties of Composite Material by Date Leaves with Different Additives

Almost no product is made today without the use of composite materials, which have demonstrated their value over time in a variety of applications. Examples include household products, automobiles, oil and gas stations and spacecraft. Instead of using timber, leaves will be used to create a solid material. The goal of this study is to identify the distinguishing features of composite materials made from dates palm waste, as well as the overall effects on the properties when changing the mixture's proportions and the amount to which those materials are vulnerable to outside influences. It also aims to identify the best material that can be produced and used in home furnishings, manufacturing, architectural design, practical applications, and other science-related fields. This project will address the use of natural fibers from dates palm waste and some other materials to convert them into a strong, lightweight, low-cost composite material to replace wood, aluminum, synthetic fibers, and other materials in industries and uses. It will also explore the manufacturing processes, testing methods, and the outcomes of comparing it with other materials. The UHU (adhesive) matrix has the lowest hardness value compared to others. Structure tests show composites' internal composition; it plays an important role in understanding the properties of composites. The water absorption test demonstrates the duration required for composites to become saturated with water, with optimal results falling within the range of 13 to 24 hours for saturation.

Community empowerment based on utilization of livestock waste to become biogas in Bacukiki Energy Independent Village

Watang Bacukiki Village has a farm that produces cow manure but is not utilized. Cow manure (solid waste) eventually accumulates and creates an unpleasant odor. Based on these problems, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Parepare carried out a CSR program by empowering the community, namely the Bacukiki Berdikari Energy Village as a form of assistance around the company's operational locations by building reactors so that cow manure does not pollute the environment and can be used as new, environmentally friendly energy, namely biogas, and compost. This program involves the community in processing cow manure. The research was carried out in collaboration with research centers, while data collection used observation, interviews, and surveys. The results of the biogas are used for household gas needs with the aim that the people in Watang Bacukiki Village can be energy independent through environmentally friendly energy that is self-produced through locally owned potential.

Electric Vehicle Usage Patterns in Multi-Vehicle Households in the US: A Machine Learning Study

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions. In the US, EVs are mostly owned by multi-vehicle households, and their usage is primarily studied in the context of vehicle miles traveled. This study takes a unique approach by analyzing EV usage through the lens of vehicle choice (between EVs and internal combustion engine vehicles) within multi-vehicle households. A two-step machine-learning framework (clustering and decision trees) is proposed. The framework determines the preferred trip category for EV use and captures the effects of household attributes, driver attributes, built-environment factors, and gas prices on EV use in multi-vehicle households. Results indicate that discretionary trips (accumulated local effect = 0.037) are mostly preferred for EV use. EV preference is more pronounced among households with fewer workers (<2) and lower income levels. These findings are valuable for policymakers and auto manufacturers in targeting specific market segments and promoting EV adoption.

Study of adsorption of household gas molecules on electrophysical properties of porous silicon

Purpose. This research comprehensively investigates the adsorption of household gas molecules on porous silicon surfaces and its impact on the electrophysical properties of the material. The primary aim is to understand how the adsorption process influences the electrical conductivity and capacitance of porous silicon. Methodology. The study employs various electrophysical analysis methods to measure changes in the material's conductivity and capacitance caused by gas adsorption. Furthermore, the research explores optimal conditions for detecting household gas and establishes the correlation between the degree of adsorption and alterations in electrophysical parameters. Originality. The research contributes novelty by not only revealing increased conductivity due to adsorption but also significant changes in capacitance, providing a foundation for developing efficient gas sensors. Additionally, the article discusses the potential applications of porous silicon in developing novel materials for gas sensors to detect various airborne pollutants. Results. In addition to the previously mentioned findings, the article highlights the results of experiments studying the influence of different concentrations of household gas on the electrophysical characteristics of porous silicon. This insight refines optimal parameters for the effective detection of gas pollutants. The research also discusses the applicability of the results in producing environmentally friendly and highly efficient sensor systems. Practical Value. The obtained conclusions deepen our understanding of the interaction between porous silicon and household gas, crucial for advancing gas sensor technologies. The study opens broad possibilities for applying porous silicon in highly sensitive and reliable gas sensors for diverse practical applications, including safety monitoring and air quality control in industrial and domestic settings. The practical implications extend to the development of real-time, eco-friendly sensor systems.

Research Status and Development Trend of Household Gas Stoves

With the increasing global demand for pollution-free cooking energy, the development of efficient and clean domestic gas stoves has been promoted. This article first provides a comprehensive overview of the thermal performance and pollutant emissions of household gas stoves through stove protocols, and organizes relevant design and development literature to gain a deeper understanding of their current development status; Secondly, the impact of natural gas, thermal performance, emission performance, and control systems on energy conservation and emission reduction of household gas stoves was analyzed one by one; Finally, the trend of intelligent development of domestic gas stoves in China was discussed. In summary, this study can provide useful references for the design and theoretical research of domestic gas stoves in China.

Analyzing the un-accounted gas causes in Indonesian household gas networks using text analytics

The development and growth process of domestic gas network in Indonesia is one of the Government's efforts towards National Energy Transformation or Zero Net Carbon Emissions by 2060. In its development, a number of challenges have been found to be addressed by the parties concerned. One of the major challenges faced in the development of jargas is the presence of unaccounted gas or gas losses, which is an unknown amount of gas, such as, for example, the value of un-acccounted gaseous gas in 2022 in a region reaches an average of -24,55%. The size of the UAG (Un-Accounted Gas) value needs to be known by the parties, so research is carried out using operational data such as a monthly report containing free text with the method of text analytics. Text analytics is used to perform Analysis to find out the factors causing the occurrence of value of UAG in Jargas. The analysis uses a number of Phyton-supported tools, including Anaconda, and Power BI. The data analysis uses 3,584 word strings, with 42 UAG cause variables, then extracted into 60 Tokens or keywords, then performed the analysis on 52 unique tokens, then focused on 19 main tokens. The results of the analysis showed that -24,55% of UAG causes are due to leakage (15,56%), third-party activity (3.52%), un-registered thieves (2,22%), gas-in activity (1,99%), and accuracy of measuring instruments (1,42%).

Policy Analysis of City Gas Network in Indonesia Using The CIPP Approach

The provision of environmentally friendly, cheap and safe energy for citizens by taking into account the mix of national energy use by considering the country's financial ability to provide subsidies is a policy that must be carried out by the Government. In this case, the Government of Indonesia itself has taken the initiative to save subsidies through the conversion of kerosene to the use of LPG which is safer for the community. However, the high LPG subsidy because it still relies on imports for its fulfillment also ultimately raises other problems. Starting in 2009, the Government continued to take initiatives to overcome this by continuing existing policies by building Household Gas Networks to optimize the potential of natural gas that is widely available in Indonesia and to reduce dependence on the use of LPG, especially in the household consumer sector and small customers. This policy is even included in one of the National Strategic Projects through Presidential Decree No. 18 of 2020 where this is also contained in the Medium-Term Development Plan (RJPMN) which targets the construction of 4.7 million household connections by the end of 2024, but in fact until 2022 only around 871,000 connections have been realized. This study conducts an analysis of policy evaluation of Jargas Development through the CIPP (Context, Input, Process &; Product) approach to get a comprehensive picture of the policy process that occurs. From the results of the study, it was found that there are still things that need to be improved to ensure that this policy can better achieve the expected targets, both in terms of planning to policy implementation that involves many parties in it and also recommendations for implementation in the future

Improving the quality of biogas fuel combustion in a household gas burner

Improving the quality of biogas fuel combustion in a household gas burner

УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ГАЗОВОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕСТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ

In the context of general economic instability caused by sanctions pressure from the US and the EU, the Russian gas industry faces new challenges, including a decrease in gas exports to the EU and the need to redirect energy resources to the Asia-Pacific region. These problems reduce the profits of key market participants and require changes in strategy, including digital transformation. Digitalization is becoming a possible solution to problems as an effective tool for improving business efficiency. Despite market volatility, the volume of investments in digitalization continues to grow by an average of 26% annually. Due to the general instability of the external environment, gas companies in Russia need to consider new ways of market development, not only using the export potential towards China. The relevance of the study is due to changes in the market situation and the need to adjust the investment strategies of gas enterprises, including investments in digitalization. The purpose of the study is to determine the trends in the sustainable development of the Russian gas industry based on the digital transformation of enterprises in the face of uncertainty. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: analysis of the characteristics of the gas industry, the impact of digital transformation and assessment of the external environment. The research methods include content analysis of scientific papers, abstract logical method, regression and system analysis. The main findings show the relationship between investments in digitalization and increased household gas consumption, which indicates the need to develop the domestic market through gasification programs and an increase in the number of gas stations. The practical value of the work lies in proposing specific measures to improve the efficiency and reliability of the industry through digital technologies and import substitution of equipment. As a result, key areas for further research include a detailed analysis of household gasification programs, trends in sustainable development strategies during periods of turbulence and the development of the idea of the need to create a domestic gas consumption market through the development of gas stations and gasification of households. In other words, for the sustainable development of gas industry enterprises, it is necessary to strengthen measures to improve the domestic market, including through the development of regional gasification programs.

Arduino-Based Safety System for Gas Flame Monitoring, Leakage Detection, and Utensil Presence Using Sensor Integration and SMS Alerts

Abstract: In this research project, we present an innovative Arduino-based safety system designed to enhance household gas safety by monitoring gas flame, detecting gas leakage, and ensuring the presence of utensils in the cooking area. By integrating various sensors such as a flame sensor, gas leakage sensor, and ultrasonic sensor, coupled with servo motor control and GSM technology, our system provides real-time monitoring and proactive response to potential hazards. This project showcases the integration of hardware components and intelligent control algorithms, enabling an efficient and reliable safety system. The use of Arduino as the central control unit provides a flexible and cost-effective solution for gas safety applications. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our system in detecting potential hazards, triggering appropriate actions, and notifying users via SMS alerts.

Reconsidering gas as clean energy: Switching to electricity for household cooking to reduce NO2-attributed disease burden

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a prevalent air pollutant in urban areas, originating from outdoor sources, household gas consumption, and secondhand smoke. The limited evaluation of the disease burden attributable to NO2, encompassing different health effects and contributions from various sources, impedes our understanding from a public health perspective. Based on modeled NO2 exposure concentrations, their exposure–response relationships with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes mellitus, and baseline disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), we estimated that 1,675 (655–2,624) thousand DALYs were attributable to NO2 in urban China in 2019 [138 (54–216) billion Chinese yuan (CNY) economic losses]. The transition from gas to electricity for household cooking was estimated to reduce the attributable economic losses by 35%. This reduction falls within the range of reductions achieved when outdoor air meets the World Health Organization interim target 3 and air quality guidelines for annual NO2, highlighting the significance of raising awareness of gas as a polluting household energy for cooking. These findings align with global sustainable development initiatives, providing a sustainable solution to promote public health while potentially mitigating climate change.

Consumer protection institutions strengthening in the digitalization era

Consumer protection laws have been in effect in Indonesia for 23 years, but consumer complaints seem to never end and even tend to increase. According to National Consumer Protection Agency (BPKN) complaint data, the three sectors with the most consumer complaints in the last five years have been financial services, e-commerce, and housing, as well as health services, transportation, telecommunications, food and beverage, cosmetics, and household gas electricity. Business transactions and dispute resolution are affected by information and technology improvements. Since the disruptive transaction system has transitioned from manual transaction patterns in traditional markets to digital transactions in online marketplaces, institutional strengthening of consumer protection is urgently needed. Strengthening consumer protection institutions is a genuine problem in the context of future consumer protection laws. Economic policy is measured not only by increasing output but also by increasing public consumption as a result of consumer confidence in the goods and/or services available on the market, which ultimately drives the rate of productivity growth to realize the welfare of Indonesian consumers. The importance of strengthening consumer protection institutions as a form of development and certainty of legal protection for consumers to realize consumer empowerment both individually and communally, as well as business actor compliance as an internal form of good corporate governance in consumer-centric change management governance.

Perlindungan Konsumen Terkait Keterlambatan Pembayaran Tagihan Listrik Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Introduction: During the pandemic, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) noted that household electricity and gas consumption increased by more than 30%.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of writing is to find out about the problem of how to regulate consumer protection related to delays in paying electricity account arrears due to the covid-19 pandemic and how to pay for electricity account arrears during the covid-19 pandemic.Methods of the Research: In writing this thesis the author uses the type of normative research. In this study, two approaches to the problem are used, namely the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. Sources of data obtained are primary legal materials, even secondary law, and tertiary legal materials. Techniques for collecting legal materials are collected, grouped according to their respective sections, both primary law, secondary law and tertiary law. All data from this study were analyzed qualitatively.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that Covid -19 is a non-natural disaster that can be categorized as a relative overmacht. Even though in this difficult condition there is still no legal basis that allows PLN to relax electricity bills, so that people as electricity consumers have an obligation to pay or pay off. bills according to the rules regulated in the Electricity Law. Consumers are required to pay electricity bills in accordance with the applicable rules, where if the consumer is late in paying electricity starting from the 1st-20th, it will be 1 month late and the customer will get a warning letter to pay it off immediately, if the customer has not paid the bill, the electricity will be refunded. Temporarily disconnected and if it is two months late the customer's electricity will be permanently cut off if the customer wants to install a new meter then the consumer is required to pay bills and fines beforehand.

Nitrous oxide-induced polyneuropathy, pancytopenia and pulmonary embolism: a case report

BackgroundNitrous oxide is a medical and household gas that has seen its use drift to recreational purpose among the young population in recent years. Significant neurological, hematological and psychiatric side effects, generally related to an induced functional vitamin B12 deficiency, have been described separately in the literature.Case reportA 22-year-old woman of North African origin experienced an exceptional combination of polyneuropathy, bilateral pulmonary embolism and severe pancytopenia related to vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia induced by recreational nitrous oxide use. After treatment with vitamin B12 supplementation and intensive rehabilitative management, the patient progressively regained the ability to walk and her biological parameters gradually returned to normal. The pathophysiological mechanisms related to a decrease in vitamin B12 activity are the reduction of products needed for synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, carbohydrate or fatty acids, and the increase of hyperhomocysteinemia. Other mechanisms involving a direct action of N2O are also suspected.ConclusionThis case report brings elements to support our knowledge about pathological pathway, recovery and prognosis of recreational N2O abuse complications. The general and medical population should be aware to the serious consequences of this type of consumption.

Design and research of Sense, Know, Anticipate and Protect Integrated Intelligent Gas Pipeline Network Security System

Nowadays, China's gas pipeline network accidents are frequent, and gas accidents cause significant losses to people's lives and property safety, exposing many loopholes and shortcomings in urban safety management. Traditional social warning methods for gas safety accidents are insufficient and information dissemination is not in place, making it difficult for people in gas risk areas to obtain effective and timely warning information, often resulting in major gas explosion casualties. Home gas leaks are often more difficult to detect and dispose of, and coupled with the weak awareness of gas safety among users and their reluctance to purchase corresponding gas leak alarm devices, the safety problems faced by home gas are very serious. The paper focuses on gas safety hotspots, dovetails with national urban safety development strategies, and proposes 3 sets of system solutions through system innovation, technological innovation, and financial innovation for key and difficult issues such as gas safety monitoring, social surface warning, and user protection system construction. At the government management level, it realizes real-time and precise monitoring of gas pipeline networks. At the social early warning level, it realizes real-time systematic delivery of risk information. At the household protection level, it realizes household gas safety monitoring and the construction of a protection system. The 3 sets of solutions are hierarchical and logically progressive, forming a closed-loop working system of gas safety monitoring, early warning, management and guarantee for the whole field of government, society and family, providing a new system thinking, technology integration and operation system for the field of city gas safety.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas Secara Portable pada Distributor Gas Rumah Tangga

In this research we design and build a portable gas leak detection system for household gas distributors. The performance of the designed system is described and evaluated. The system aims to speed up the time in detecting gas leaks. System portability allows implementation and monitoring in the form of a website. System design and performance are assessed and proven effective in detecting gas leaks, providing a reliable and efficient solution for gas distributors. The method used is the conditional method where the gas leak detection system is made with Nodemcu esp8266, sensor mq6, buzzer, step-down lm2596, and led. The results obtained from testing the leak detection system explain the testing and evaluation of the gas cylinder inspection system. The system is designed to check 3kg gas cylinders, category level 1 with numbers 300-500, category level 2 with numbers 500-750, category level 3 with numbers 750-1000, and category level 4 with numbers higher than 1000. Detection of gas leaks in each valve takes about 13 seconds to detect leaking gas, send data to the website and provide output to the buzzer.

Considerations about the measurement of electromagnetic emissions

he main goal of the paper is to present procedures and analysis of the measurement that must be performed and the compulsory results to obtain compliance with conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions. After the introductory section which outlines generalities related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the second section focuses on the dichotomy between near-field and far-field, present in two important zones where electromagnetic phenomena are totally different, which however are not well enough highlighted in the specific EMC standards. The third section is devoted to emission measurements that must be performed in different electromagnetic environments and for different types of equipment depicted in the specific standards in force. As an example, the case of electromagnetic emissions produced by a household gas thermal power unit is presented.

City Gas Network Uses And Benefits Socialization For Community In Tanjung Gedong Area Of West Jakarta

City gas network socialization is a community service that aims to make community understand the development of the city gas distribution sector in Indonesia and provide information to the community about liquified petroleum gas (LPG) substitute. A gas network for households means distributing gas through pipes to households. The limited availability of household gas in DKI Jakarta made this socialization theme raised. The location chosen is the Tanjung Gedong area, Tomang-sub district, Grogol Petamburan district, West Jakarta, which in this case, the area is a densely populated area, especially family settlements. The participants who took part in this community service were housewives. The method used is to provide socialization about the city gas network developed by the government for household gas purposes, the socialization is carried out online with the zoom facility and some others offline in the community while still using the existing health protocol. The result of this community service activity is that the community can recognize and understand the existence of a gas network whose infrastructure development is being developed by the government through PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (PGN) Tbk. This community service makes the community aware of the flow of the city gas network development program.